补肾益髓法对慢性再生障碍性贫血IL-3、SCF、IFN—Y、TNF—αmRNA表达的影响

目的 通过观察补肾益髓中药对慢性再生障碍性贫血患者造血调控因子表达的影响，探讨补肾中药的调节机制。方法 将120例患者随机分为补肾益髓法治疗组90例，西药对照组30例；另取志愿献髓者骨髓10例作为正常健康人对照组。通过RT-PCR法观察其骨髓造血细胞调控因子干细胞因子（SCF）、白细胞介素3（IL-3）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、干扰素γ（IFN-γ）mRNA的半定量表达情况。结果两组患者治疗前SCF、IL-3表达水平明显低于健康人组（P〈0．01），治疗后升高（P〈0．05），治疗组高于对照组；治疗前TNF-α、IFN-γ表达水平明显高于健康人组（P〈0．01），治疗后降低（治疗组P〈0.01，对照组P〈0．05），治疗组低于对照组（TNF-α P〈0．01，IFN—γ P〈0．05）。结论 补肾益髓法中药可调节紊乱的免疫状态，增强正调控因子的作用，解除过高的负调控因子对造血细胞的过度抑制而达到治疗目的。     

补肾化瘀法治疗再生障碍性贫血的疗效及其对血清IFN-γ、TNF-α水平的影响

目的:观察补肾化瘀中药复方治疗慢性再生障碍性贫血(简称CAA)的疗效以及治疗前后细胞因子IFN-γ、TNF-α水平水平的变化。方法:采用ELISA法检测血清γ-IFN、TNF-α水平,观察补肾化瘀中药治疗前后两者水平的变化。结果:CAA患者造血负调控因子IFN-γ、TNF-α水平明显高于正常(P<0.05,P<0.01),补肾化瘀中药治疗后IFN-γ、TNF-α水平明显下降(P<0.05),与CsA对照组作用基本相似(P>0.05)。提示:补肾化瘀中药能降低造血负调控因子IFN-γ、TNF-α水平,从而减轻造血负调控因子对骨髓的造血抑制,促进造血功能改善和恢复。     

补肾通督胶囊对类风湿性关节炎患者TH1/TH2细胞平衡的影响

目的:观察补肾通督胶囊对肾虚寒凝型类风湿性关节炎患者外周血Th1/Th2细胞及相关细胞因子干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)的影响。方法:入选类风湿性关节炎病例随机双盲分为治疗组(36例)和对照组(35例),治疗组口服补肾通督胶囊,对照组口服雷公藤多苷片,均服药12周,采用流式细胞术观察比较治疗前后两组患者外周血Th1/Th2及采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)观察血清IFN-γ、IL-4、TNF-α、IL-1β的变化。结果:治疗后两组与各自组治疗前相比,Th1、Th1/Th2显著降低(P<0.01),Th2显著升高(P<0.01);治疗后两组间比较,治疗组Th2升高更为明显(P<0.01),对照组的Th1降低更为明显(P<0.01),Th1/Th2无显著性差异(P>0.05)。治疗后两组与各自治疗前相比,IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-1β显著降低(P<0.01),IL-4显著升高(P<0.01);治疗后两组间比较,治疗组IL-4升高更为明显(P<0.01),对照组IFN-γ、TNF-α降低更为明显(P<0.01),IL-1β没有显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:补肾通督胶囊可以明显改善肾虚寒凝型RA患者Th1/Th2的比例失衡。     

补肾益髓生血法对苯与环磷酰胺诱导AA大鼠Th1/Th2细胞分泌细胞因子影响的实验研究

目的:探讨补肾益髓生血法对苯与环磷酰胺诱导AA大鼠血清细胞因子的作用。方法:清洁级SD大鼠85只,随机分为正常组10只,造模组75只,造模组皮下隔天注射苯(1 mL/kg)7周,取材前2周连续隔天腹腔注射CTX(25 mg/kg)3次,建立苯与环磷酰胺诱导AA大鼠模型。三周后灌胃前,按体质量随机分为模型组、康力龙组、益髓生血组、温肾生血组和滋肾生血组。第七周处死大鼠,股动脉取血,静置离心后,取上层血清,放免法检测血清中IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-2、IL-4、IL-5、IL-10细胞因子的表达。结果:与正常组比较,模型组大鼠血清IFN-γ明显升高(P0.05),IL-2显著升高(P0.01),TNF-α有升高趋势,经过治疗后,IFN-γ、IL-2、TNF-α均有降低趋势;与正常组比较,模型组IL-4、IL-5水平明显降低(P0.05),IL-10显著降低(P0.01),经过治疗后,IL-4、IL-5、IL-10均有升高趋势。结论:补肾益髓生血法可降低AA大鼠血清细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-2、TNF-α负调控,增加细胞因子IL-4、IL-5、IL-10正调控,对AA大鼠免疫和造血系统有一定的调节作用,且滋肾生血方疗效优于益髓生血颗粒、温肾生血方。     

补血合剂对慢性再生障碍性贫血患者造血细胞调节因子的影响

目的:研究补血合剂对慢性再生障碍性贫血患者造血细胞调节因子的影响。方法:对慢性再生障碍性贫血患者随机分组后,治疗组西药加补血合剂,对照组单纯西药治疗。抽取骨髓,对骨髓细胞分离培养,收集培养上清液和骨髓单个核细胞,用双抗夹心ELISA法测定培养上清液中造血细胞调节因子(IL-3、TNF-α、IFN-γ)的活性并比较其水平变化。结果:造血细胞调节因子水平:治疗组与对照组治疗前IL-3水平明显低于正常对照组,P<0.05,TNF-α、IFN-γ水平明显高于正常对照组,P<0.05;治疗后IL-3水平升高,与治疗前相比有显著性差异,P<0.05;治疗后TNF-α、IFN-γ水平降低,与治疗前相比有显著性差异,P<0.05。治疗后治疗组IL-3水平高于对照组,P<0.05;TNF-α、IFN-γ水平低于对照组,P<0.05;IL-3水平升高的差值与TNF-α、IFN-γ水平下降的差值,肾阳虚组均高于肾阴虚组,有显著性差异,P<0.05。结论:补血合剂能提高正调节因子IL-3的水平,降低负调节因子TNF-α、IFN-γ的水平,肾阳虚型患者的治疗效果优于肾阴虚型患者,为中药治疗慢性再生障碍性贫血的作用机制提供依据。     

补肾益髓法治疗慢性再生障碍性贫血的临床研究

【目的】研究补肾益髓法治疗慢性再生障碍性贫血的临床疗效。【方法】将60例患者随机分为治疗组40例，对照组20例。治疗组按中医辨证分为肾阴虚型、肾阳虚型、肾阴阳两虚型，分别服用补肾益髓Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ号方，治疗6个月。对照组给予西药康力龙、一叶秋碱治疗。【结果】治疗组基本治愈8例，缓解12例，明显进步11例，总有效率为77．5％；对照组基本治愈2例，缓解4例，明显进步6例，总有效率为60．0％。两组问差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。中医证候改善及血红蛋白（Hb）、血小板（PLT）的升高治疗组均优于对照组。造血细胞正向调控因子白介素-3（IL-3）水平的升高、负向调控因子肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）水平的下降，治疗组均优于对照组。【结论】补肾益髓法治疗慢性再生障碍性贫血具有较好的临床疗效，能改善中医症状及外周血象，并能改善造血细胞调控因子的分泌。     

补肾化浊汤联合盐酸环丙沙星治疗慢性前列腺炎疗效及对炎症因子的影响

目的观察补肾化浊汤联合盐酸环丙沙星治疗慢性前列腺炎患者的临床疗效及对炎症因子IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-10水平的影响。方法将116例慢性前列腺炎患者随机分为观察组58例和对照组58例,对照组采用口服盐酸环丙沙星治疗,观察组在此基础上给予补肾化浊汤治疗,2组均连续治疗4周,观察2组临床疗效及治疗前后炎症因子水平。结果观察组总有效率明显高于对照组(χ~2=4.54,P0.05)。治疗后2组患者NIH-CPSI评分、前列腺液WBC计数及IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-10水平均较治疗前明显减少或降低(P均0.05),且观察组上述指标改善情况均明显优于对照组(P均0.05)。结论补肾化浊汤联合盐酸环丙沙星治疗慢性前列腺炎疗效显著,其可能是通过调节炎症细胞因子IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-10水平来达到治疗目的。     

俞募配穴针灸治疗慢性疲劳综合征临床疗效及对细胞因子的影响

目的 观察俞募配穴针灸治疗慢性疲劳综合征(CFS)的临床疗效及对血清白细胞介素-2 (IL-2)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、干扰素-γ (IFN-γ)等细胞因子的影响,探讨其作用机制.方法 将77例CFS患者随机分为治疗组39例和对照组38例,另设正常组20例.治疗组采用俞募配穴针灸治疗,对照组采用Streitberger’s安慰针具治疗,连续治疗4周.比较2组临床疗效.2组治疗前后血清IL-2、TNF-α水平用放免法测定,血清IFN-γ水平用ELISA法测定,并采用同一方法在治疗前同时测定正常组血清IL-2、TNF-α、IFN-γ水平.结果 2组疗效比较,治疗组总有效率71.8％(28/39),对照组总有效率15.8％(6/38),治疗组优于对照组(P＜0.01).2组患者治疗前与正常组比较血清IL-2、IFN-γ、TNF-α水平均显著降低(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);治疗后治疗组血清IL-2、IFN-γ、TNF-α水平均显著升高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),而对照组稍有升高,但均无统计学意义;2组治疗后比较,血清IL-2、IFN-γ、TNF-α水平差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论 俞募配穴针灸对CFS患者有较好的疗效,升高患者血清IL-2、IFN-γ、TNF-α等细胞因子的水平,提高免疫力,可能是本法治疗CFS取效的主要机制之一.     

补肾为主辨证论治对急性期多发性硬化患者血浆细胞因子的影响

目的:观察补肾为主辨证论治对急性期多发性硬化(MS)患者血浆细胞因子的影响,探索中医药辨证施治治疗MS的机制。方法:将64例住院患者随机分成中药组32例,西药组32例;并另设健康对照组15例。西药组给予甲基强的松龙、醋酸泼尼松等常规治疗;中药组在此基础上施以补肾为主中医辨证论治,连续3-4周。两组治疗前及治疗后均进行多发性硬化伤残量表(EDSS)评分,并采集血液标本,ELISA法对受试者血浆TNF-α,IL-12p40,IFN-γ水平进行测定,并进行组间及治疗前后对照分析。结果:两组治疗后EDSS评分较治疗前均显著降低(P0.05),但组间比较无显著差异。两组治疗后TNF-α、IFN-γ水平均较治疗前降低(P0.05),IL-12p40水平均较治疗前增高(P0.05);治疗后中药组血浆TNF-α表达明显低于西药组(P=0.0280.05),且与健康对照组相比无差异(P=0.3640.05),西药组TNF-α表达仍高于健康对照组(P=0.0080.01);治疗后两组间IFN-γ水平比较无显著差异(P0.05),与健康组相比均无差异(P0.05)。治疗后两组IL-12p40水平均低于健康对照组(P0.05),中药组IL-12p40表达高于西药组,但两组间比较无差异(P0.05)。结论:中医补肾为主辨证论治结合西医常规治疗可能通过调节血浆TNF-α、IL-12p40、IFN-γ水平发挥治疗作用。下调血浆中TNF-α表达、上调IL-12p40表达可能是中医药辨证论治治疗急性期MS的部分机制所在。     

温阳益气法辅助化疗治疗阳虚型胃癌的疗效观察

目的观察温阳益气法辅助化疗治疗阳虚型胃癌患者的疗效。方法将82例阳虚型胃癌患者随机分为2组,对照组41例单用化疗,治疗组41例在化疗的同时予温阳益气中药复方口服,连服20 d。观察2组治疗前后胃癌阳虚症状改善情况、骨髓抑制、细胞免疫因子[干扰素γ(IFN-γ)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素4(IL-4)、IL-10]变化,并统计中医症状改善率。结果治疗组中医症状改善率85.37%,优于对照组(39.02%,P0.05)。治疗组治疗后IFN-γ、TNF-α升高,IL-10下降(P0.05),IL-4无改善(P0.05)。治疗组治疗后IFN-γ、TNF-α较对照组升高,IL-4、IL-10较对照组下降(P0.05)。治疗组治疗后白细胞及红细胞抑制发生率低于对照组(P0.05),2组血小板抑制发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论温阳益气法治疗阳虚型胃癌可以改善其临床症状、提高免疫力、减轻化疗所致的骨髓抑制反应,使用安全。     

Phytochemistry, Metabolism, and Metabolomics of Ginseng

Ginseng, as a medicinal plant, has been used for thousands of years in China, Korea, and Japan, and the study on ginseng is a hotspot in the research field as evidenced by about 7000 scientific papers in PUBMED. In recent decades, many ginseng studies focused on the metabolism and metabolomics of ginseng or its active ingredients using modern bioanalytical technologies. To date, more than 200 ginsenosides and non-saponin constituents have been isolated and identified. In the past decades, rapid development of analytical technologies has facilitated the advancement of ginseng research in many ways. In this review, we focus on the advances of ginseng research in chemistry, pharmacology, and metabolomics. We also provide the comments on the significance as well as challenges of metabolomics-based ginseng studies.     

Isolation and hypoglycemic activity of eleutherans A, B, C, D, E, F, and G: glycans of Eleutherococcus senticosus roots

Intraperitoneal injection of an aqueous extract of the crude drug "shigoka" (Siberian ginseng), Eleutherococcus senticosus roots, remarkably diminished plasma-sugar level in mice. Fractionation of the extract by monitoring the activity yielded seven glycans, eleutherans A, B, C, D, E, F, and G, which exerted marked hypoglycemic effects in normal and alloxan-induced hyperglycemic mice.     

Correlation of Metabolism, Metabolomics, and Metabonomics

<正>In this issue,CHM published two reviews on drug metabolism of Chinese herbal medicines.Three key words have been found,they are metabolism,metabolomics,and metabonomics.As we known,drug metabolism is the biochemical modification of pharmaceutical substances respectively by living organisms through specialized enzymatic systems,the rate of metabolism determines the duration and intensity of pharmacological responses     

酸柏栀油软胶囊对小鼠学习记忆及脑中NO、Ach的影响

目的:观察酸柏栀油软胶囊对小鼠的促学习记忆作用并初步探讨其机制。方法:采用Morris水迷宫法观察酸柏栀油软胶囊对小鼠的学习记忆影响,并测定小鼠脑内NOS、ChaE、AChE的含量。结果:酸柏栀油软胶囊1.25～5 ml/kg能缩短小鼠登台潜伏期,增加穿越原平台次数,以中剂量作用最强;且登台潜伏期随训练时间的延长,各组作用均逐渐增强,d20的作用尤为明显。酸柏栀油软胶囊尚能增加小鼠脑内NOS、ChaE活性,降低AChE活性,也以中剂量作用为佳。结论:酸柏栀油软胶囊对小鼠学习记忆有促进作用,该作用可能与其富含不饱和脂肪酸,增加脑内NO、Ach的含量有关。     

Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic, and cytotoxic activities of Galium mexicanum

Ethnopharmacological relevance

To study the potential benefit of the traditional Mexican medicinal plant Galium mexicanum Kunth (Rubiaceae). Hexane, chloroform, and methanol extracts as well as various fractions from these extracts were tested to determine antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic or anti-inflammatory activities in vitro.

Materials and methods

Aerial parts of the plant were extracted with various solvents and fractionated accordingly. Their antibacterial and antifungal activities were assessed on nine bacterial and four fungal strains. Leishmania donovani was used as a protozoan strain for antiparasitic activity. The anti-inflammatory activity of the compounds was investigated by measuring the secretion of interleukin-6 when macrophages were exposed to lipopolysaccharide.

Results

Various extracts and fractions obtained from this plant exhibit antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, and anti-inflammatory activities. Of special interest was the hexane fraction HE 14b, which show antibacterial (ranging between 67 and 666 μg/ml) and antifungal (at concentrations of 333 μg/ml) activities. Also the hexane fraction HE 5 exhibited antiparasitic activity (at concentrations of 260 μg/ml), whereas the methanol fraction ME 13-15 showed a potent anti-inflammatory activity when compared to dexamethasone. Chemical analyses of the chloroform extract show the presence of triterpenes, saponins, flavonoids, sesquiterpene lactones, and glucosides, but no tannins were detected in the assayed extract.

Conclusions

The benefit of Galium mexicanum as a traditional medicinal plant was confirmed using antibacterial and antifungal assays in vitro. We also report for the first time, and to the best of our knowledge, antiparasitic and anti-inflammatory activities of this plant.     

Isolation and structure of homotemsirolimuses A, B, and C

Homotemsirolimuses A, B, and C (2a, 2b, 2c) were found to be minor components of a temsirolimus preparation made from rapamycin. These three temsirolimus analogues are derived from the corresponding rapamycin analogues, homorapamycins A, B, and C (1a, 1b, 1c) produced by the strain Streptomyces hygroscopicus. The structures of homotemsirolimuses A, B, and C were determined by spectroscopic methods. These compounds were tested for mTOR kinase inhibition and in two proliferation assays using LNCap prostate and MDA468 breast cancer cells. The results suggested that the mTOR inhibition and antiproliferation potencies for 2a, 2b, and 2c are comparable to those of rapamycin (1) and temsirolimus (2).     

Antimalarial activity of physalins B, D, F, and G

The antimalarial activities of physalins B, D, F, and G (1-4), isolated from Physalis angulata, were investigated. In silico analysis using the similarity ensemble approach (SEA) database predicted the antimalarial activity of each of these compounds, which were shown using an in vitro assay against Plasmodium falciparum. However, treatment of P. berghei-infected mice with 3 increased parasitemia levels and mortality, whereas treatment with 2 was protective, causing a parasitemia reduction and a delay in mortality in P. berghei-infected mice. The exacerbation of in vivo infection by treatment with 3 is probably due to its potent immunosuppressive activity, which is not evident for 2.     

鲜姜黄挥发油化学成分的GC-MS分析

目的:分析广西产鲜姜黄挥发油的化学成分,为其利用提供科学依据。方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取鲜姜黄挥发油,用GC毛细管柱进行分析,归一化法测定其相对含量,并用GC-MS法鉴定化学成分。结果:检出48个色谱峰,鉴定出48个化合物,占总挥发油的100%。结论:广西产鲜姜黄油的的主要成分是姜烯(16.25%),1,8-桉叶油素(13.52%),芳-姜黄酮(13.55%),姜黄酮(11.19%),β-倍半水芹烯(10.08%),表-α-绿叶烯(6.26%),芳-姜黄烯(5.43%),大根香叶酮(5.02%),γ-松油烯(2.38%),红没药醇(3.59%)。     

蒲公英采收、初加工、贮藏、包装环节的调查

目的:调查不同产地蒲公英的采收、初加工、贮藏、包装现状并进行有效成分的含量评价,了解蒲公英的多个产后环节,为规范化生产提供依据。方法:对多个产区和药材市场进行实地调研,辅以文献查阅和分析,通过实际生产和有效成分的含量综合,探讨影响蒲公英质量的各种因素。结果:归纳总结蒲公英采收、初加工方法、贮藏条件和包装方面的现状以及存在的问题,通过有效成分的含量比较对蒲公英进行了质量评价。蒲公英在生长旺盛期时,绿原酸、咖啡酸、多糖、总黄酮、总皂苷等有效成分的含量普遍较高。结论:蒲公英以人工栽培为主,采收期对蒲公英质量的影响较大。蒲公英市场需求大时,不能为了产量忽视质量。为控制和提升蒲公英的质量,需要从上述多个环节进行质量全过程控制系统的构建,并制定采后标准操作规程。     

Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Structure-Cytotoxicity Relationship of Paridis Rhizome Saponin

The rhizomes of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis and P. polyphylla var. chinensis are used as traditional herbal medicines in many parts of China. The Paridis Rhizome saponin (PRS),as the active ingredient,has played an important role in hemostasis,antibacterial action,and inflammation counteraction,bearing some analogy to Gongxuening and Yunnanbaiyao in efficacy. Modern pharmacological experiments have proved that PRS possesses two main sapogenins: diosgenin and pennogenin,which could provide a lot of clinical treatment effects (anti-oxidation,anti-inflammation,anti-apoptosis,anti-metastasis,and immunostimulant,etc.). In the past,several main steroid saponins have been studied in a number of randomized controlled trials for their effects and mechanisms mainly on antitumor performance. The extensive results have demonstrated that PRS was an effective group of active components to antitumor clinical trials. In this article,we reviewed the reported phytochemical,pharmacological,and toxicological properties of PRS and compared the structure-cytotoxicity relationship of PRS in antitumor effects.