醒脑静注射液对大鼠脑缺血-再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的:研究醒脑静对大鼠脑缺血-再灌注损伤的保护作用及其机制。方法:60只大鼠随机分成6组,即假手术组、模型组、尼莫地平组及醒脑静低(3.33 mL/kg)、中(6.66 mL/kg)、高(10 mL/kg)剂量组,采用改良的线栓法制备大鼠局灶性脑缺血2 h/再灌注24 h损伤模型,醒脑静各组于缺血前30 min和缺血后2 h腹腔注射醒脑静注射液,假手术组和模型组给予等体积的NS,再灌注24 h,用改良的评分法对大鼠进行神经功能缺损评分后,用TTC染色法、伊文思兰法(EB)测定脑梗死范围及血脑屏障的损伤程度,分别测定血清白介素6、白介素1β(IL-6、IL-1β)的含量,脑组织中过氧化酶(MPO)和一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性。结果:醒脑静能减少脑缺血-再灌注后脑梗死体积,减轻神经损伤症状,降低血清IL-6、IL-1β含量和脑组织中MPO、NOS活性。结论:醒脑静能减轻脑缺血-再灌注损伤,其机制可能与炎症介质释放有关。     

茅莓总皂苷对局灶性脑缺血再灌注大鼠脑水肿及血-脑脊液屏障变化的影响

目的：研究茅莓总皂苷(TSRP)对局灶性脑缺血再灌注大鼠脑水肿及血脑屏障通透性的影响。方法：采用线栓法制备大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型,在大鼠脑缺血2 h再灌注6,24,48,72 h分别测定脑含水量和伊文思蓝含量的变化及茅莓总皂苷各剂量组的影响。结果：与模型组比较茅莓总皂苷各剂量组均能不同程度降低脑含水量和伊文思蓝含量。结论：茅莓总皂苷各剂量组显著降低缺血2h再灌注6,24,48,72 h脑水肿和其对血脑屏障通透性,这可能是其减轻I/R时脑水肿的机制之一。     

七十味珍珠丸对脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠血脑屏障的保护作用

目的考察七十味珍珠丸对脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠血脑屏障的保护作用。方法线栓法建立大鼠脑缺血模型,2 h后再灌注。72只大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型对照组、尼莫地平片组(30.00 mg/kg)、七十味珍珠丸组(66.68 mg/kg),每组再分为3个亚组(脑梗死率、血脑屏障通透性、脑组织形态学),于脑缺血再灌注后2、24 h观察神经行为学变化,24 h检测脑梗死率、血清SOD活性和MDA水平、血脑屏障通透性、缺血侧脑组织病理变化和尼氏小体数。结果与模型对照组比较,七十味珍珠丸组显著降低大鼠脑梗死率(P0.01)和缺血侧脑组织伊文思蓝(EB)含有量(P0.05),显著改善神经行为学异常(P0.01),显著增加尼氏小体数(P0.05),脑组织病理变化、SOD活性、MDA水平有改善趋势,但无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论七十味珍珠丸对脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠脑组织有明显保护作用,其机制可能与抑制血脑屏障通透性增加有关。     

醒脑静注射液保护大鼠脑缺血-再灌注损伤及血脑屏障的作用研究

目的:对醒脑静注射液通过改善血脑屏障的通透性进而保护大鼠脑缺血-再灌注损伤的作用进行研究。方法:采用大脑中动脉阻塞法(MACO)建立大鼠局灶性脑缺血-再灌注损伤模型,以神经功能评分、脑梗死体积和脑组织形态学综合评价10、15 mL/kg醒脑静注射液腹腔注射对大脑缺血-再灌注损伤的保护效应,通过静脉注射伊文思蓝考察醒脑静注射液对大鼠血脑屏障通透性的影响,采用免疫组化和Western blot考察脑紧密连接蛋白ZO-1的表达。结果:经神经功能评分、梗死体积分析及HE染色分析脑组织形态学特征,表明以10、15 mL/kg剂量醒腹腔注射脑静注射液能显著减轻大鼠脑缺血-再灌注的损伤,对血脑屏障通透性考察发现醒脑静注射液组大鼠脑内伊文思蓝含量显著低于模型组,且脑紧密连接蛋白ZO-1表达显著高于模型组。结论:醒脑静注射液能逆转大鼠脑缺血-再灌注损伤对血脑屏障的破坏,降低血脑屏障通透性,从而减轻脑组织在缺血-再灌注中的损伤。     

银杏内酯B对大鼠脑缺血-再灌注损伤炎症反应的影响

目的:研究银杏内酯B对大鼠脑缺血-再灌注损伤后炎症的影响。方法:缺血前给予银杏内酯B 2.5、5、10 mg/kg,舌下静脉给药3 d,末次给药1 h后制备大鼠大脑中动脉阻断短暂局灶性缺血模型。脑缺血2 h再灌注24 h后,用TTC染色法、伊文思蓝法(EB)测定脑梗死范围及血脑屏障的损伤程度。分别用放射免疫、酶免疫法测定大脑缺血区肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、血清白介素6(IL-6),血清白介素1β(IL-1β)的含量和E选择素、细胞间黏附分子1(ICAM-1)表达。结果:银杏内酯B能减小脑缺血-再灌注后脑梗死百分比,减轻神经损伤症状,降低脑内TNF-α及血清IL-6,IL-1β含量及E选择素、ICAM-1的表达。结论:银杏内酯B可通过抑制脑缺血-再灌注过程中炎症介质的释放,降低脑缺血-再灌注所致的脑损伤。     

三七总皂苷对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤有效治疗时间窗研究

目的:研究三七总皂苷对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤有效治疗时间窗.方法:采用大鼠大脑中动脉阻断(MCAO)局灶性脑缺血2 h再灌注24 h模型,分别在缺血开始3 h、4 h、5 h和6 h腹腔注射给药,再灌注24 h,评价大鼠神经功能状态、脑水肿、脑梗死范围.结果:缺血开始后3～4 h给药,大鼠神经功能行为评分和脑组织含水量明显减少,脑梗死体积缩小;缺血5 h时三七总皂苷经腹腔注射,疗效下降;缺血开始后6 h给药无明显作用.结论:三七总皂苷对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤有效治疗时间窗不超过5 h.     

黄芪总皂苷合三七总皂苷对实验性脑缺血再灌注脑水肿和脂质过氧化的抑制作用

目的:观察黄芪总皂苷合三七总皂苷(TSA PNS)对实验性脑缺血再灌注脑水肿和脂质过氧化的影响。方法:结扎大鼠的双侧颈总动脉,复制脑缺血再灌注模型,静脉注射给药,观察TSA PNS对再灌注后脑组织含水量、脑血管对伊文思蓝通透性的影响。结扎小鼠的双侧颈总动脉,复制脑缺血再灌注模型,静脉注射给药,观察TSA PNS对手术后12、18、24h脑组织SOD活力、CAT活力和MDA浓度的影响。结果:和假手术组比较,模型动物脑组织含水量、伊文思蓝含量和MDA浓度明显升高(P<0.01),SOD活力、CAT活力明显降低(P<0.01);应用TSA PNS后,可提高SOD活力、CAT活力,降低MDA浓度、脑组织含水量、伊文思蓝含量(P<0.01～0.05)。结论:TSA PNS对脑缺血再灌注导致的脑组织水肿、脑血管的通透性和脂质过氧化反应有抑制作用,提高SOD活力、CAT活力可能是其重要的作用机制。     

山药多糖对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的:探究山药多糖对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的影响。方法:SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、山药多糖1.0 g/kg、2.0 g/kg、3.0g/kg组、尼莫地平20mg/kg组。通过线栓阻断法建立大鼠右侧大脑缺血再灌注模型,从各组脑梗死体积、TUNEL染色、脑组织氧化应激水平(MDA、SOD、MDA)以及炎症因子(IL-10、IL-1β、TNF-α)等方面考察山药多糖对脑缺血再灌注大鼠的影响及作用机制。结果:山药多糖能够改善脑缺血再灌注损伤,且呈现剂量依存关系,2g/kg、3g/kg山药多糖组缺血再灌注损伤大鼠的脑梗死面积显著降低,TUNEL阳性细胞数显著减少,同时SOD和GSH含量显著增高、MDA含量显著降低,而山药多糖各组均能够显著降低IL-10、IL-1β和TNF-α的水平。结论:山药多糖能够有效减少缺血再灌注损伤大鼠脑梗死面积,其作用机制与抑制神经元细胞凋亡,改善脑组织抗氧化能力及抑制炎性细胞因子过度表达有关。     

脉络宁对脑缺血再灌注大鼠血脑屏障通透性的影响研究

目的研究脉络宁(玄参、牛膝、石斛、金银花等)对脑缺血再灌注大鼠血脑屏障通透性的影响,初步探讨其可能的机制。方法 72只成年健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组,模型组,依达拉奉对照组,脉络宁高、中和低剂量组。脑缺血再灌注大鼠模型采用线栓法阻断大脑中动脉缺血2 h后再灌注24 h的方式建立。TTC法测定脑梗死体积;伊文思蓝法检测血脑屏障通透性;Western blot法检测脑微血管内皮细胞紧密连接相关蛋白紧密连接蛋白-1和闭合蛋白的表达。结果脉络宁能显著降低缺血再灌注大鼠脑梗死体积,明显降低血脑屏障通透性,可使紧密连接蛋白-1和闭合蛋白的表达增加。结论脉络宁可降低脑缺血再灌注大鼠血脑屏障通透性的机制可能与上调脑微血管内皮细胞间连接蛋白紧密连接蛋白-1和闭合蛋白的表达有关。     

三七总皂苷对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤保护作用及机制的实验研究

目的：探讨三七总皂苷注射液对局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及机制。方法：40只Wistar大鼠被随机分为4组：假手术组、缺血再灌注损伤模型组、尼莫地平对照（Nim）组、三七总皂苷注射液处理组（PNS）。建立大鼠大脑中动脉缺血再灌注损伤模型，对脑水肿和脑梗死进行测量，并采用硫代巴比妥酸盐法测定MDA含量、邻苯三酚自氧化法测定SOD活性。结果：PNS组与模型组比较，脑组织含水量减少（P〈0．01），脑梗死面积显著减小（P〈0．05）；SOD活力显著升高（P〈0．05），MDA含量显著降低（P〈0．05）。结论：MDA是反映组织损伤程度的物质、SOD是体内重要的内源性保护物质，三七总皂苷注射液可降低缺血脑组织MDA的含量、增加SOD活性而发挥对脑的保护作用。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素

目的建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)直接稀释测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素(Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V、As、Cd和Hg)的方法。方法分别对微波消解条件和测试条件进行考察;样品经微波消解后,采用电感耦合质谱仪测定25种矿物质元素,并对测定方法学进行考察。结果确定最佳消解条件为3步缓慢升温:400 W 80℃升温10 min,保留5 min;600 W 120℃升温10 min,保留5 min;900 W 200℃升温20 min,保留20 min;25种矿物质元素在各自的线性范围内线性关系良好,r≥0.999 6,精密度、稳定性和重复性试验的RSD均符合定量分析要求;加标回收率为94.7%~106.1%,RSD在0.34%~2.79%。脉络宁注射液中检测出Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V,未检出As、Cd和Hg。结论该方法简便、迅速、准确,适用于脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素的同时测定。     

Die Lateralität und Lateralitätsinstabilität in der Diagnostik und Therapie

The disturbance and instability of laterality are obstacles to diagnostics and therapy. Correction prior to starting therapy is required. They also predispose toward defined health problems and unspecific diseases. Numerous research activities provide evidence of the relevance of undisturbed laterality in diagnostics and therapy. Techniques of testing and therapeutic corrections will allow for optimized therapy success.     

Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science Instructions for Authors

The Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science, a journal with an international scope （IS SN 1672-3597, CN 31-1908/R, Bimonthly）, is embodied by ＇Springer Verlag＇ Database, Index Copernicus （IC） and Chinese Scientific and Technical Paper and Citations Data （CSTPCD）. You can search full text on http：//www, springerlink, com/content/1672 -3597.     

Yerba Mate or Paraguay Tea

正Beverages based on Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.are used in the south Brazil and other Latin American countries located at the so-called southern cone.It is known as chimarro or mate in south and southeast Brazil,tererêin     

Ethnopharmacologic study of chinese rhubarb

This paper deals with an interdisciplinary study covering historic, botanical, phytochemical, pharmacological and clinical aspects of rhubarb and related species, to lay stress on the correlation between plant phylogeny, chemical constituents and purgative activity.

It was found that the official rhubarbs were exclusively restricted in the Sect. Palmata e.g. Rheum palmatum R. palmatum var. tanguticum R. officinale; the following criteria may serve as their standard, viz., the presence of sennoside derivatives and rhein, the occurrence of the reduced form of rhein and aloe-emodin, the leaves with any kind of palmate incision. Comprehensive multivariate analyses showed that there is a very close relationship between the leaf incision, existence of sennosides or rhein and purgative activity.     

Wirksamkeit der Akupunktur bei der Therapie von idiopathischen Schmeckstörungen: Eine randomisierte Placebo-kontrollierte Studie

Background

At present, the state-of-the-art medication in treating idiopathic taste disorder (gustatory dysfunction) is zinc. If zinc medication was unsuccessful, not tolerated or if it is contraindicated the persons affected can hardly be helped.

Objectives

In a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial an attempt was made to determine the efficacy of acupuncture.

Methods

The treatment group was treated with acupuncture needles, the placebo group with an inactive acupuncture-laser. Endpoints of the study were changes in the taste test, the quality of life and the severity of symptoms of depression (BDI) as well as mood changes (ZMS). Satisfaction with the success of the respective therapy was also evaluated. Data were collected before and after therapy and again for the treatment group 10 weeks after completion of the treatment period.

Findings

Treatment with real acupuncture showed a significant improvement in gustatory function as well as a significant improvement in psychological symptoms. Greater satisfaction with the treatment results was evident in the treatment group. The treatment results of acupuncture remained stable over a period of ten weeks after completion of the treatment.

Conclusion

Acupuncture was effective in the therapy of idiopathic taste disorders and therefore it is an effective alternative when zinc medication is not tolerated or unsuccessful. But it is also suitable as a therapy of first choice. Acupuncture can be considered as an extension of the therapeutic spectrum in the difficult treatment of taste disorders.     

Veränderungen der Herzratenvariabilität (HRV) während Low Level Lasernadelakupunktur: Placebokontrollierte Studie an 19 herzgesunden Probanden

Background

Experimental and clinical studies postulate a neurobiological mechanism of acupuncture by modulating central pain systems, neurohormones and -transmitters. It seems to be quite likely that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays an important mediating role in this neuromodulation.

Aim

In measuring heart rate variability (HRV), as a non-invasive approach to the ANS-function, the object of this study was to monitor probable acupuncture-induced changes of autonomic balance. The innovative technology of laser-needle acupuncture offers for the first time a stimulation method which fulfils the demands on a placebo-controlled acupuncture trial not requiring controversial sham acupuncture.

Method

19 healthy voluntary subjects underwent 3 treatments in randomized sequence, consisting of placebo-, 1-point- (PC 6) and simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle-stimulation over 20 minutes. Before, during and after placebo-/verum laser-needle acupuncture, HRV-data for normalized HF(high frequency)- and LF(low frequency)-Power (nHF, nLF) and their quotient nLF/nHF obtained by power spectrum analysis (FFT), were measured and analyzed statistically at 5 different time points (ANOVA repeated measures, p < 0,05).

Results

During both verum applications, the 1-point- (PC 6) as well as the simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle stimulation, significant changes of the ANS-activity were found in comparison to the placebo application. The most significant modification of HRV was an increase of nHF (p < 0,05 (PC 6), p < 0,0001 (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3)) as an expression of growing vagal activity during acupuncture.

Conclusion

Laser-needle acupuncture causes in 1-point-stimulation (PC 6) as well as in simultaneous 3-point-stimulation (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) significant changes in HRV in comparison to placebo application. HRV-monitoring seems to be a suitable approach in exploration of acupuncture-induced changes of ANS and could possibly be established in combination with laser needle acupuncture as a standard for further scientific and clinical acupuncture investigations which are greatly needed.     

瑞香科五属植物中酚性聚合物的结构特征、分布及药理活性研究进展

瑞香科植物广泛分布于世界热带和温带地区,其中多种植物可供药用。在对该科植物的研究中发现,黄酮类、木脂素和香豆素等酚性化合物的低聚体为其重要的特征性成分,药理活性主要表现在抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗氧化、抗菌和抗病毒等方面。对已发现的酚性聚合体的化学结构、植物来源及药理活性进行综述,为瑞香科植物今后的研究和开发利用提供参考。     

HPLC法同时测定沉香化滞丸中11种成分

目的采用HPLC梯度洗脱法同时测定沉香化滞丸中沉香四醇、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、和厚朴酚、大黄素、厚朴酚、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚11种成分。方法采用Thermo Syncronis C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为水-乙腈,梯度洗脱:0～10 min,20%乙腈;10～20 min,20%～40%乙腈;20～24 min,40%乙腈;24～26 min,40%～52%乙腈;26～30 min,52%乙腈;30～31 min,52%～90%乙腈;31～35 min,90%乙腈;35～40 min,90%～100%乙腈;40～43min,100%乙腈;43～45min,100%～20%乙腈;检测波长215nm,体积流量1.0m L/min,柱温30℃,进样量20μL。结果各成分在43 min内分离良好,沉香四醇、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、和厚朴酚、大黄素、厚朴酚、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚的线性范围分别为1.4～13.6、10.0～200.0、31.5～315.0、1.0～120.1、1.8～50.6、0.93～10.1、1.8～30.0、0.2～40.3、1.8～18.1、1.7～25.0、0.45～10.70μg/mL;样品中各成分的平均回收率均在98.90%～100.87%;11种成分精密度RSD在0.55%～1.54%;供试品溶液在30 h内稳定性良好,RSD在0.75%～1.94%;重复性RSD在0.39%～1.73%。6批次样品中沉香四醇、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、和厚朴酚、大黄素、厚朴酚、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚质量分数分别为92.0～201.0、511.5～9 033.0、5 475.0～12 635.5、54.5～5 095.5、192.0～2 137.5、117.0～391.5、106.5～1 281.5、13.0～136.5、93.5～199.0、177.0～1 207.0、33.5～251.5μg/g。结论本方法准确、快速、简便,重复性好,精密度高,适用于沉香化滞丸中多种活性成分的定量分析。