高良姜与生姜提取物生物活性的比较

为了开发预防生活习惯病以及具有抗癌作用的物质,与生姜比较探讨了高良姜的水及乙醇提取物的生物活性。 方法:高良姜及生姜用水或乙醇加热提取8h,过滤,滤液减压浓缩,分别得到水及乙醇提取物,按照文献报道的方法探讨了各种生物活性。     

生姜超临界提取物标准指纹图谱研究

目的：建立生姜超临界提取物的标准指纹图谱。方法：采用HPLC,选用依利特C₁₈色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm),以乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL·min^-1,检测波长278 nm,柱温25 ℃。结果：精密度、稳定性、重现性各实验图谱的相似度均大于0.9。结论：可以将生姜超临界提取物的指纹图谱检查列入质量控制标准。     

生姜醇提取物抗氧化与抗缺氧作用的研究

目的 :研究生姜乙醇提取物 (EZE)抗氧化清除自由基的作用 ,观察其对小鼠缺氧耐受及体重增长的影响。方法 :用乙醇从生姜中提取抗氧化有效成分 ,测定EZE对·OH的抑制率及清除率 ;测定EZE对急性缺氧小鼠的标准耐受时间及体重增长的影响。结果 :EZE对·OH有显著的抑制和清除作用 ,与甘露醇比较P<0.01。当浓度为 2.09g·L^-1时 ,抑制率及清除率均达 90%以上。EZE可以延长急性缺氧小鼠的标准耐受时间 ,且随剂量增大作用增强。EZE不影响小鼠体重的增长 ,但多次反复缺氧会减缓小鼠体重的增长。结论 :EZE对·OH有较强的抑制和清除作用 ,可以显著地延长急性缺氧小鼠的缺氧耐受时间 ,提示EZE将可能成为一种具有抗氧化作用的天然抗缺氧药物。     

生姜醇提取物抗肿瘤机制研究进展

恶性肿瘤对人类健康的威胁已日趋严重,但目前临床上的西药因其毒副作用大,长期疗效欠佳,价格不菲而让许多肿瘤患者丧失了治疗机会.生姜醇提取物作为人们日常调料的一种提取物,有着无毒、来源广泛,价格低廉等优点.近年来,研究者们发现其具有抗肿瘤活性,但其作用机制却不甚明了,现就目前国内外对于生姜醇提取物抗肿瘤的可能机制做一综合概述.     

生姜醇提取物抗肿瘤机制研究进展

目的：探讨高龄患者腹部手术后并发症的防治及护理。方法：将50例进行过腹部手术的高龄患者随机均分成两组,对照组25例给予常规护理,研究组25例患者在进行常规护理的基础上给予有针对性的护理干预,将两组患者手术并发症发生率及护理满意度进行统计分析。结果：研究组较对照组在手术并发症及患者护理满意度方面比较差异均显著P〈0．05,具有统计学意义。结论：高龄患者腹部手术后加强护理可以明显降低各种并发症的发病率,提高患者满意度。     

生姜醇提取物抗肿瘤机制研究进展

恶性肿瘤对人类健康的威胁已日趋严重,但目前临床上的西药因其毒副作用大,长期疗效欠佳,价格不菲而让许多肿瘤患者丧失了治疗机会.生姜醇提取物作为人们日常调料的一种提取物,有着无毒、来源广泛,价格低廉等优点.近年来,研究者们发现其具有抗肿瘤活性,但其作用机制却不甚明了,现就目前国内外对于生姜醇提取物抗肿瘤的可能机制做一综合概述.     

生姜超临界提取物中6-姜酚含量测定方法研究

目的:建立生姜超临界提取物中6-姜酚的含量测定方法。方法:采用HPLC法,以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂,以乙腈-水(40∶60)为流动相,流速1.0mL/mL,检测波长为280nm,柱温25°C。结果:精密度实验RSD为2.24;稳定性实验RSD为1.57;重现性实验RSD为1.13;6-姜酚线性范围1.10～14.3μg,r为0.99997;平均加样回收率97.89,RSD=1.21。结论:该方法灵敏、准确、重现性好,可作为生姜超临界提取物中6-姜酚的含量测定方法收入质量控制标准。     

桦褐孔菌石油醚提取物的抗肿瘤作用研究

目的探讨桦褐孔菌石油醚提取物(Inonotus Obliquus Petroleum ether Extracts,IOPE)抗肿瘤作用。方法体外实验采用MTT法测定了IOPE对Hela肿瘤细胞的抑制率。体内实验,将接种S180肿瘤细胞后的小鼠随机分为5组,每组10只,给予IOPE 10d,停药后24 h处死动物,称体重,摘出肿瘤,测定肿瘤抑制率、脾指数、胸腺指数、淋巴细胞转化率、NK细胞活性。结果在体外,IOPE对Hela肿瘤细胞具有毒性作用;体内实验表明中大剂量IOPE对荷瘤小鼠肿瘤生长具有抑制作用,可增加脾指数及胸腺指数,对体外淋巴细胞转化功能和NK细胞活性亦有增强作用。结论桦褐孔菌石油醚提取物具有明显的抗肿瘤活性。     

银杏叶提取物双重抗氧化作用的研究

目的:抗氧化物质一般通过诱导抗氧化酶的表达或直接与自由基发生反应这两种方式发挥作用,银杏叶提取物(EGb)的抗氧化作用是通过哪种途径值得研究.在本研究中,我们在体外对两种途径进行了测试.方法:EGb作用于细胞,用Western-blot检测其对抗氧化酶GST-P1和GCLC的诱导作用;用相应的功能检测法测定EGb在体外直接清除超氧阴离子及羟自由基、抑制大鼠红细胞溶血及大鼠肝组织的脂质过氧化的作用.结果:EGb可诱导抗氧化酶GST-P1和GCLC的表达,并能直接清除超氧阴离子及羟自由基、抑制大鼠红细胞溶血及大鼠肝组织的脂质过氧化.结论:EGb具有诱导抗氧化酶表达及直接清除自由基的双重抗氧化作用.     

竹叶提取物抗氧化作用研究

目的:观察口服竹叶提取物对老龄大鼠的抗氧化作用.方法:测定给药后大鼠红细胞SOD和全血GSH-Px及肾上腺内维生素C(VitC)含量.结果:竹叶提取物150、300mg/kg连续用药30天能升高大鼠红细胞SOD、全血GSH-Px酶活力,且能降低大鼠肾上腺皮质中VitC含量.结论:竹叶提取物能增强老龄大鼠机体抗氧化能力及提高肾上腺皮质的功能.     

Anxiolytic and antiemetic activity of Zingiber officinale

The benzene fraction (BF) of a petroleum ether extract of dried rhizomes of ginger, which contained anticonvulsant principle(s), was screened for anxiolytic and antiemetic activity. Motor coordination was not affected by BF per se, but diazepam-induced motor incoordination was potentiated. Animals treated with BF showed decreased occupancy in the closed arm of the elevated plus maze suggesting the presence of anxiolytic principles in the BF. BF also blocked lithium sulphate-induced conditioned place aversion indicating antiemetic activity. These findings suggest that the fraction (BF) possesses anticonvulsant, anxiolytic and antiemetic activity.     

Effects of combining extracts (from propolis or Zingiber officinale) with clarithromycin on Helicobacter pylori

Propolis and Zingiber officinale have been shown to be specifically targeted against Helicobacter pylori strains, to possess antiinflammatory, antioxidant and antitumoral activity and to be used in traditional medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal ailments. Considering that these natural products could potentially serve as novel therapeutic tools also in combination with an antibiotic, the aim of this work was to evaluate their effect when combined with clarithromycin on clinical H. pylori isolates (n = 25), characterized in respect to both clarithromycin susceptibility and the presence of the cagA gene. The results showed that the combinations of propolis extract + clarithromycin and Z. officinale extract + clarithromycin exhibited improved inhibition of H. pylori with synergistic or additive activity. Interestingly, the susceptibility to combinations was significantly independent of the microbial clarithromycin susceptibility status. Only one H. pylori strain showed antagonism towards the Z. officinale extract + clarithromycin combination. The data demonstrate that combinations of propolis extract + clarithromycin and Z. officinale extract + clarithromycin have the potential to help control H. pylori-associated gastroduodenal disease.     

Structural Elements and Cough Suppressing Activity of Polysaccharides from Zingiber officinale Rhizome

Zingiber officinale is used for the management of fever, bronchial asthma and cough for thousands of years. While the link to a particular indication has been established in human, the active principle of the formulation remains unknown. Herein, we have investigated a water extracted polysaccharides (WEP) containing fraction from its rhizome. Utilizing a traditional aqueous extraction protocol and using chemical, chromatographic and spectroscopic methods a fraction containing a branched glucan and polygalaturonan in a ratio of 59:1 was characterized. This glucan, which has a molecular mass of 36 kDa, is made up of terminal‐, (1,4)‐ and (1,4,6)‐linked α‐Glcp residues. Oral administration of WEP in doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg body weight significantly inhibited the number of citric acid‐induced cough efforts in guinea pigs. It does not alter the specific airway smooth muscle reactivity significantly. Thus, traditional aqueous extraction method provides molecular entities, which induces antitussive activity without addiction. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

龙胆泻肝汤对氧自由基和由羟自由基诱导的脂质过氧化的影响

目的 探讨龙胆泻肝汤对氧自由基和由羟自由基诱导的批质过氧化的影响。方法 用邻苯三酚自氧化反应产生超氧阴离子自由基和Ｆｅｎｔｏｎ反应产生羟自由基,收羟自由基诱导大鼠虹膜睫状体组织匀浆的脂质过氧化反应。结果 龙胆泻肝汤对超氧阴离子自由基具有清除作用,并优于抗坏血酸;对羟自由基具有清除作用,对羟自由基诱导的批质过氧化具有抑制作用并强于甘露醇。结论 龙胆泻肝汤泻肝胆实火,清下焦湿热的机理可能与其清除氧自由     

桂西生姜总黄酮的提取及对羟自由基的清除作用研究

目的探讨桂西生姜总黄酮的提取、鉴别及对羟自由基清除作用,以充分利用桂西生姜植物资源,避免资源的浪费。方法采用超声波乙醇浸提法从桂西生姜中提取黄酮类物质,对所提取的黄酮类物质进行验证,并用分光光度法测定含量,用桂西生姜总黄酮对羟自由基清除作用进行实验。结果测得样品中总黄酮的含量C=0.9573 mg/ml,回收率为101.8%,其纯度和产率均较高。结论该方法采用全物理过程,无任何污染,是提取桂西生姜黄酮类物质的有效途径。桂西生姜总黄酮提取液对Fenton体系产生的.OH自由基有很好的清除作用。     

干姜制备过程中挥发油化学成分变化的研究

目的考察干姜制备过程中挥发油化学成分的变化。方法在干姜制备过程中定时取样,采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取姜挥发油,用GC-MS分析姜中挥发油化学成分。结果在干姜制备过程中,姜含水量为99.16%时,鉴定出69个化学成分,含水量为4.75%时,鉴定出26个化学成分,共有化学成分25个。结论在干姜制备过程中,随着姜中水分逐渐减少,姜中挥发油的含量逐渐下降,化学成分发生较大变化。     

A systematic review of the anti‐obesity and weight lowering effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and its mechanisms of action

Recently, the beneficial effects of ginger on obesity is taken into consideration. Albeit, it seems that the anti‐obesity effect of ginger and its mechanism of action has not yet been reviewed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to systematically review the effect of Zingiber officinale Roscoe on obesity management. Databases including PubMed, Scopus, Google scholar, and Science Direct were searched from 1995 until May 2017 using the definitive keywords. Searching was limited to articles with English language. All of the relevant human and animal studies and also in vitro studies were included. Review articles, abstract in congress, and also other varieties of ginger were excluded. Eligibility of included articles were evaluated by 3 reviewers, which also extracted data. Articles were critically assessed individually for possible risk of bias. Twenty‐seven articles (6 in vitro, 17 animal, and 4 human studies) were reviewed. Most of the experimental studies supported the weight lowering effect of ginger extract or powder in obese animal models, whereas the results of the available limited clinical studies showed no changes or slight changes of anthropometric measurements and body composition in subjects with obesity. Ginger could modulate obesity through various potential mechanisms including increasing thermogenesis, increasing lipolysis, suppression of lipogenesis, inhibition of intestinal fat absorption, and controlling appetite. This review article provides some convincing evidence to support the efficacy of ginger in obesity management and demonstrates the importance of future clinical trials.     

Protective effects of Zingiber officinale (Zingiberaceae) against carbon tetrachloride and acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in rats

The effect of the ethanol extract of the rhizome of Zingiber officinale was tested against carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) and acetaminophen-induced liver toxicities in rats. Increases in serum and liver marker enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase as well as sorbitol and glutamate dehydrogenases were produced in normal rats that were not pretreated with the extract. However, extract-pretreated rats attenuated in a dose-dependent manner, CCl(4) and acetaminophen-induced increases in the activities of ALT, AST, ALP, LDH and SDH in the blood serum. The protective effect of the extract on CCl(4) and acetaminophen-induced damage was confirmed by histopathological examination of the liver. These results indicate that the oil from the rhizome of Zingiber officinale could be useful in preventing chemically induced acute liver injury.     

超临界 CO2流体萃取法与水蒸气蒸馏法提取干姜片挥发油化学成分的比较

采用超临界CO2流体萃取法与水蒸气蒸馏法从干姜片中提取挥发油,用归一化法测定其百分含量,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其化学成分进行鉴定。超临界CO2萃取法提取的挥发油共鉴定了47种成分,占挥发油总成分的72％以上;水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油共鉴定了53种成分,占挥发油总成分的89％以上。提示超临界CO2流体萃取法与水蒸气蒸馏法相比,萃取过程短、温度低、提取系统密闭、挥发油的收率大大提高。     

核桃仁抗超氧阴离子自由基能力的研究

目的　探讨核桃仁清除超氧阴离子自由基 (O·-2 )的能力。方法　用AP -TEMED系统产生O·-2 ,比色法测定其浓度 ,比较不同品种核桃仁水提液及维生素C存在时O·-2 浓度的变化 ,并计算其清除率。结果　标准管O·-2 浓度为 (2 .7± 0 .0 6 1) μmol/L ,O·-2 清除率为 0 ,加核桃仁后O·-2 总浓度为 (1.87± 0 .13) μmol/L ,O·-2 清除率为 (30 .86± 6 .2 7) % ;加维生素C后O·-2浓度为 (0 .16± 0 .14 ) μmol/L ,O·-2 清除率为 93.97% ;加两种不同品种的核桃仁后O·-2 浓度分别为 (1.4 8± 0 .2 3) μmol/L和 (2 .2 6± 0 .0 2 ) μmol/L ,O·-2 清除率分别为 (45 .2 9± 9.0 2 ) %和 (16 .4 1±3 5 1) % ,比较均有明显差别 ,P <0 .0 0 1。结论　核桃仁体外有明显的清除O·-2 能力 ,且不同品种间有明显差异