白花蛇舌草的免疫学调节活性和抗肿瘤活性

目的：研究白花蛇舌草的免疫学调节活性和抗肿瘤活性。方法：用^3H介入法分析了白花蛇舌草提取物（Oldenlandia diffusa extract,ODE）对小鼠脾细胞的增殖活性；用^51Cr游离实验测定了小鼠和人杀伤细胞对肿瘤细胞的特异性杀伤活性，用ELISA法和生物法研究了B细胞抗体的以及单核细胞的细胞因子产生，并用^3H介入法分析了单核细胞对肿瘤细胞的吞噬功能；用层析法、蛋白酶消化法和糖分解处理（即NaIO4处理）分析了白花舌草的化学成分。结果：ODE对小鼠脾细胞的增殖活性有很强的促进作用；ODE增强小鼠和人杀伤细胞对肿瘤细胞的特异性杀伤活性，增强B细胞抗体的产生以及单核细胞的细胞因子产生，并增强单核细胞对肿瘤细胞的吞噬功能，白花蛇舌草的化学成分为90道尔顿的糖蛋白。结论：ODE对小鼠的人有免疫调节作用，并通过刺激机体的免疫系统杀伤或蚕噬肿瘤细胞，这些活性可应用于临床调节免疫功能和治疗肿瘤等疾病。     

白附子对人T细胞和单核细胞的调节活性

目的：研究中药白附子的免疫学调节活性。方法：用^3H介入法测定了中药白附子提取物（Rhizoma typhonii extract,RTE)对小鼠脾细胞和人淋巴细胞的增殖活性；用绵羊红细胞花结形成试验分离纯化淋巴细胞后，检测了RTE的效应细胞；用^51Cr游离实验测定了人杀伤细胞和自然杀伤细胞的杀伤活性，用ELISA法和生物法研究了单核细胞的细胞因子产生，并用^3H介入法分析了单核细胞对肿瘤细胞的吞噬功能；用层析法分析了白附子的化学成分，并用SDS－PAGE法测定了其有效成分的分子量。结果：RTE对小鼠脾细胞和人淋巴细胞的增殖活性有很强的促进作用，并有较好的量效关系；RTE的效应细胞是T细胞；RTE增强人杀伤细胞对肿瘤细胞的特异性杀伤活性和自然杀伤细胞的非特异性杀伤活性、增强单核细胞的细胞因子（肿瘤坏死因子和白细胞介素1）产生，并增强单核细胞对肿瘤细胞的吞噬功能。白附子的化学成分为66道尔顿的糖蛋白。结论：RTE对人的T细胞和单核细胞有免疫增强作用，并通过刺激机体的免疫系统杀伤或吞噬肿瘤细胞和外来抗原，这些活性可应用于临床调节免疫功能和治疗肿瘤等疾病。     

红花多糖对人PBMC增殖活性及NK、LAK细胞杀伤活性的影响

目的:探讨红花多糖(Safflower polysaccharide,SPS)体外对人外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)的增殖作用及对NK细胞、LAK细胞杀伤活性的影响。方法:采集健康成人外周血,常规分离PBMC,体外与不同浓度的SPS共同培养,用3H-TdR法检测PBMC的增殖活性;MTT法检测NK、LAK细胞的杀伤活性。结果:SPS对PBMC增殖有促进作用,其促增殖作用呈现量效依赖性,以1.25mg.mL-1和0.625mg.mL-1剂量组促增殖作用明显(P0.05);SPS对NK细胞与LAK细胞的杀伤活性都有明显的提升作用(P0.05)。结论:SPS可促进PBMC的增殖,增强NK细胞、LAK细胞的杀伤活性,增强免疫功能。     

柑橘提取物诺必擂停抑制肝癌增殖的免疫学机制

目的研究诺必擂停（NOB）对小鼠肝癌移植瘤Heps的作用及其免疫学机制。方法建立小鼠肝癌移植瘤Heps实体型模型，解剖剥离肿瘤称重，计算抑瘤率；通过迟发性超敏反应观察整体细胞免疫机能；用MTT法检测T、B淋巴细胞增殖反应；乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）释放法检测CTL、NK细胞杀伤活性。结果NOB灌胃给药对小鼠肝癌Heps有明显抑制作用；显著提高了荷瘤小鼠降低的迟发性超敏反应；荷瘤小鼠T、B淋巴细胞增殖反应明显提高；同时CTL、NK细胞杀伤活性显著增强。结论提高机体免疫功能可能是NOB抗小鼠肝癌移植瘤Heps增殖的一个重要途径。     

针刺对中风病人免疫功能的影响

目的：观察针刺对中风病人免疫功能的影响。方法：选择中风病人作为观察对象,针刺百会、大椎、关元、肩禺、曲渚、环跳、风市、足三里、阳陵泉、太冲等穴,测定免疫球蛋白IgG、IgA、IgM、T和B淋巴细胞、淋巴细胞增殖功能、自钉杀伤细胞（NK）活性。结果：针刺后中风病人PBMC中CD^ 25细胞率趋于正常（P＜0.001）。淋转率和NK活性明显增高（P＜0.01）。结论：针刺对中风病人的细胞免疫功能有增强作用。     

中药合剂对烧伤患者外周血T淋巴细胞增殖和白细胞介素2产生的调理作用

目的：探讨中药合剂对烧伤患者细胞介导的免疫功能的调理作用。方法：用３种中药配成合剂治疗烧伤患者，并测定外周血Ｔ淋巴细胞增殖反应和白细胞介素２（ＩＬ ２）产生能力，以判定其疗效。结果：服药后５天外周血Ｔ淋巴细胞开始回升，１０～２０天增殖反应明显；ＩＬ ２产生能力与Ｔ淋巴细胞增殖反应一致（Ｐ＜００５或Ｐ＜００１）。结论：中药合剂对烧伤患者细胞介导的免疫功能有调理作用。     

具抗肿瘤作用的分枝侧耳提取物

WU2006038527-A1 以分枝侧耳（拟）Pleurotus cornucopiae var.citrinopileatus（又名branched oyster mushroom）的热水提取物为活性成分的抗肿瘤免疫促进剂具有以下作用：1．抑制肿瘤细胞生长；2．提高具有免疫促进作用的细胞素的产生；3．抑制具有免疫抑制作用的T细胞的增殖；4．激活人体对抗肿瘤的免疫性。     

复芪止汗颗粒对小鼠免疫功能影响的实验研究

目的：探讨复芪止汗颗粒对小鼠非特异性免疫和特异性免疫的调节作用。方法：取正常昆明种小鼠40只,雌雄各半,随机分为4组,正常对照组、环磷酰胺模型组、黄芪颗粒组和复芪止汗颗粒组,每组10只。腹腔注射环磷酰胺制备免疫低下小鼠模型。测定胸腺、脾脏质量并计算出小鼠胸腺指数、脾指数;腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬中性红法检测单核-巨噬细胞的吞噬功能;血清溶血素法测定体液免疫功能;脾淋巴细胞增殖实验法测定细胞免疫功能;乳酸脱氢酶释放法测定NK细胞杀伤活性;流式细胞法检测T淋巴细胞亚群的数量。结果：复芪止汗颗粒可显著提高被环磷酰胺抑制的小鼠胸腺指数和脾脏指数;使巨噬细胞吞噬功能明显增加;使血清溶血素水平增高;并能拮抗环磷酰胺对小鼠脾脏T淋巴细胞增殖、杀伤活性、T细胞亚群数量产生的免疫抑制作用。结论：复芪止汗颗粒能增强环磷酰胺所致免疫功能低下小鼠非特异性免疫和特异性免疫功能。     

白细胞减少症的中医治疗浅识

白细胞是人体免疫系统的重要组成部分，具有极其重要的免疫功能。例如：NK细胞是一群具有自然杀伤能力的淋巴细胞，它不需要抗原的激活可直接杀伤肿瘤细胞、病毒感染细胞、对正常组织细胞无杀伤作用，它对于机体免疫监视发挥重要作用，在抗肿瘤免疫中作用突出。另外，单核细胞和巨噬细胞可以吞噬进入人体的病原微生物以及衰老、损伤和死亡的细胞，并可杀伤肿瘤细胞，在机体抗感染免疫、自身稳定以及免疫监视中具有重要的免疫防御功能。     

铁皮石斛颗粒增强免疫功能作用研究

目的：研究铁皮石斛颗粒（TPSH）对荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的增强作用。方法：ICR小鼠腋窝皮下接种S180肿瘤细胞悬液，次日分组给予TPSH0．67、2、6g／kg，连续12天，测定巨噬细胞的吞噬功能、T淋巴细胞的增殖与分化、NK细胞的活性及血清溶血素水平。结果：TPSH能明显提高荷瘤小鼠巨噬细胞的吞噬功能，促进T淋巴细胞的增殖与分化，提高NK细胞的活性及提高血清半数溶血值HC50水平。结论：TPSH具有一定的增强荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的作用。     

Armillariella mellea induces maturation of human dendritic cells without induction of cytokine expression

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Armillariella mellea, an edible and medicinal mushroom possessing immuno-modulating potential, has been frequently used for the treatment of infectious diseases or cancers. AIM OF THE STUDY: In order to elucidate immune-regulatory mechanisms of Armillariella mellea, we investigated the effect of water-soluble components from Armillariella mellea (AME) on the regulation of human dendritic cell (DC) maturation and activation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Immature DCs (iDCs) were prepared by differentiating human peripheral blood CD14-positive cells with GM-CSF and IL-4. Then, iDCs were treated with AME at 2-20mug/ml for 48h and subjected to flow cytometry to analyze the expression of DC markers. Dextran-FITC uptake assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were performed to examine the endocytic capacity of AME-stimulated DC and their production of cytokines, respectively. RESULTS: iDCs stimulated with AME showed representative features during DC maturation such as up-regulated expression of CD80, CD83, CD86, both MHC class I and II molecules, and CD205, with a simultaneous decrease in the expression of CD206 and the endocytic capacity. Interestingly, AME was not able to induce the production of TNF-alpha, IL-12p40, or IL-10, whereas lipopolysaccharides induced a substantial increase of all of the cytokines. CONCLUSION: Armillariella mellea induces maturation of human DCs through a unique mechanism without inducing cytokine expression.     

In vitro immunomodulatory activities of a newly concocted traditional Chinese medicine formula: VI-28

Previous studies have suggested that Vigconic VI-28, an anti-aging traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula containing Radix Ginseng and Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum, possesses immunological efficacy. This in vitro study further investigated the immunomodulatory effects of the hot water extracts of VI-28. The study included (1) colorimetric 5-bromo-2'-deoxy-uridine proliferation ELISA for estimating mitogenicity in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), (2) immunofluorescence staining for measuring the expression of IL-2 receptor alpha (CD25) on lymphocytes, (3) cytometric bead array (CBA) for quantifying cytokine liberation from PBMC, and (4) intracellular immunophenotyping for macrophage phagocytosis and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) production from monocytes. The results demonstrated that VI-28 (1) could dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation of unstimulated and lipopolysaccharide-activated PBMC but enhanced the proliferation of phytohemagglutinin-activated PBMC at concentrations of <1 mg/mL, (2) significantly augmented the expression of CD25 on lymphocytes at concentrations of 0.4 mg/mL or above (p < 0.05), (3) dose dependently (0.1-1.0 mg/mL) activated macrophage phagocytosis and monocyte synthesis of H(2)O(2) and (4) significantly increased the production of cytokines IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 and IL-1beta at various concentrations of VI-28 (p < 0.05). The results suggest that VI-28 is a potential immunomodulator which probably acts through the activation of lymphocytes and monocytes.     

Seselin from Plumbago zeylanica inhibits phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated cell proliferation in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Effects of seselin (C(14)H(12)O(3); MW 228) identified from Plumbago zeylanica on phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated cell proliferation were studied in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The data demonstrated that seselin inhibited PBMC proliferation-activated with PHA with an IC(50) of 53.87+/-0.74 microM. Cell viability test indicated that inhibitory effects of seselin on PBMC proliferation were not through direct cytotoxicity. The action mechanisms of seselin may involve the regulation of cell cycle progression, interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production in PBMC. Since cell cycle analysis indicated that seselin arrested the cell cycle progression of activated PBMC from the G(1) transition to the S phase. Seselin suppressed IL-2 and IFN-gamma production in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, seselin significantly decreased the IL-2 and IFN-gamma gene expression in PHA-activated PBMC. Therefore, results elucidated for the first time that seselin is likely an immunomodulatory agent for PBMC.     

Neem leaf preparation induces apoptosis of tumor cells by releasing cytotoxic cytokines from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

A neem leaf preparation (NLP) was investigated for its role in the induction of tumor cell apoptosis to elucidate the mechanism of NLP mediated immunoprophylaxis in tumor growth restriction. As NLP did not induce direct apoptosis of human tumor cell lines KB, MCF7 and K562, it was used instead to stimulate human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) for 72 h. The PBMC derived culture supernatant (NLP-CS) was observed to induce the restriction of tumor cell proliferation as well as apoptosis. An enzyme linked immunosorbant assay revealed the presence of cytotoxic cytokines, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, in the NLP-CS. The inhibition of secretion of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha in NLP-CS caused a significant decrease in tumor cell apoptosis. Furthermore, stimulation of these tumor cells with NLP-CS resulted in upregulation of the caspase 3 and downregulation of the Bcl 2 and cyclin D1. These observations suggested that NLP could induce tumor cellular apoptosis by releasing cytotoxic cytokines from human PBMC.     

莲必治注射液(穿心莲内酯)对免疫功能的调节作用

目的 :研究穿心莲内酯对免疫功能的影响 ,探索其发挥治疗作用的免疫机制。方法 :采用生物活性法和ELISA法检测用有效成分为穿心莲内酯的莲必治注射液处理人外周血单个核细胞上清中的IFN-α ,IFN-γ ,TNF-α,IL-8含量 ;用单核巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞来研究其促吞噬功能及用LDH释放法检测其对NK细胞杀伤活性的影响。结果 :和空白对照组比 ,莲必治注射液作用外周血单个核细胞能显著诱导IFN-α ,IFN γ ,TNF-α产生 (P<0.05) ,但对IL-8诱生无明显影响 ,甚至轻度抑制。莲必治注射液能提高 豚鼠腹腔单核巨噬细胞对鸡红细胞的吞噬百分率 (P<0.05)及提高人外周血中NK细胞杀伤K562 细胞的活性 (P<0.05)。结论 :穿心莲内酯是一种具有调节机体非特异免疫功能的免疫刺激剂 ,通过对NK ,MΦ及细胞因子分泌的影响而发挥免疫调节作用。     

Ginseng total saponin enhances the phagocytic capacity of canine peripheral blood phagocytes in vitro

The clinical and pharmacological activities of ginseng are known to modulate immune function, metabolic processes and neuro-endocrine system activities. Ginseng saponins are the principle active ingredients in the formation of immune stimulating complexes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of ginseng total saponin (GTS) on the phagocytic capacity of canine peripheral blood phagocytes. GTS itself did not cause any direct effect on the phagocytic capacity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) but not peripheral blood monocytes. However, the phagocytic capacity of PMN and monocytes, but not PBMC, was enhanced by the culture supernatant from PBMC treated with GTS. The phagocytic capacity of PMN and monocytes was also increased by treatment with recombinant canine (rc) tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. The ability of the culture supernatant from GTS-treated PBMC to stimulate the phagocytic capacity of phagocytes was inhibited by addition of anti-rc TNF-alpha polyclonal antibody (pAb) prior to the culture. The amount of TNF-alpha in the culture supernatant from PBMC was shown to increase upon treatment of GTS as compared with that of vehicle-treated PBMC culture supernatant. These results suggest that GTS has an immunoenhancing effect on the phagocytic capacity of canine peripheral blood phagocytes, which is mainly mediated by TNF-alpha released from GTS-stimulated PBMC.     

Effect of Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) flavone on immune system: an in-vitro approach

There are several reports, which suggest that the consumption of foods rich in flavonoids is associated with a lower incidence of certain degenerative diseases, including cardiovascular disease. Flavones, of Seabuckthorn (SBT) (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) fruit berry can modulate the production and level of several signaling molecules associated with immune function and inflammation in vitro, including several cytokines. We have evaluated the immunomodulatory activity of ethanolic solution of SBT flavone (FLV) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The SBT flavone was found to stimulate production of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in PBMCs. However, increased expressions of p-IkappaB, NF-kappaB, and p-p38 were found in flavone-treated human PBMCs with significantly suppressed expression of CD25 (IL-2R). There was no alteration found in the nitric oxide (NO) production in mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. These observations suggest that stimulation of IL-6 and TNF-alpha secretion may contribute to the putative beneficial effects of dietary flavone against microbial infection.     

黄芪多糖诱导成熟的树突状细胞肿瘤疫苗体外抗肿瘤作用的实验研究

目的探讨经黄芪多糖（astragalus polysacharin,APS）诱导成熟的树突状细胞（dendritic cell,DC）肿瘤疫苗体外抗肿瘤作用及其机制。方法分离人外周血单个核细胞（peripheral blood mononuclear cell,PBMC）,制备DC细胞,加入营养液体外诱导为未成熟的DC细胞,培养第5天,黄芪多糖组加入终浓度为100μg/mL的黄芪多糖,细胞因子组加入终浓度为20 ng/mL重组人肿瘤坏死因子（rhTNF）-α诱导DC成熟,观察树突状细胞形态及表型变化;成熟DC以SGC-7901肿瘤抗原致敏,与同种异体T细胞共培养,采用MTT法检测T淋巴细胞增殖功能,E LISA法检测共培养上清IL-12、IFN-γ水平;经DC激活的细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（cytotoxic lymphocyte,CTL）细胞与SGC-7901肿瘤细胞共培养,采用LDH释放法检测CLT对靶细胞特异性杀伤能力。结果黄芪多糖诱导的DC经形态学观察和表型鉴定,符合成熟DC的特征。黄芪多糖诱导成熟的DC能刺激同种异体T淋巴细胞增殖,T细胞增殖指数随刺激细胞与效应细胞比值的增加而增加（P〈0.05）;DC与T细胞共培养上清IL-12、IFN-γ的水平显著增加且呈时间依赖性（P〈0.05）;经致敏DC激活的CTL能显著杀伤肿瘤细胞,随着效靶比的增加,杀伤作用增强。结论黄芪多糖可在体外诱导DC成熟,并促进其抗原递呈能力,有效活化CTL,增强机体抗肿瘤功能。