栀子遗传多样性及遗传分化的RAPD分析

 目的应用随机扩增多态性DNA(random amplifed polymorphic DNA,RAPD)标记技术对栀子8个种群遗传多样性和遗传分化进行研究。方法18种随机引物对92个个体进行检测,应用POPGENE软件和AMOVA软件对结果进行处理。结果共得到120个可重复的位点,其中多态位点75个,多态百分率为62.5%。各种群内多态位点百分率在39.17%～68.83%之间,平均为56.98%。河南南阳(POP1)种群最高,其次是江西新干县野生种群(POP7),最低是江西抚州水栀子种群(POP3)。Shannon指数和Nei指数均反映出栀子各种群具有较高的遗传多样性。Shannon指数为0.431 3,各种群Shannon指数在0.2256～0.380 6之间,Nei指数为0.289 2,各种群Nei指数在0.148 2～0.263 0之间。AMOVA揭示种群内遗传多样性占总遗传多样性的76.05%,而种群间遗传多样性只占23.95%。运用POPGENE也得出种群内遗传变异(69.34%)大于种群间(30.66%)的结论。种群间的遗传分化系数为0.306 6。栀子种群间的基因流为1.130 6,遗传相似度平均为0.129 09,遗传距离平均为0.880 72。根据遗传距离聚类分析,河南南阳种群(POP1)与江西樟树新干种群(POP4,POP5,POP6,POP7)聚为一类,湖南种群(POP8)与江西抚州栀子种群(POP2)聚为一类,江西抚州水栀子种群(POP3)与其他各种群间的遗传关系较远。结论目前,虽然野生资源逐年减少以及多年栽培中的品种选育,栀子遗传多样性仍较丰富,且种群内大于种群间,种群间存在较少的遗传分化。     

药用肉苁蓉的遗传多样性RAPD分析

目的 :荒漠肉苁蓉Cistanche deserticola和管花肉苁蓉Cistanche tubulosa群体遗传多样性的研究。方法 :对荒漠肉苁蓉 2个野生居群和管花肉苁蓉 4个野生居群进行RAPD分析 ,利用POPGENE1.31版软件分析群体的遗传多样性。结果 :荒漠肉苁蓉平均多态位点百分率 47.37% ,2个居群多态位点分别为 39.4 7%和 35.53% ,平均Nei’s基因多样性为 0 .135 8,Shannon’s多态性信息指数为 0.2072 ,基因分化系数Gst=0.2546。管花肉苁蓉平均多态位点百分率 27.5 9% ,各居群多态位点百分率从 19.54 %到 25.29% ,其中安迪尔居群的最高 25.29% ,平均Nei’s基因多样性为 0.0823,Shannon’s多态性信息指数为 0.1258,基因分化系数Gst=0.1755。结论 :荒漠肉苁蓉和管花肉苁蓉在居群间均有一定的分化 ,荒漠肉苁蓉的遗传多样性明显高于管花肉苁蓉 ,并已明显分化成 2个生态型。     

浙江主产区栽培浙贝母种质遗传多样性的AFLP分析

目的研究中国浙江省道地药材浙贝母的遗传多样性。方法应用扩增片段长度多态性技术(AFLP)对具有代表性的6个浙贝母居群,共32份个体进行分析。结果在浙贝母的物种水平上,Nei′s基因多样性指数(He)为0.169 0±0.175 7,Shannon′s信息指数(I)为0.269 8±0.245 3,多态位点百分率(PPB)76.85%;总遗传多样性(Ht)0.169 0±0.030 9,其居群水平上遗传多样性(Hs)0.150 8±0.024 0,Shannon′s信息指数(I)0.233 3±0.261 9,多态位点百分率(PPB)50.38%,Nei′s遗传分化指数(Gst)为0.107 6,基因流(Nm)为4.147 0。东阳和永康种群之间的遗传距离最小(0.015 0),而象山与缙云最远(0.032 4)。结论浙江省主产区栽培浙贝母物种的遗传多样性水平丰富,高的遗传多样性能够维持浙贝母的长期生存,居群间的多样性水平明显低于居群内的多样性水平,居群间遗传分化不明显,种植资源相对比较稳定,这些居群适宜作为浙贝母优良品种的选育基地。     

基于ISSR分子标记对黑河流域中下游黑果枸杞16个居群的遗传多样性分析

目的研究黑河流域中下游黑果枸杞16个野生居群的遗传多样性,为黑果枸杞的遗传育种及保护机制研究提供依据。方法在建立ISSR分子标记的基础上,人工读带确定引物位点,利用Popgen32软件分析黑果枸杞的多态性、遗传相似系数及遗传距离。使用NTSYS软件建立黑果枸杞的遗传距离聚类图。结果采用6个ISSR引物对16个黑果枸杞居群的基因组DNA进行扩增后共检测到126个位点,多态位点百分率为92.86%,不同居群间的多态位点百分率范围为6.35%～50.00%。Nei’s基因多样性指数H为0.2228,Shannon信息指数I为0.3459,分析得出居群间的变异为41.85%。聚类的遗传距离介于0.03～0.16,大体聚为2类。结论黑河流域中下游黑果枸杞在种群水平上遗传多样性丰富,对环境的适应能力较强;黑果枸杞有复杂的遗传背景,且与地理来源相关性不强。     

川乌遗传多样性的ISSR鉴定

目的应用ISSR标记技术分析川乌遗传多样性。方法对江油附子和9个野生乌头居进行了ISSR分析,探索川乌各居群间的遗传多样性。结果8个引物共扩增出98条带。其中68条具有多态性,多态位点百分率为69.39%;观测等位基因数(Na)为1.6939,有效等位基因数(Ne)为1.3715,Nei′s基因多样性指数为0.2308,Shannon信息指数(I)为0.3530;用ISSR855引物能够区分川乌的10个供试居群。结论ISSR标记适合于构建川乌的DNA指纹图谱、品种鉴定和遗传多样性分析。     

基于ISSR的甘肃不同产区栽培当归遗传多样性研究

目的研究甘肃不同产区栽培当归的遗传多样性。方法应用ISSR分子标记技术对甘肃省41个居群的栽培当归样本进行分析,利用Popgene 32软件分析Nei’s基因多样性指数(H)等遗传信息参数,应用Ntsys软件构建亲缘关系UPGMA聚类图。结果 8条引物共检测到154个位点,其中多态性位点119个,多态位点百分率(PPB)为77.27%。栽培当归居群间的H为0.222 9,Shannon’s多样性信息指数(I)为0.337 4,种群间基因分化系数(Gst)为0.683 9,基因流(Nm)为0.2311,遗传距离变化范围0.042 9~0.327 8。结论甘肃栽培当归遗传多样性在物种水平上较高;居群间遗传多样性水平明显高于居群内;居群间遗传分化程度大,且基本无基因交流。     

短柄乌头遗传多样性的AFLP分析

目的对濒危药用植物短柄乌头Aconitum brachypodum遗传多样性进行研究。方法选用3对引物对短柄乌头4个自然居群105个样品进行了AFLP分析,利用POPGENE32、MEGA4、NTSYS等生物统计软件进行相关参数计算和聚类分析。结果在短柄乌头物种居群间的遗传多样性水平上,多态位点百分率为80.57%,Nei’s基因多样性指数(He)为0.322 9±0.179 8,Shannon’s信息指数(I)为0.472 0±0.251 7。在其居群内,多态位点百分率为12%,He为0.115 4±0.044,I为0.168 0±0.065 3。Nei’s基因分化系数(Gst)为0.864 2。聚类分析表明,禄劝居群和东川居群聚为一支,丽江居群和会泽居群聚为一支。结论短柄乌头物种居群间的遗传多样性丰富,居群内的多样性偏低。居群间存在显著的遗传分化。AFLP对短柄乌头的遗传多样性分析对其保护提供依据。     

短葶山麦冬遗传多样性SRAP标记研究

目的对短葶山麦冬进行遗传多样性分析。方法利用SRAP分子标记技术对47份短葶山麦冬材料进行遗传多样性分析。结果 15对引物共扩增出323条多态性带,平均多态位点百分率为88.47%。平均引物多态信息量(PIC)为0.90。Nei’s基因多样性指数(H)为0.197 7,Shannon’s信息指数(I)为0.319 0。遗传分化系数(Gst)为0.252 8。UPGMA聚类表明遗传相似系数为0.59～0.99。结论短葶山麦冬遗传多样性水平较高,遗传变异主要在居群内。     

我国仙茅属植物遗传关系的RAPD分析

目的从分子水平研究我国仙茅属(Curculigo Gaertn.)植物的遗传关系。方法对我国仙茅属植物7个国产种30个单株进行RAPD分析。运用Popgene Version1.31软件计算相关参数,采用UPGMA聚类法进行聚类分析。结果 11个RAPD引物共扩增出157条带,其中有145条呈多态性。我国仙茅属植物的遗传多样性极为丰富,在物种水平上,多态位点百分率(PPB)为92.36%,平均每个位点的有效等位基因数(Ne)为1.493 7,Nei’s基因多样性指数(H)为0.300 1,Shannon’s多样性信息指数Hsp为0.457 7。在种内水平上,PPB=5.09%,Ne=1.036 6,H=0.020 4,种内Shannon’s多样性信息指数(Hpop)为0.029 8。Nei’s基因多样性指数计算的种间遗传分化系数(Gst=0.931 3)与Shannon’s分化系数(0.934 9)基本一致,均说明大部分遗传变异存在于种间。种间基因流(Nm)为0.036 9,说明种间基因流动较少,遗传分化程度较高。两种间的Nei’s遗传一致度(I)的范围为0.520 8～0.823 7。根据Nei’s遗传距离进行UPGMA聚类,基于RAPD分子标记的聚类结果与传统分类一致。结论我国仙茅属植物的遗传多样性十分丰富,且种间的遗传差异大于种内的遗传差异。     

基于ISSR的甘肃中麻黄遗传多样性研究

目的研究甘肃不同居群中麻黄Ephedra intermedia的遗传多样性。方法应用ISSR分子标记技术对甘肃省11个居群的中麻黄样本进行分析,利用POPGENE 32软件分析Nei’s基因多样性指数(H)等遗传信息参数,应用NTSYS软件构建亲缘关系UPGMA聚类图。结果 12条引物共检测到175个位点,其中多态性位点150个,多态位点百分率(PPL)为85.71%。中麻黄居群间的H为0.211 4,Shannon’s多样性信息指数(I)为0.332 1,种群间基因分化系数(Gst)为0.259 3,基因流(Nm)为1.428 6,遗传距离0.014 4~0.159 8。结论甘肃中麻黄种群遗传多样性水平较高,但居群内遗传多样性水平低于居群间;中麻黄种群的遗传变异主要存在于居群内;亲缘关系与地理分布具有一定的相关性。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素

目的建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)直接稀释测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素(Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V、As、Cd和Hg)的方法。方法分别对微波消解条件和测试条件进行考察;样品经微波消解后,采用电感耦合质谱仪测定25种矿物质元素,并对测定方法学进行考察。结果确定最佳消解条件为3步缓慢升温:400 W 80℃升温10 min,保留5 min;600 W 120℃升温10 min,保留5 min;900 W 200℃升温20 min,保留20 min;25种矿物质元素在各自的线性范围内线性关系良好,r≥0.999 6,精密度、稳定性和重复性试验的RSD均符合定量分析要求;加标回收率为94.7%~106.1%,RSD在0.34%~2.79%。脉络宁注射液中检测出Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V,未检出As、Cd和Hg。结论该方法简便、迅速、准确,适用于脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素的同时测定。     

Die Lateralität und Lateralitätsinstabilität in der Diagnostik und Therapie

The disturbance and instability of laterality are obstacles to diagnostics and therapy. Correction prior to starting therapy is required. They also predispose toward defined health problems and unspecific diseases. Numerous research activities provide evidence of the relevance of undisturbed laterality in diagnostics and therapy. Techniques of testing and therapeutic corrections will allow for optimized therapy success.     

Yerba Mate or Paraguay Tea

正Beverages based on Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.are used in the south Brazil and other Latin American countries located at the so-called southern cone.It is known as chimarro or mate in south and southeast Brazil,tererêin     

Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science Instructions for Authors

The Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science, a journal with an international scope （IS SN 1672-3597, CN 31-1908/R, Bimonthly）, is embodied by ＇Springer Verlag＇ Database, Index Copernicus （IC） and Chinese Scientific and Technical Paper and Citations Data （CSTPCD）. You can search full text on http：//www, springerlink, com/content/1672 -3597.     

Ethnopharmacologic study of chinese rhubarb

This paper deals with an interdisciplinary study covering historic, botanical, phytochemical, pharmacological and clinical aspects of rhubarb and related species, to lay stress on the correlation between plant phylogeny, chemical constituents and purgative activity.

It was found that the official rhubarbs were exclusively restricted in the Sect. Palmata e.g. Rheum palmatum R. palmatum var. tanguticum R. officinale; the following criteria may serve as their standard, viz., the presence of sennoside derivatives and rhein, the occurrence of the reduced form of rhein and aloe-emodin, the leaves with any kind of palmate incision. Comprehensive multivariate analyses showed that there is a very close relationship between the leaf incision, existence of sennosides or rhein and purgative activity.     

基于ICP-MS法的加味左金丸中无机元素分析

目的 通过电感耦合等离子体质谱（inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS）法建立加味左金丸中Cd、Pb、As、Hg、Co、V、Ni、Cu、Li、Sb、Ba、Mo、Sn、Cr、Na、Mg、Al、Ca、Ti、Mn、Fe、Zn、Ga、Se、Sr、Tl共计26种无机元素的测定方法。方法 加味左金丸通过微波消解法处理后,根据相对分子质量的大小选择内标物,其中⁷Li、²³Na、²⁴Mg、²⁷Al、⁴⁰Ca、⁴⁸Ti、⁵¹V、⁵²Cr、⁵⁵Mn、⁵⁶Fe、⁵⁸Ni、⁵⁹Co、⁶³Cu、⁶⁶Zn、⁷⁰Ga、⁷⁵As、⁷⁷Se、⁸⁶Sr以⁷²Ge作为内标;⁹⁵Mo、¹¹⁴Cd、¹¹⁸Sn、¹²¹Sb、¹³⁷Ba以¹¹⁵In作为内标;²⁰²Hg、²⁰⁵Tl、²⁰⁸Pb以²⁰⁹Bi作为内标。对标准品溶液、空白溶液与供试品溶液进行分析,采用标准曲线法进行定量分析。通过ICP-MS法进行测定。结果 26种无机元素线性的相关系数r ≥ 0.999 6,检出限为0.001~1.500μg/L,定量限为0.01~5.00 μg/L,精密度与重复性试验的RSD均小于5%,平均回收率在82.64%~106.44%,RSD均小于5%。对3个厂家的12批样品进行了测定,26种元素的含量差异较大,其中Na、Mg、Ca、Fe 4种元素的含量比较高,均大于500 μg/g,Cd、Pb、As、Hg、Co、Li、Sb、Mo、Sn、Cr、Se、Tl的含量比较低,均小于1 μg/g。由结果可知,人体的常量元素,如Na、Mg、Ca的含量比较高,Cd、Pb、As、Hg等有害元素含量比较低。根据《中国药典》2020年版一部的要求,本品中Cd、Pb、As、Hg与Cu均符合规定。结论 该方法快速、准确,可以用于加味左金丸中无机元素的测定。     

Wirksamkeit der Akupunktur bei der Therapie von idiopathischen Schmeckstörungen: Eine randomisierte Placebo-kontrollierte Studie

Background

At present, the state-of-the-art medication in treating idiopathic taste disorder (gustatory dysfunction) is zinc. If zinc medication was unsuccessful, not tolerated or if it is contraindicated the persons affected can hardly be helped.

Objectives

In a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial an attempt was made to determine the efficacy of acupuncture.

Methods

The treatment group was treated with acupuncture needles, the placebo group with an inactive acupuncture-laser. Endpoints of the study were changes in the taste test, the quality of life and the severity of symptoms of depression (BDI) as well as mood changes (ZMS). Satisfaction with the success of the respective therapy was also evaluated. Data were collected before and after therapy and again for the treatment group 10 weeks after completion of the treatment period.

Findings

Treatment with real acupuncture showed a significant improvement in gustatory function as well as a significant improvement in psychological symptoms. Greater satisfaction with the treatment results was evident in the treatment group. The treatment results of acupuncture remained stable over a period of ten weeks after completion of the treatment.

Conclusion

Acupuncture was effective in the therapy of idiopathic taste disorders and therefore it is an effective alternative when zinc medication is not tolerated or unsuccessful. But it is also suitable as a therapy of first choice. Acupuncture can be considered as an extension of the therapeutic spectrum in the difficult treatment of taste disorders.     

Erstaunliches Ergebnis einer Schädelakupunktur nach Yamamoto bei Hemihypsarrhythmie rechts

A girl, three and a half years old at the respective date, premature in 25th week of gestation, had been presented. On day three after birth, she had had a IVH III° right and left with severe involvement of parenchyma and other multiple complications, e. a. infant respiratory distress syndrome up to the 42nd day postpartum, and epileptic attacks with apnoeic events.     

Veränderungen der Herzratenvariabilität (HRV) während Low Level Lasernadelakupunktur: Placebokontrollierte Studie an 19 herzgesunden Probanden

Background

Experimental and clinical studies postulate a neurobiological mechanism of acupuncture by modulating central pain systems, neurohormones and -transmitters. It seems to be quite likely that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays an important mediating role in this neuromodulation.

Aim

In measuring heart rate variability (HRV), as a non-invasive approach to the ANS-function, the object of this study was to monitor probable acupuncture-induced changes of autonomic balance. The innovative technology of laser-needle acupuncture offers for the first time a stimulation method which fulfils the demands on a placebo-controlled acupuncture trial not requiring controversial sham acupuncture.

Method

19 healthy voluntary subjects underwent 3 treatments in randomized sequence, consisting of placebo-, 1-point- (PC 6) and simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle-stimulation over 20 minutes. Before, during and after placebo-/verum laser-needle acupuncture, HRV-data for normalized HF(high frequency)- and LF(low frequency)-Power (nHF, nLF) and their quotient nLF/nHF obtained by power spectrum analysis (FFT), were measured and analyzed statistically at 5 different time points (ANOVA repeated measures, p < 0,05).

Results

During both verum applications, the 1-point- (PC 6) as well as the simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle stimulation, significant changes of the ANS-activity were found in comparison to the placebo application. The most significant modification of HRV was an increase of nHF (p < 0,05 (PC 6), p < 0,0001 (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3)) as an expression of growing vagal activity during acupuncture.

Conclusion

Laser-needle acupuncture causes in 1-point-stimulation (PC 6) as well as in simultaneous 3-point-stimulation (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) significant changes in HRV in comparison to placebo application. HRV-monitoring seems to be a suitable approach in exploration of acupuncture-induced changes of ANS and could possibly be established in combination with laser needle acupuncture as a standard for further scientific and clinical acupuncture investigations which are greatly needed.