当归芍药散对缺血性脑卒中小鼠脑保护作用的影响

目的观察当归芍药散对缺血性脑卒中小鼠脑保护作用的影响,探讨其可能的作用机制。方法取成年C57雄性小鼠,制备大脑中动脉梗阻(MCAO)模型。实验小鼠随机分为假手术组(Sham组)、模型组(MCAO组)和当归芍药散组(DSS组),进行神经功能评分和脑组织TTC染色,观察小鼠神经功能和脑梗死体积,免疫荧光染色和电化学发光法检测小鼠脑组织相关指标水平。结果与MCAO组比较,DSS组小鼠脑梗死体积明显减小(P0.001),细胞凋亡数目明显减少(P0.05),神经功能有一定程度的恢复(P0.01),小胶质细胞/巨噬细胞数量明显减少(P0.01),同时,当归芍药散可促进M2型巨噬细胞/小胶质细胞极化(P0.01),降低促炎因子、增加抑炎因子的表达(P0.01,P0.001)。结论当归芍药散对缺血性脑卒中小鼠具有脑保护作用,其机制可能与其抑制细胞凋亡、调节小胶质细胞极化有关。     

当归芍药散对小鼠学习记忆及脑内SOD、MDA的影响

在被动回避条件反射实验中，当归芍药散促进正常小鼠的记忆行为；改善东莨菪碱、亚硝酸钠及乙醇造成的多种记忆障碍；对抗Ｄ－ｇａｌ诱导的亚急性衰老小鼠出现的记忆损害，并明显升高其脑内ＳＯＤ活性、降低ＭＤＡ含量。     

当归芍药散对小鼠学习记忆及脑内SOD、MDA的影响

在被动回避条件反射实验中，当归芍药散促进正常小鼠的记忆行为。改善东莨菪碱，亚硝酸钠及乙醇造成的多种记忆障碍；对抗Ｄ－ｇａｌ诱导的亚急性衰老小鼠出现的记忆损害，并明显升高其脑内ＳＯＤ活性，降低ＭＤＡ含量。     

加味当归芍药散对阿尔茨海默病模型小鼠记忆能力和脑组织tau蛋白及Fas抗原含量的影响

目的:探讨加味当归芍药散治疗阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's Disease,AD)的作用机制.方法:采用灌服三氯化铝制作小鼠AD模型,观察加味当归芍药散对AD模型小鼠的学习记忆能力和脑组织湿重、脑组织胆碱酯酶(AchE)活性、tau蛋白及Fas抗原含量的影响.结果:AD模型组小鼠脑组织tau蛋白和Fas抗原含量呈直线正相关;加味当归芍药散能增加脑组织湿重,提高模型小鼠的记忆能力;同时降低模型小鼠脑组织的AchE活性及tau蛋白、Fas抗原的含量.结论:加味当归芍药散具有对抗AD的作用,增强脑内胆碱能功能、降低脑组织tau蛋白及Fas抗原含量,从而减少双股螺旋丝(PHF)、神经原纤维缠结(NFT)的形成,抑制脑内神经细胞的凋亡,则可能是其对抗AD的作用机制.     

当归芍药散对黄褐斑模型SOD、MDA及病理形态学影响的研究

目的:探讨当归芍药散制剂对紫外线照射引起的小鼠黄褐斑模型皮肤及血液中的MDA含量和SOD活力,以及模型小鼠皮肤组织结构变化的影响.方法:采用紫外线照射法制作小鼠黄褐斑模型.分别采用超氧化物歧化酶试剂盒和过丙二醛试剂盒测试当归芍药散对小鼠皮肤中SOD和MDA的影响:用HE染色法制作组织切片,并在光学显微镜下观察皮肤形态学变化的情况.结果:与模型组比较.当归芍药散低、中、高剂量组的皮肤及血液中SOD活性明显增高且有显著差异;当归芍药散低、中、高剂量组的皮肤组织中MDA含量明显降低,以及有组织形态学改变等.结论:当归芍药散对紫外线照射引起的小鼠黄褐斑病理模型具有保护和改善作用.     

当归芍药散对拟血管性痴呆小鼠脑海马氧化损伤的影响

目的:探讨当归芍药散对血管性痴呆小鼠脑海马超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)的影响.方法:采用脑缺血再灌注的方法复制血管性痴呆小鼠模型,以脑复康为对照,通过水迷宫法别观测术后14天各组小鼠行为学以及脑海马SOD活性、MDA含量的变化.结果:与假手术组比较,模型小鼠学习与记忆能力下降,表现为游全程时间延长,错误次数增加(P＜0.01),脑海马SOD活性明显降低,MDA含量明显升高(P＜0.01);与模型组比较,当归芍药散组可使游全程时间缩短,错误次数减少,脑海马SOD活性明显升高,MDA含量明显降低(P＜0.01),并优于对照药物(P＜0.05).结论:当归芍药散通过调节脑海马自由基代谢,可改善血管性痴呆小鼠学习与记忆能力.     

当归芍药散改善糖尿病小鼠认知障碍研究

目的:探讨当归芍药散改善糖尿病小鼠认知障碍及其机制。方法:采用链脲佐菌素造模,实验分为空白对照组、模型组、石杉碱甲组、当归芍药散大剂量组36g/kg、当归芍药散中剂量组24g/kg、当归芍药散小剂量组12g/kg,连续灌胃4w后,采用Morris水迷宫法进行行为学检测,ELISA法测定海马组织Aβ40、Aβ42和β-位点APP切割酶(BACE1)含量。结果:与模型对照组比较,当归芍药散36g/kg,24g/kg,12g/kg剂量组可明显缩短第4天定位航行实验逃避潜伏期,当归芍药散36g/kg,24g/kg剂量组延长目标象限游泳时间;当归芍药散36g/kg剂量组可显著降低糖尿病小鼠海马区BACE1水平,减少Aβ40和Aβ42生成。结论:当归芍药散可改善糖尿病小鼠认知障碍,可能通过减轻Aβ对海马区神经元损伤而发挥神经保护作用。     

当归芍药散对拟血管性痴呆小鼠脑海马5-HT及DA含量的影响

目的 观察当归芍药散对血管性痴呆小鼠脑海马5-羟色胺(5-HT)和多巴胺(DA)含量的影响.方法 采用脑缺血再灌注法复制血管性痴呆小鼠模型,以脑复康为对照,通过水迷宫法分别观测术后14d各组小鼠行为学以及脑海马5-HT和DA含量的变化.结果 模型小鼠学习与记忆能力下降,表现为游全程时间延长,错误次数增加,脑海马5-HT和DA含量下降;当归芍药散可使模型小鼠游全程时间缩短,错误次数减少,脑海马5-HT和DA含量升高,优于对照药物.结论 当归芍药散通过调节脑海马神经递质5-HT和DA含量,改善血管性痴呆小鼠学习与记忆能力.     

当归芍药散对拟血管性痴呆小鼠脑海马5-HT及DA含量的影响米

目的观察当归芍药散对血管性痴呆小鼠脑海马5-羟色胺（5-HT）和多巴胺（DA）含量的影响。方法采用脑缺血再灌注法复制血管性痴呆小鼠模型，以脑复康为对照，通过水迷宫法分别观测术后14d各组小鼠行为学以及脑海马5-HT和DA含量的变化。结果模型小鼠学习与记忆能力下降，表现为游全程时间延长，错误次数增加，脑海马5-HT和DA含量下降；当归芍药散可使模型小鼠游全程时间缩短，错误次数减少，脑海马5-HT和DA含量升高，优于对照药物。结论当归芍药散通过调节脑海马神经递质5-HT和DA含量，改善血管性痴呆小鼠学习与记忆能力。     

当归芍药散对动物学习记忆功能及其单胺递质系统的影响

目的 :研究当归芍药散对小鼠学习记忆功能及其脑内单胺氧化酶 B(MAO- B)和对大鼠海马、纹状体内单胺类递质含量的影响。方法 :用跳台法测定小鼠的学习记忆功能 ,荧光分光光度法测单胺类递质含量 ,MAO- B活力测定参照试剂盒方法进行。结果 :当归芍药散对正常及东莨菪碱 (Scopolamine,Scop)模型小鼠的学习记忆功能均有不同程度的提高 ,并显著抑制脑内 MAO- B的活性 ,显著增加大鼠海马内去甲肾上腺素 (NA)、多巴胺 (DA)、5 -羟色胺 (5 - HT)和 5 -羟吲哚乙酸 (5 - HIAA)以及纹状体中 DA含量。但对纹状体中 5 - HT和 5 -HIAA含量却有显著的降低作用。结论 :当归芍药散能提高正常及 Scop模型动物学习记忆功能 ,其作用机制可能与其抑制 MAO- B活力 ,调节脑内不同部位单胺类递质含量有关。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素

目的建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)直接稀释测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素(Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V、As、Cd和Hg)的方法。方法分别对微波消解条件和测试条件进行考察;样品经微波消解后,采用电感耦合质谱仪测定25种矿物质元素,并对测定方法学进行考察。结果确定最佳消解条件为3步缓慢升温:400 W 80℃升温10 min,保留5 min;600 W 120℃升温10 min,保留5 min;900 W 200℃升温20 min,保留20 min;25种矿物质元素在各自的线性范围内线性关系良好,r≥0.999 6,精密度、稳定性和重复性试验的RSD均符合定量分析要求;加标回收率为94.7%~106.1%,RSD在0.34%~2.79%。脉络宁注射液中检测出Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V,未检出As、Cd和Hg。结论该方法简便、迅速、准确,适用于脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素的同时测定。     

Die Lateralität und Lateralitätsinstabilität in der Diagnostik und Therapie

The disturbance and instability of laterality are obstacles to diagnostics and therapy. Correction prior to starting therapy is required. They also predispose toward defined health problems and unspecific diseases. Numerous research activities provide evidence of the relevance of undisturbed laterality in diagnostics and therapy. Techniques of testing and therapeutic corrections will allow for optimized therapy success.     

Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science Instructions for Authors

The Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science, a journal with an international scope （IS SN 1672-3597, CN 31-1908/R, Bimonthly）, is embodied by ＇Springer Verlag＇ Database, Index Copernicus （IC） and Chinese Scientific and Technical Paper and Citations Data （CSTPCD）. You can search full text on http：//www, springerlink, com/content/1672 -3597.     

Yerba Mate or Paraguay Tea

正Beverages based on Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.are used in the south Brazil and other Latin American countries located at the so-called southern cone.It is known as chimarro or mate in south and southeast Brazil,tererêin     

Ethnopharmacologic study of chinese rhubarb

This paper deals with an interdisciplinary study covering historic, botanical, phytochemical, pharmacological and clinical aspects of rhubarb and related species, to lay stress on the correlation between plant phylogeny, chemical constituents and purgative activity.

It was found that the official rhubarbs were exclusively restricted in the Sect. Palmata e.g. Rheum palmatum R. palmatum var. tanguticum R. officinale; the following criteria may serve as their standard, viz., the presence of sennoside derivatives and rhein, the occurrence of the reduced form of rhein and aloe-emodin, the leaves with any kind of palmate incision. Comprehensive multivariate analyses showed that there is a very close relationship between the leaf incision, existence of sennosides or rhein and purgative activity.     

Wirksamkeit der Akupunktur bei der Therapie von idiopathischen Schmeckstörungen: Eine randomisierte Placebo-kontrollierte Studie

Background

At present, the state-of-the-art medication in treating idiopathic taste disorder (gustatory dysfunction) is zinc. If zinc medication was unsuccessful, not tolerated or if it is contraindicated the persons affected can hardly be helped.

Objectives

In a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial an attempt was made to determine the efficacy of acupuncture.

Methods

The treatment group was treated with acupuncture needles, the placebo group with an inactive acupuncture-laser. Endpoints of the study were changes in the taste test, the quality of life and the severity of symptoms of depression (BDI) as well as mood changes (ZMS). Satisfaction with the success of the respective therapy was also evaluated. Data were collected before and after therapy and again for the treatment group 10 weeks after completion of the treatment period.

Findings

Treatment with real acupuncture showed a significant improvement in gustatory function as well as a significant improvement in psychological symptoms. Greater satisfaction with the treatment results was evident in the treatment group. The treatment results of acupuncture remained stable over a period of ten weeks after completion of the treatment.

Conclusion

Acupuncture was effective in the therapy of idiopathic taste disorders and therefore it is an effective alternative when zinc medication is not tolerated or unsuccessful. But it is also suitable as a therapy of first choice. Acupuncture can be considered as an extension of the therapeutic spectrum in the difficult treatment of taste disorders.     

Veränderungen der Herzratenvariabilität (HRV) während Low Level Lasernadelakupunktur: Placebokontrollierte Studie an 19 herzgesunden Probanden

Background

Experimental and clinical studies postulate a neurobiological mechanism of acupuncture by modulating central pain systems, neurohormones and -transmitters. It seems to be quite likely that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays an important mediating role in this neuromodulation.

Aim

In measuring heart rate variability (HRV), as a non-invasive approach to the ANS-function, the object of this study was to monitor probable acupuncture-induced changes of autonomic balance. The innovative technology of laser-needle acupuncture offers for the first time a stimulation method which fulfils the demands on a placebo-controlled acupuncture trial not requiring controversial sham acupuncture.

Method

19 healthy voluntary subjects underwent 3 treatments in randomized sequence, consisting of placebo-, 1-point- (PC 6) and simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle-stimulation over 20 minutes. Before, during and after placebo-/verum laser-needle acupuncture, HRV-data for normalized HF(high frequency)- and LF(low frequency)-Power (nHF, nLF) and their quotient nLF/nHF obtained by power spectrum analysis (FFT), were measured and analyzed statistically at 5 different time points (ANOVA repeated measures, p < 0,05).

Results

During both verum applications, the 1-point- (PC 6) as well as the simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle stimulation, significant changes of the ANS-activity were found in comparison to the placebo application. The most significant modification of HRV was an increase of nHF (p < 0,05 (PC 6), p < 0,0001 (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3)) as an expression of growing vagal activity during acupuncture.

Conclusion

Laser-needle acupuncture causes in 1-point-stimulation (PC 6) as well as in simultaneous 3-point-stimulation (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) significant changes in HRV in comparison to placebo application. HRV-monitoring seems to be a suitable approach in exploration of acupuncture-induced changes of ANS and could possibly be established in combination with laser needle acupuncture as a standard for further scientific and clinical acupuncture investigations which are greatly needed.     

瑞香科五属植物中酚性聚合物的结构特征、分布及药理活性研究进展

瑞香科植物广泛分布于世界热带和温带地区,其中多种植物可供药用。在对该科植物的研究中发现,黄酮类、木脂素和香豆素等酚性化合物的低聚体为其重要的特征性成分,药理活性主要表现在抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗氧化、抗菌和抗病毒等方面。对已发现的酚性聚合体的化学结构、植物来源及药理活性进行综述,为瑞香科植物今后的研究和开发利用提供参考。     

HPLC法同时测定沉香化滞丸中11种成分

目的采用HPLC梯度洗脱法同时测定沉香化滞丸中沉香四醇、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、和厚朴酚、大黄素、厚朴酚、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚11种成分。方法采用Thermo Syncronis C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为水-乙腈,梯度洗脱:0～10 min,20%乙腈;10～20 min,20%～40%乙腈;20～24 min,40%乙腈;24～26 min,40%～52%乙腈;26～30 min,52%乙腈;30～31 min,52%～90%乙腈;31～35 min,90%乙腈;35～40 min,90%～100%乙腈;40～43min,100%乙腈;43～45min,100%～20%乙腈;检测波长215nm,体积流量1.0m L/min,柱温30℃,进样量20μL。结果各成分在43 min内分离良好,沉香四醇、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、和厚朴酚、大黄素、厚朴酚、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚的线性范围分别为1.4～13.6、10.0～200.0、31.5～315.0、1.0～120.1、1.8～50.6、0.93～10.1、1.8～30.0、0.2～40.3、1.8～18.1、1.7～25.0、0.45～10.70μg/mL;样品中各成分的平均回收率均在98.90%～100.87%;11种成分精密度RSD在0.55%～1.54%;供试品溶液在30 h内稳定性良好,RSD在0.75%～1.94%;重复性RSD在0.39%～1.73%。6批次样品中沉香四醇、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、和厚朴酚、大黄素、厚朴酚、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚质量分数分别为92.0～201.0、511.5～9 033.0、5 475.0～12 635.5、54.5～5 095.5、192.0～2 137.5、117.0～391.5、106.5～1 281.5、13.0～136.5、93.5～199.0、177.0～1 207.0、33.5～251.5μg/g。结论本方法准确、快速、简便,重复性好,精密度高,适用于沉香化滞丸中多种活性成分的定量分析。