小飞蓬中黄酮类化学成分研究

目的:研究小飞蓬全草中黄酮类化学成分.方法:对小飞蓬全草乙醇提取物的各个萃取部位进行反复柱色谱,根据光谱数据和理化性质确定化合物结构.结果:从小飞蓬干燥全草中分离得到12个黄酮类化合物,分别鉴定为槲皮素-7-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(1),槲皮素(2),木犀草素(3),芹菜素(4),5,7,4′-三羟基-3′-甲氧基黄酮(5),槲皮素-3-O-α-吡喃鼠李糖苷(6),槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(7),芹菜素-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(8),木犀草素-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸苷甲酯(9),4′-羟基黄芩素-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(10),黄芩苷(11),芦丁(12).结论:化合物1为首次从菊科中分离得到,化合物5和9为首次从飞蓬属中分离得到,化合物3～4,7～8,11为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

泰国大风子化学成分研究北大核心CSCD

研究泰国大风子Hydnocarpus anthelminthica干燥成熟种仁中的化学成分。通过正相硅胶、Sephadex LH-20以及反相HPLC等柱色谱对泰国大风子的化学成分进行分离纯化,应用谱学技术鉴定化合物的结构。并采用MTT法检测化合物的体外细胞毒活性。从泰国大风子的干燥成熟种仁中分离鉴定了10个化合物,分别为2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3-oxo-1-propanol(1)、threo-1,2-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-propane-1,3-diol(2)、erythro-1,2-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-propane-1,3-diol(3)、2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3-oxo-1-propanol(4)、3-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propan-1-one(5)、3′-甲氧基木犀草素(6)、楝叶吴萸素B(7)、芹菜素-3′-甲氧基-7-O-芸香糖苷(8)、木犀草素(9)、牡荆素(10)。其中化合物1为新化合物。化合物4、5为首次从该属植物中分离得到。所有化合物均无明显的细胞毒活性。     

广西莪术的化学成分研究(英文)

目的:对广西莪术(Curcuma kwangsiensis)的根茎进行化学成分研究。方法:运用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱、ODS柱色谱和制备HPLC等分离手段进行化学成分的分离纯化,根据其波谱数据鉴定其结构。结果:从广西莪术中分离得到 7个化合物,分别鉴定为:[4-(1′-hydroxy-1′-methylethyl) benzoate-1′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside](1),[4-(1′-hydroxy-1′-methylethyl) ben-zoic acid-1′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside](2),2, 3,5-trihydroxy-1-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl) hep-tane(3) and 2,3, 5-trihydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)heptane(4),以及 1,5-epoxy-3α-hydroxy- 1-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyp...     

刮筋板化学成分研究

目的 对刮筋板化学成分进行分离和鉴定.方法 采用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱等方法进行成分分离及纯化,并利用1 H-NMR,13C-NMR,MS等波谱技术鉴定其化学结构.结果与结论 从刮筋板全草70%丙酮水提取液的醋酸乙酯部分分离得到14个单体化合物,分别鉴定为7,8-trans-4,5,9-trihydroxy-3,3',9'-trimethoxy-7 -O-5',8-O-4'-neolignan(1),7,8-trans -4,5,9,9'-tetrahydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-7-O-5',8-O-4'-neolignan (2),malloapelin C (3),syringaresinol(4),2α,3β,24-trihydroxy-12-ursen-28-oic acid(5),11-hydroxy-3-oxo-12-ursen-28-oic acid (6),6-hydroxy-20 (29) -lupen-3-one (7),isolupenyl acetate (8),kaempferol(9),quercetin (10),apigenin( 11),catechin( 12),kamepferol-3 -O-β-D-galactopyranoside( 13),catechin(6-→8) catechin (14).结论 化合物1为新化合物,化合物2-14为首次从该植物中分离得到.其中化合物5～8为三萜类化合物,其他化合物为苯丙素类化合物.     

假奓包叶化学成分研究

目的:对假奓包叶Discocleidion rufescens叶的化学成分进行研究。方法:采用硅胶、聚酰胺柱色谱进行分离纯化,根据理化性质和波谱分析鉴定化合物结构。结果:首次从假奓包叶的叶中分离了15个化合物,经鉴定分别为大黄酚(1),大黄素甲醚(2),蒲公英赛醇(3),β-谷甾醇(4),胡萝卜苷(5),东莨菪内酯(6),芹菜素(7),金合欢素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(8),芹菜素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(9),木犀草素(10),香叶木素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(11),木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(12),没食子酸(13),穗花杉双黄酮(14)和肌醇(15)。结论:化合物1,2,8,11,13,15是首次从该属植物中分离得到,蒽醌类化合物为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

甘草地上部分化学成分研究

目的研究甘草Glycyrrhiza uralensis地上部分的化学成分。方法通过硅胶、凝胶等柱色谱及高效液相色谱技术进行分离纯化,根据理化性质和核磁数据对化合物进行结构鉴定。结果从甘草地上部分乙醇提取物中分离得到12个化合物,分别鉴定为(2S)-3′-(2-hydroxy-3-methylbut-3-enyl)-4′,5,7-trihydroxy-dihydroflavanone(1)、乔松素(2)、sigmoidin B(3)、licoflavanone(4)、6-异戊烯基柚皮素(5)、短叶松素(6)、高良姜素(7)、染料木素(8)、红车轴草素(9)、山柰酚-3-O-β-D-芸香糖苷(10)、芦丁(11)、α,α′-dihydro-3,5,3′-trihydroxy-4′-methoxy-5′-isopentenyl-stilbene(12)。结论化合物1为新化合物,命名为羟甘草黄烷酮;化合物3、6、7和9是首次从甘草属植物中分离得到。     

耳叶杜鹃化学成分研究

目的对耳叶杜鹃化学成分进行研究。方法采用正相硅胶柱层析、制备薄层层析及制备型HPLC等方法分离纯化,利用NMR、MS等波谱学方法鉴定化合物结构。结果从耳叶杜鹃中分离并鉴定了7个化合物(化合物1~7),分别为蒲公英赛醇(1)、白桦酯酸(2)、东莨菪素(3)、苯甲酸(4)、(+)-(7R,8R)-4-hydroxy-3,3',5'-trimethoxy-8',9'-dinor-8,4'-oxyneoligna-7,9-diol-7'-aldehyde(5)、threo-2,3-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-ethoxypropan-1-ol(6)、(+)-丁香脂素(7)。结论其中所有化合物均是首次从耳叶杜鹃中分离得到,化合物5、6是首次从杜鹃花中分离得到。     

半枝莲化学成分研究

目的研究半枝莲Scutellaria barbata地上部分的化学成分。方法通过AB-8大孔吸附树脂、硅胶、聚酰胺和Sephadex LH-20柱色谱等多种手段进行分离,采用核磁共振等波谱技术对化合物结构进行鉴定。结果从半枝莲95%乙醇提取物中分离鉴定了14个黄酮类化合物,分别为高车前素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸甲酯(1)、芹菜素(2)、野黄芩苷(3)、野黄芩素(4)、木犀草素(5)、野黄芩苷甲酯(6)、异高山黄芩素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸-6″-甲酯(7)、芹菜素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷-6″-甲酯(8)、4′-羟基汉黄芩素(9)、5,4′-二羟基-6,7,3′,5′-四甲氧基黄酮(10)、异高山黄芩素(11)、6-羟基木犀草素(12)、5-羟基-6,7,3′,4′-四甲氧基黄酮(13)、三裂鼠尾草素(14)。结论化合物7为首次从唇形科植物中分离得到,化合物1和13为首次从黄芩属植物中分离得到,化合物6和12为首次从半枝莲中分离得到。     

波棱瓜茎藤化学成分研究

采用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20、半制备HPLC、制备TLC等色谱技术,从波棱瓜Herpetospermum pedunculosum茎藤70%丙酮提取物中分离得到22个化合物。通过理化性质和核磁共振、紫外光谱、红外光谱以及高分辨质谱等波谱数据对分离到的化合物进行结构鉴定,分别鉴定为N-benzyltyramine(1),α-波甾醇(2),(2S)-1-O-heptatriacontanoyl glycerol(3),5,7-二羟基色原酮(4),methyl 2β,3β-dihydroxy-D:C-friedoolean-8-en-29-oate (5),4-羟基苯甲醇(6),4-羟基苯甲酸(7),对羟基桂皮酸(8),3-吲哚甲酸(9),rhodiocyanoside B(10),棉皮素-7-O-α-吡喃鼠李糖苷(11),红景天素(12),9,12,13-trihydroxy-10(E)-octadecenoic acid(13),环(酪-亮)二肽(14),matteflavoside A(15),黑麦草内脂(16),3-吲哚甲醛(17),(+)-去氢催吐萝芙木醇(18),3-羟基-5α,6α-环氧-β-紫罗酮(19),3-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[4-(3-hydroxy-1-propen-1-yl)-2-methoxyphenoxy]-1-propanone(20),7-烯-十九碳酸单甘油酯(21),香草酸(22)。化合物1为新天然产物,化合物3～15为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

益智仁化学成分研究

目的研究益智Alpinia oxyphylla仁的化学成分。方法采用硅胶、MCI柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20、重结晶、半制备液相进行分离纯化,根据理化性质及波谱数据鉴定所得化合物的结构。结果从益智仁95%乙醇提取物的醋酸乙酯部位分离并鉴定16个化合物,分别鉴定为邻苯二甲酸-双(2′-乙基庚基)酯(1)、(E)-1-(4′-hydroxy-3′-methoxyphenyl)-7-(4″-hydroxyphenyl)-hept-4-en-3-one(2)、5-hydroxy-7-(4″-hydroxy-3″-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-3-heptanone(3)、1β,4β,7β-trihydroxyeudesmane(4)、bullatantriol(5)、1,5-epoxy-3-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) heptanes(6)、1-tetratriacontanol(7)、dihydrogingerenone B(8)、杨芽黄素(9)、白杨素(10)、oxyphyllenone B(11)、(1R,4R,10R)-1β,4α-dihydroxy-11,12,13-trinor-5,6-eudesmen-7-one(12)、胡萝卜苷(13)、1-(4′-羟基苯基)-7-(3″-甲氧基-4″-羟基苯基)-4-烯-3-庚酮(14)、益智酮甲(15)、5-dehydroxy-hexahydro-demethoxycurcumin B(16)。结论其中化合物1、2、4～8为首次从该属植物中分离得到,化合物3为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

厚朴与凹叶厚朴群体遗传学研究

目的:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴的群体遗传学进行研究,为中药厚朴的质量控制提供分子生药学方面的依据。方法:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴15个居群应用2个叶绿体基因间序列psbA-trnH和trnL-trnF进行PCR扩增并测序,计算厚朴与凹叶厚朴单倍型频率,用程序HaploNst分析遗传多样性和遗传结构,应用TCS version 1.13软件构建单倍型网状进化树。结果:厚朴与凹叶厚朴均无特有单倍型存在,但单倍型频率存在显著差异,已开始出现遗传分化的趋势,NST略大于GST。结论:厚朴与凹叶厚朴在遗传上已出现遗传分化的趋势,但尚未完全分化成彼此独立的单系。     

Effect of feeding Mucuna pruriens on helminth parasite infestation in lambs

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume anecdotally reputed to have anthelmintic properties. This study was conducted to examine the validity of such claims.

Aim of the study

The aim of this study was to determine if ingestion of Mucuna seeds reduces helminth parasite infestation in lambs.

Materials and methods

Thirty-six Dorper × Katahdin ram lambs were assigned to three treatments, a cottonseed meal based control diet, a diet in which Mucuna replaced cottonseed meal and the control diet with levamisole (7.5 mg/kg body weight) administration. All diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. The 12 lambs in each treatment were assigned randomly to 4 pens, each containing 3 lambs. Lambs were trickle infected three times per week by gavage with infectious Haemonchus contortus larvae (2000 larvae/lamb) for 3 weeks.

Results

Levamisole treatment decreased fecal egg counts by 87% and abomasal worm counts by 83%. Mucuna intake did not statistically affect fecal egg counts or abomasal worm counts, though numerical (P > 0.10) reductions of 7.4% and 18.1%, respectively were evident. Anemia indicators, feed intake, and lamb growth were unaffected by treatment.

Conclusions

Levamisole reduced the Haemonchus parasite burden in lambs significantly but feeding Mucuna reduced the burden by levels unlikely to eliminate the clinical effects of parasitism.     

真菌的中药干预研究近5年进展

近年来真菌感染率逐年上升,传统抗真菌药物易产生耐药性,而中药在防治真菌感染方面具有一定的优势。本文就近5年来中药对白念珠菌、皮肤癣菌、曲霉菌、马拉色菌、串珠镰孢菌、申克孢子丝菌、新生隐球菌及真菌生物膜的干预研究进展进行综述。     

Investigation of plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts

Aim of the study

To investigate the activities of the 217 plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts.

Materials and methods

Plant extracts were prepared by the method of maceration using solvents of different polarities. The growth inhibition of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strain (FcB1) was determined by measuring the radioactivity of the tritiated hypoxanthine incorporated. Activity against Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi and Trypanosoma cruzi was measured by the MTT colorimetric assay. The antifungal tests were carried out by using the CLSI method. The active extracts were tested also by cytotoxicity assay using NIH-3T3 cells of mammalian fibroblasts.

Results

Two hundred and seventeen extracts of plants were tested against Plasmodium falciparum. The eleven active extracts, belonging to eight plant species were evaluated against L. (L.) chagasi, Trypanosoma cruzi, yeasts and in NIH-3T3 cells. The results found in these biological models are consistent with the ethnopharmacological data of these plants. The ethyl acetate extract of Diospyros hispida root showed IC₅₀ values of 1 μg/mL against Plasmodium falciparum. This extract demonstrated no toxicity against mammalian cells, resulting in a significant selectivity index (SI) of 435.8. The dichloromethane extract of Calophyllum brasiliense root wood was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 1.95 μg/mL; and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Candida krusei LMGO 174, both with MIC of 7.81 μg/mL. The same extract was also active against Plasmodium falciparum and L. (L.) chagasi with IC₅₀ of 6.7 and 27.6 μg/mL respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of Spiranthera odoratissima leaves was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 31.25 μg/mL, and against Plasmodium falciparum with IC₅₀ of 9.2 μg/mL and Trypanosoma cruzi with IC₅₀ of 56.3 μg/mL.

Conclusion

The active extracts for protozoans and human pathogenic yeasts are considered promising to continue the search for the identification and development of leading compounds.     

贝母类药材湖北贝母Fritillaria hupehensis系统位置的探讨——来自ITS,rpl16,matK序列的证据

湖北贝母为传统中药,然而《Flora of China》将其基原植物湖北贝母Fritillaria hupehensis归并于天目贝母F.monantha项下。该实验采用分子系统学方法,以川百合Lilium davidii为外类群,用核基因ITS序列和叶绿体基因rpl16序列、matK序列等3个片段对湖北贝母及其近缘类群天目贝母F.monantha、安徽贝母F.anhuiensis等进行联合建树分析,对湖北贝母植物的系统位置进行了探讨,为湖北贝母药材的安全使用提供分子证据。结果显示,分子系统树上,3种贝母各自的居群聚为一支,之后天目贝母与安徽贝母聚为一支,最后与湖北贝母聚为一支。表明湖北贝母与天目贝母的亲缘关系可能要远于安徽贝母与天目贝母之间的关系,因此不适宜将湖北贝母归并于天目贝母。     

Antiplasmodial activity of extracts from seven medicinal plants used in malaria treatment in Cameroon

Aim of the study

In a search for new plant-derived biologically active compounds against malaria parasites, we have carried out an ethnopharmacological study to evaluate the susceptibility of cultured Plasmodium falciparum to extracts and fractions from seven Cameroonian medicinal plants used in malaria treatment. We have also explored the inhibition of the Plasmodium falciparum cysteine protease Falcipain-2.

Materials and methods

Plant materials were extracted by maceration in organic solvents, and subsequently partitioned or fractionated to afford test fractions. The susceptibility of erythrocytes and the W2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum to plant extracts was evaluated in culture. In addition, the ability of annonaceous extracts to inhibit recombinant cysteine protease Falcipain-2 was also assessed.

Results and discussion

The extracts showed no toxicity against erythrocytes. The majority of plant extracts were highly active against Plasmodium falciparumin vitro, with IC₅₀ values lower than 5 μg/ml. Annonaceous extracts (acetogenin-rich fractions and interface precipitates) exhibited the highest potency. Some of these extracts exhibited modest inhibition of Falcipain-2.

Conclusion

These results support continued investigation of components of traditional medicines as potential new antimalarial agents.     

金银花类药用植物IspE和IspH基因克隆和生物信息学分析

目的:克隆金银花类药用植物4-二磷酸胞苷-2-C-甲基赤藓糖激酶(4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase,IspE)和4-羟基-3-甲基-2-邻苯基二磷酸还原酶(4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase,IspH)基因,并对其基因序列、蛋白特性和转录活性进行分析、比较.方法:从忍冬Lonicera japonica转录组测序结果中分析获得了IspE,IspH基因.分别以忍冬、红白忍冬L.japonica var.chinensis、红腺忍冬L.hypoglauca和水忍冬L.dasystyla新鲜花蕾为材料,利用RT-PCR技术克隆获得了4种金银花类药用植物IspE和IspH基因的全长cDNA.运用生物信息学分析软件,预测编码蛋白的结构和功能,并通过RT-PCR检测IspE和IspH在忍冬、红白忍冬、红腺忍冬、水忍冬花蕾中的转录情况.结果:金银花类药用植物IspE基因含有1个完整的开放阅读框,长度为1 221 bp,编码406个氨基酸;IspH含有一个完整的开放阅读框,长度为1 380 bp,编码459个氨基酸.IspE和IspH均为非分泌蛋白,均定位于叶绿体中.RT-PCR分析结果表明在忍冬、红腺忍冬和水忍冬的花蕾中IspE,IspH基因的转录水平没有显著差异,但红白忍冬花蕾中IspE,IspH基因的转录水平均显著高于忍冬.结论:克隆获得忍冬、红白忍冬、红腺忍冬和水忍冬中IspE,IspH基因,并证实了其在不同金银花类药用植物中的表达,为进一步研究IspE,IspH基因对萜类化合物生物合成和花香气以及颜色的影响奠定了基础.     

Screening of the topical anti-inflammatory activity of the bark of Acacia cornigera Willdenow, Byrsonima crassifolia Kunth, Sweetia panamensis Yakovlev and the leaves of Sphagneticola trilobata Hitchcock

Ethnopharmacological relevance

An investigation of topical anti-inflammatory activity was undertaken on plants used in Central America traditional medicine.

Aim of study

Four herbal drugs used in the folk medicine of Central America to treat inflammatory skin affections (Acacia cornigera bark, Byrsonima crassifolia bark, Sphagneticola trilobata leaves and Sweetia panamensis bark) were evaluated for their topical anti-inflammatory activity.

Materials and methods

Petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extracts were obtained for herbal medicines and then extracts were tested on Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis model in mice.

Results

Almost all the extracts reduced the Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis in mice and the chloroform ones showed the highest activity, with ID₅₀ (dose giving 50% oedema inhibition) values ranging from 112 μg/cm² (Byrsonima crassifolia) to 183 μg/cm² (Sphagneticola trilobata). As reference, ID₅₀ of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin was 93 μg/cm².

Conclusions

Lipophilic extracts from these species can be regarded as potential sources of anti-inflammatory principles.     

α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of selected Philippine plants

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Antidesma bunius Spreng. (Phyllantaceae), Averrhoa bilimbi L. (Oxalidaceae), Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. (Oxalidaceae), Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B. Rob. (Rhizophoraceae), Kyllinga monocephala Rottb. (Cyperaceae), and Rhizophora mucronata Lam. (Rhizophoraceae) are used as remedies to control diabetes. In the present study, these plants were screened for their potential α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Materials and methods

The 80% aqueous ethanolic extracts were screened for their α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity using yeast alpha glucosidase enzyme.

Results

Except for A. bilimbi with IC₅₀ at 519.86±3.07, all manifested a significant enzyme inhibitory activity. R. mucronata manifested the highest activity with IC₅₀ at 0.08±1.82 μg mL⁻¹, followed by C. tagal with IC₅₀ at 0.85±1.46 μg mL⁻¹ and B. sensitivum with IC₅₀ at 2.24±1.58 μg mL⁻¹.

Conclusion

This is the first report on the α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of the six Philippine plants; thus, partly defining the mechanism on why these medicinal plants possess antidiabetic properties.     

European medicinal polypores – A modern view on traditional uses

Ethnopharmacological relevance

In particular five polypore species, i.e. Laetiporus sulphureus, Fomes fomentarius, Fomitopsis pinicola, Piptoporus betulinus, and Laricifomes officinalis, have been widely used in central European folk medicines for the treatment of various diseases, e.g. dysmenorrhoea, haemorrhoids, bladder disorders, pyretic diseases, treatment of coughs, cancer, and rheumatism. Prehistoric artefacts going back to over 5000 years underline the long tradition of using polypores for various applications ranging from food or tinder material to medicinal–spiritual uses as witnessed by two polypore species found among items of Ötzi, the Iceman. The present paper reviews the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and biological activity of the five mentioned polypores.

Materials and methods

All available information on the selected polypore taxa used in traditional folk medicine was collected through evaluation of literature in libraries and searches in online databases using SciFinder and Web of Knowledge.

Results

Mycochemical studies report the presence of many primary (e.g. polysaccharides) and secondary metabolites (e.g. triterpenes). Crude extracts and isolated compounds show a wide spectrum of biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities.

Conclusions

The investigated polypores possess a longstanding ethnomycological tradition in Europe. Here, we compile biological results which highlight their therapeutic value. Moreover, this work provides a solid base for further investigations on a molecular level, both compound- and target-wise.