桂枝汤对胃肠运动双向调节作用的研究Ⅱ.对胃动素、胃泌素含量的影响

桂枝汤可降低新斯的明性胃肠功能亢进大鼠的下丘脑、血液、胃窦、十二指肠和空肠胃泌素、胃动素含量的升高；也可使阿托品性胃肠功能受抑大鼠的胃泌素、胃动素含量升高，并使之趋向正常；而对正常大鼠却无明显的影响，提示本方对胃肠运动机能的双向调节是通过调节中枢下丘脑、血液、胃肠局部组织中的胃泌素、胃动素的含量而发挥作用     

桂枝汤对胃肠运动双向调节作用的研究对胃动素、胃泌素含量的影响

桂枝汤可降低新斯的明性胃肠功能亢进大鼠的下丘脑、血液、胃窦、十二指肠和空肠胃泌素、胃动素含量的升高，也可使阿托品性胃肠功能受抑大鼠的胃泌素、胃动素含量升高，并使之趋向正常；而对正常大鼠却无明显的影响，提示本方对胃肠运动机能的双向调节是通过调节中枢下丘脑、血液、胃肠局部组织中胃泌素、胃动素的含量而发挥作用。     

桂枝汤对胃肠运动双向调节作用的实验研究Ⅳ．对生长抑素含量的影响

桂枝汤可拮抗新斯的明性胃肠功能亢进大鼠的胃窦、十二指肠和空肠生长抑素含量的降低，也可使阿托品性胃肠功能受抑大鼠的生长抑素含量降低，并使之趋向正常；下丘脑和血液中的生长抑素含量变化则与之相反；对正常大鼠却无明显的影响。提示本方对胃肠运动机能的双向调节机理之一可能是通过调节中枢下丘脑、血液、胃肠局部组织中的生长抑素含量而发挥作用     

桂枝汤对胃肠运动双向调节作用的实验研究 Ⅴ.对血管活性肠肽含量的影响

桂枝汤可拮抗新斯的明性胃肠功能亢进大鼠的血液、下丘脑、十二指肠和空肠血管活性肠肽（ＶＩＰ）含量的降低，对胃窦ＶＩＰ含量无影响；也可使阿托品性胃肠运动机能受抑大鼠的ＶＩＰ含量降低，并使之趋向正常；对正常大鼠上述组织和血液中ＶＩＰ含量无明显的影响。提示本方对胃肠运动机能的双向调节机理之一可能是通过调节中枢下丘脑、血液、胃肠局部组织ＶＩＰ含量有关。     

桂枝汤对胃肠运动双向调节作用的实验研究 V．对血管活性肠肽含量的影响

桂枝汤可拮抗新斯的明性胃肠功能亢进大鼠的血液、下丘脑、十二指肠和空肠血管活性肠肽（VIP）含量的降低，对胃窦VIP含量无影响；也可使阿托品性胃肠运动机能受抑大鼠的VIP含量降低，并使之趋向正常；对正常大鼠上述组织和血液中VIP含量无明显的影响。提示本方对胃肠运动机能的双向调节机理之一可能是通过调节中枢下丘脑、血液、胃肠局部组织VIP含量有关。     

桂枝汤有效部位B对胃肠运动双向调节作用的实验研究Ⅵ—对cAMP、蛋白激酶A和C活性的影响

目的：探讨桂枝汤有效部位B(Fr．B)对胃肠运动双向调节的作用机理。方法：应用放射免疫法测定阿托品致胃肠运动受抑或新斯的明致胃肠运动亢进大鼠下丘脑及胃肠组织cAMP含量、PKA和PKC活性。结果：对阿托品致胃肠运动受抑大鼠,Fr．B可拮抗下丘脑和空肠组织cAMP含量及PKA、PKC活性的降低,对胃窦组织PKA活性的降低也具拮抗作用;对新斯的明致胃肠运动亢进大鼠,Fr．B可升高胃窦组织PKA活性、下丘脑和空肠组织PKC活性,对cAMP含量无明显影响。结论：Fr．B对胃肠运动的双向调节与其影响下丘脑及胃肠局部组织中cAMP含量和蛋白激酶活性有关。     

四种调理脾胃药对大鼠胃肠激素影响的差异性研究

目的：探讨四种经典的调理脾胃方药对大鼠胃肠激素的影响。方法：SD大鼠，分别胃饲补中益气汤、大承气汤、归脾汤、温胆汤、双蒸水，用药15天后，放免法测大鼠小肠、血液中SS、SP、VIP、NPY的含量。结果：补中益气汤可显著升高小肠及血液SS的含量；大承气汤可显著升高小肠SS、降低小肠SP、降低小肠和血液VIP的含量；归脾汤可显著升高血液SS、降低小肠和血液SP、降低小肠VIP的含量。     

糖胃安煎剂对糖尿病胃肠病变大鼠Cajal间质细胞和P物质的影响

目的:研究糖胃安煎剂对糖尿病胃肠病变大鼠胃排空的影响,并探讨其作用机制。方法:2~3月龄Wistar雄性大鼠50只,10只大鼠作为正常组,另外40只腹腔注射50 mg·kg-1链脲佐菌素(STZ)复制1型糖尿病动物模型,尾静脉随机血糖≥16.9 mmol·L-1者为糖尿病大鼠模型建立,随机分为糖尿病模型组,糖胃安煎剂高、中、低剂量(15,10,5 g·kg-1)组,每组10只,正常组和糖尿病模型组给予等量蒸馏水灌胃。8周后取材,采用放射性核素单光子发射断层显像技术(SPECT)测定胃排空,免疫组织化学技术观察胃肌间层Cajal间质细胞变化,蛋白质免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测下丘脑P物质蛋白表达。结果:与正常组比较,糖尿病模型组大鼠的胃排空显著降低,胃肌间层阳性Cajal间质细胞显著降低,下丘脑P物质蛋白表达降低(P0.01)。与糖尿病模型组比较,糖胃安煎剂高、中剂量组的胃排空率升高,Cajal间质细胞升高,下丘脑P物质蛋白表达均升高(P0.05,P0.01);糖胃安煎剂低剂量组的胃排空率,Cajal间质细胞,下丘脑P物质蛋白表达有升高趋势,但无统计学意义。结论:糖尿病胃肠病变大鼠胃排空降低,胃肌间层Cajal间质细胞减少,下丘脑P物质表达降低,糖胃安煎剂可能通过增加大鼠胃肌间层Cajal间质细胞,提高下丘脑P物质水平,促进糖尿病胃肠病变大鼠胃排空,改善胃肠动力和功能。     

桂枝汤对体温双向调节作用机理探讨——对下丘脑5-羟色胺的影响

脑室注射5-HT，一小时内能诱致大鼠发热。测定发热大鼠和体温低下大鼠下丘脑组织的5-HT及其代谢产物5-羟吲噪蜡酸(5-HIAA)的含量，发现在发热动物中5-HT含量升高．5-HIAA含量下降；在低体温大鼠．5-HT和5-HIAA含量均较正常降低。桂枝汤口饲给药，既能抑制5-HT脑室注射引起的发热反应；在解热扣提高低体温动物肛温的同时．能使发热大鼠下丘脑中5-HT含量显著降低，5-HIAA含量升高；使低体温大鼠下丘脑的5-NT含量上升、5-HIAA含量下降。实验结果提示．桂枝汤对体温的双向调节，部分通过影响体温中枢神经递质5-HT实现的．     

桂枝汤对体温双向调节作用机理探讨──对下丘脑5－羟色胺的影响

脑室注射５－ＨＴ，一小时内能诱致大鼠发热。测定发热大鼠和体温低下大鼠下丘脑组织的５－ＨＴ及其代谢产物５一羟吲哚醋酸（５－ＨＩＡＡ）的含量，发现在发热动物中５－ＨＴ含量升高，５－ＨＩＡＡ含量下降；在低体温大鼠，５－ＨＴ和５－ＨＩＡＡ含量均较正常降低。桂枝汤口饲给药，既能抑制５－ＨＴ脑室注射引起的发热反应；在解热和提高低体温动物肛温的同时，能使发热大鼠下丘脑中５－ＨＴ含量显著降低，５－ＨＩＡＡ含量升高；使低体温大鼠下丘脑的５－ＨＴ含量上升、５－ＨＩＡＡ含量下降。实验结果提示，桂枝汤对体温的双向调节，部分通过影响体温中枢神经递质５－ＨＴ实现的。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素

目的建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)直接稀释测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素(Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V、As、Cd和Hg)的方法。方法分别对微波消解条件和测试条件进行考察;样品经微波消解后,采用电感耦合质谱仪测定25种矿物质元素,并对测定方法学进行考察。结果确定最佳消解条件为3步缓慢升温:400 W 80℃升温10 min,保留5 min;600 W 120℃升温10 min,保留5 min;900 W 200℃升温20 min,保留20 min;25种矿物质元素在各自的线性范围内线性关系良好,r≥0.999 6,精密度、稳定性和重复性试验的RSD均符合定量分析要求;加标回收率为94.7%~106.1%,RSD在0.34%~2.79%。脉络宁注射液中检测出Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V,未检出As、Cd和Hg。结论该方法简便、迅速、准确,适用于脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素的同时测定。     

Die Lateralität und Lateralitätsinstabilität in der Diagnostik und Therapie

The disturbance and instability of laterality are obstacles to diagnostics and therapy. Correction prior to starting therapy is required. They also predispose toward defined health problems and unspecific diseases. Numerous research activities provide evidence of the relevance of undisturbed laterality in diagnostics and therapy. Techniques of testing and therapeutic corrections will allow for optimized therapy success.     

Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science Instructions for Authors

The Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science, a journal with an international scope （IS SN 1672-3597, CN 31-1908/R, Bimonthly）, is embodied by ＇Springer Verlag＇ Database, Index Copernicus （IC） and Chinese Scientific and Technical Paper and Citations Data （CSTPCD）. You can search full text on http：//www, springerlink, com/content/1672 -3597.     

Yerba Mate or Paraguay Tea

正Beverages based on Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.are used in the south Brazil and other Latin American countries located at the so-called southern cone.It is known as chimarro or mate in south and southeast Brazil,tererêin     

Ethnopharmacologic study of chinese rhubarb

This paper deals with an interdisciplinary study covering historic, botanical, phytochemical, pharmacological and clinical aspects of rhubarb and related species, to lay stress on the correlation between plant phylogeny, chemical constituents and purgative activity.

It was found that the official rhubarbs were exclusively restricted in the Sect. Palmata e.g. Rheum palmatum R. palmatum var. tanguticum R. officinale; the following criteria may serve as their standard, viz., the presence of sennoside derivatives and rhein, the occurrence of the reduced form of rhein and aloe-emodin, the leaves with any kind of palmate incision. Comprehensive multivariate analyses showed that there is a very close relationship between the leaf incision, existence of sennosides or rhein and purgative activity.     

Wirksamkeit der Akupunktur bei der Therapie von idiopathischen Schmeckstörungen: Eine randomisierte Placebo-kontrollierte Studie

Background

At present, the state-of-the-art medication in treating idiopathic taste disorder (gustatory dysfunction) is zinc. If zinc medication was unsuccessful, not tolerated or if it is contraindicated the persons affected can hardly be helped.

Objectives

In a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial an attempt was made to determine the efficacy of acupuncture.

Methods

The treatment group was treated with acupuncture needles, the placebo group with an inactive acupuncture-laser. Endpoints of the study were changes in the taste test, the quality of life and the severity of symptoms of depression (BDI) as well as mood changes (ZMS). Satisfaction with the success of the respective therapy was also evaluated. Data were collected before and after therapy and again for the treatment group 10 weeks after completion of the treatment period.

Findings

Treatment with real acupuncture showed a significant improvement in gustatory function as well as a significant improvement in psychological symptoms. Greater satisfaction with the treatment results was evident in the treatment group. The treatment results of acupuncture remained stable over a period of ten weeks after completion of the treatment.

Conclusion

Acupuncture was effective in the therapy of idiopathic taste disorders and therefore it is an effective alternative when zinc medication is not tolerated or unsuccessful. But it is also suitable as a therapy of first choice. Acupuncture can be considered as an extension of the therapeutic spectrum in the difficult treatment of taste disorders.     

Veränderungen der Herzratenvariabilität (HRV) während Low Level Lasernadelakupunktur: Placebokontrollierte Studie an 19 herzgesunden Probanden

Background

Experimental and clinical studies postulate a neurobiological mechanism of acupuncture by modulating central pain systems, neurohormones and -transmitters. It seems to be quite likely that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays an important mediating role in this neuromodulation.

Aim

In measuring heart rate variability (HRV), as a non-invasive approach to the ANS-function, the object of this study was to monitor probable acupuncture-induced changes of autonomic balance. The innovative technology of laser-needle acupuncture offers for the first time a stimulation method which fulfils the demands on a placebo-controlled acupuncture trial not requiring controversial sham acupuncture.

Method

19 healthy voluntary subjects underwent 3 treatments in randomized sequence, consisting of placebo-, 1-point- (PC 6) and simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle-stimulation over 20 minutes. Before, during and after placebo-/verum laser-needle acupuncture, HRV-data for normalized HF(high frequency)- and LF(low frequency)-Power (nHF, nLF) and their quotient nLF/nHF obtained by power spectrum analysis (FFT), were measured and analyzed statistically at 5 different time points (ANOVA repeated measures, p < 0,05).

Results

During both verum applications, the 1-point- (PC 6) as well as the simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle stimulation, significant changes of the ANS-activity were found in comparison to the placebo application. The most significant modification of HRV was an increase of nHF (p < 0,05 (PC 6), p < 0,0001 (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3)) as an expression of growing vagal activity during acupuncture.

Conclusion

Laser-needle acupuncture causes in 1-point-stimulation (PC 6) as well as in simultaneous 3-point-stimulation (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) significant changes in HRV in comparison to placebo application. HRV-monitoring seems to be a suitable approach in exploration of acupuncture-induced changes of ANS and could possibly be established in combination with laser needle acupuncture as a standard for further scientific and clinical acupuncture investigations which are greatly needed.     

瑞香科五属植物中酚性聚合物的结构特征、分布及药理活性研究进展

瑞香科植物广泛分布于世界热带和温带地区,其中多种植物可供药用。在对该科植物的研究中发现,黄酮类、木脂素和香豆素等酚性化合物的低聚体为其重要的特征性成分,药理活性主要表现在抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗氧化、抗菌和抗病毒等方面。对已发现的酚性聚合体的化学结构、植物来源及药理活性进行综述,为瑞香科植物今后的研究和开发利用提供参考。     

HPLC法同时测定沉香化滞丸中11种成分

目的采用HPLC梯度洗脱法同时测定沉香化滞丸中沉香四醇、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、和厚朴酚、大黄素、厚朴酚、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚11种成分。方法采用Thermo Syncronis C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为水-乙腈,梯度洗脱:0～10 min,20%乙腈;10～20 min,20%～40%乙腈;20～24 min,40%乙腈;24～26 min,40%～52%乙腈;26～30 min,52%乙腈;30～31 min,52%～90%乙腈;31～35 min,90%乙腈;35～40 min,90%～100%乙腈;40～43min,100%乙腈;43～45min,100%～20%乙腈;检测波长215nm,体积流量1.0m L/min,柱温30℃,进样量20μL。结果各成分在43 min内分离良好,沉香四醇、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、和厚朴酚、大黄素、厚朴酚、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚的线性范围分别为1.4～13.6、10.0～200.0、31.5～315.0、1.0～120.1、1.8～50.6、0.93～10.1、1.8～30.0、0.2～40.3、1.8～18.1、1.7～25.0、0.45～10.70μg/mL;样品中各成分的平均回收率均在98.90%～100.87%;11种成分精密度RSD在0.55%～1.54%;供试品溶液在30 h内稳定性良好,RSD在0.75%～1.94%;重复性RSD在0.39%～1.73%。6批次样品中沉香四醇、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、和厚朴酚、大黄素、厚朴酚、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚质量分数分别为92.0～201.0、511.5～9 033.0、5 475.0～12 635.5、54.5～5 095.5、192.0～2 137.5、117.0～391.5、106.5～1 281.5、13.0～136.5、93.5～199.0、177.0～1 207.0、33.5～251.5μg/g。结论本方法准确、快速、简便,重复性好,精密度高,适用于沉香化滞丸中多种活性成分的定量分析。