不同处理对叶下珠种子萌发的影响

叶下珠Phyllanthus urinaria L.为大戟科叶下珠属植物,全草入药,有清肝明目、利尿、降血糖、降压、解毒和消积等功效.其活性成分主要为酚类、萜类、黄酮、生物碱以及脂类化合物,其中短叶苏木酚酸甲酯等成分具明显的抗乙肝病毒的活性和护肝作用.另外有报道称叶下珠的水提物杠香藤酸A(repandusinic acid A)有抑制抗艾滋病毒逆转录酶活性的作用.     

叶下珠水溶性成分提取工艺的研究

叶下珠(Phyllanthus urinaria L)系大戟科叶下珠属植物,又名珍珠草等,具有平肝清热、利水解毒之功效.用以治疗肠炎、痢疾、传染性肝炎等疾病[1].本品资源丰富,分布十分广泛.近年来国内外均用于治疗病毒性乙型肝炎[2],经鸭乙肝病毒体内实验,苦味叶下珠的水浸出液及植物干粉显示出抗病毒感染的活性[3],水提取液中分离得到的鞣料云实精经抗癌活性作用较强[4],我们通过对福建产叶下珠的化学成分和抗乙肝病毒活性研究,发现鞣料云实精为其主要活性成分[5],为有效开发和充分利用叶下珠中有效成分,我们以水提取率、正丁醇萃取率、鞣料云实精含量作为评价指标,采用正交试验等方法对其提取工艺进行了研究.     

叶下珠抗乙肝病毒研究概况

乙型肝炎病毒感染是引起慢性乙型肝炎、肝硬化、肝细胞癌的关键原因,抗乙肝病毒是治疗上述疾病的重要手段,近年报道叶下珠具有较好的抗乙肝病毒的作用,从实验研究及临床研究总结了叶下珠抗乙肝病毒的研究进展。     

叶下珠治疗慢性乙型肝炎摄要

大戟科油柑属植物苦味叶下珠具有明显的抗乙肝病毒（HBV）作用,对体内外抗病毒、临床治疗均有较好疗效。此外,苦味叶下珠还有提高免疫、保护肝细胞损伤和抗肝纤维化作用。就叶下珠近年来的研究作简要概述,同时也指出了目前研究中存在的问题,以期今后对叶下珠治疗慢性乙型肝炎的研究有所裨益。     

叶下珠治疗慢性乙型肝炎摄要

大戟科油柑属植物苦味叶下珠具有明显的抗乙肝病毒(HBV)作用,对体内外抗病毒、临床治疗均有较好疗效.此外,苦味叶下珠还有提高免疫力、保护肝细胞损伤和抗肝纤维化作用.就叶下珠近年来的研究作简要概述,同时也指出了目前研究中存在的问题,以期今后对叶下珠治疗慢性乙型肝炎的研究有所裨益.     

大孔吸附树脂纯化叶下珠总鞣质的研究

叶下珠(Phyllanthus urinaria L.)为大戟科(Euphorlbiaceae)叶下珠属Pyyllanthus L.的全草,别名珍珠草、真珠草、夜合草、阴阳草、油柑草,最早收载于<生草药性备要>中,具有平肝清热、利水解毒之效,用于治疗肠炎、痢疾、尿路感染、无名肿痛等.已有研究证明叶下珠中含有的鞣质类成分为叶下珠中主要的抗乙肝病毒活性成分~([1]).为了开发一种治疗乙肝的有效部位新药,对叶下珠总鞣质的纯化工艺进行了研究.     

叶下珠栽培技术及药材质量研究

叶下珠又名珍珠草,关门草等,为大戟科叶下珠属植物叶下珠Phyllanthus urinariaL·的全草,具有平肝清热、利水解毒的功效[1]。近年来通过对叶下珠化学成分、药理作用等方面的研究,充分验证叶下珠具有抗乙肝病毒(HBV)、保肝护肝作用[2-5],且不良反应小,成为治疗乙型肝炎的重要天然药物,已开发出多种制剂应用于临床。叶下珠在我国分布较广[6],过去主要依靠采集野生资源,为了保证药材质量,保持原料药材内在品质的均一性,我们开展了叶下珠野生变家种和规范化栽培技术研究,通过对不同产地叶下珠的有效成分和微量元素进行分析,证明人工栽培叶下珠…     

影响叶下珠对乙型肝炎病毒疗效的因素探讨

综述影响叶下珠对乙型肝炎病毒疗效的若干因素,表明叶下珠抗乙肝病毒有效,不同的病例选择以及叶下珠的亚种、产地,使用方法乃至复合用药均可影响疗效。     

叶下珠属植物对鸭乙肝病毒的影响

五种澳大利亚的叶下珠属植物和另几种植物的提取物以及抗病毒药膦甲酸三钠等对鸭乙肝病毒(DHBV)和内源脱氧核糖核酸聚合酶(DNAP)的影响作了比较。所试五种叶下珠属植物的提取液在相当于干重350～800μg/ml 浓度时都能达到50%的抑制。这可与苦味叶下珠对人和土拨鼠乙肝病毒的作用相比。将硬毛叶下珠和100倍于 ID_(50)鸭乙肝病毒共同培养能消除感染.然而,尽管每周三次给感染初期的雏鸭腹腔注射20mg/kg 格司叶下珠或给已确定为雏鸭乙肝病毒携带的鸭硬毛叶下珠提取物,都未能防止或消除病毒的感染。     

叶下珠珠子草短叶苏木酚酸甲酯对血小板凝集的抑制作用

叶下珠珠子草主要用于治疗泌尿系紊乱、肠内感染、糖尿病和肝炎等疾病，具有抗疟原虫、抗疟疾、抗尿结石、抗炎等活性，其化学成分包括鞣酸、木脂素、多糖、生物碱和黄酮等。本次采用胶原蛋白和腺苷二磷酸（ADP）作为血小板凝集的活化剂，应用血小板集合度计、激光衍射技术，研究了珠子草抗血小板凝集的活性成分及其抑制程度。     

叶下珠抗肝细胞损伤作用机制

叶下珠能明显降低CCl4引起的小鼠血清ALT的升高,抑制肝脏MDA的生成。叶下珠体外与大鼠肝细胞共同孵育,能抑制CCl4所致肝细胞膜流动性降低,降低〔Ca²⁺〕i浓度。结果提示,叶下珠保护肝脏损伤作用可能与其抗指质过氧化和膜保护作用有关。     

Chemical constituents of Phyllanthus urinaria L. and its antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus]

Studies on the chemical constituents of Phyllanthus urinaria and its antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus were completed. Eleven compounds have been isolated. Two of them are new compounds methyl ester dehydrochebulic acid and methyl brevifolin carboxylate. Antiviral experiments on HBsAg in vitro and liver damage caused by CCl4 have shown that. Phyllanthus urinaria possesses antiviral activities against HBV.     

Effects of Phyllanthus urinaria extract on HepG2 cell viability and oxidative phosphorylation by isolated rat liver mitochondria

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Phyllanthus urinaria is widely used as anti-inflammatory, anti-diarrheal and hepatoprotective medicines in Asian countries such as India, China and Thailand. In Thailand, Phyllanthus urinaria is traditionally used as an adjuvant or alternative medicine for cancer patients, including liver cancer. However, there is limited scientific evidence supporting its use in cancer particularly hepatocellular carcinoma.

Aim of the study

To investigate the cytotoxic effect of Phyllanthus urinaria extract on human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells and the effect on oxidative phosphorylation by isolated rat liver mitochondria.

Materials and methods

HepG2 cells and isolated rat liver mitochondria were treated with the 50% methanolic extract of Phyllanthus urinaria. Cytotoxicity of the extract was assessed by trypan blue exclusion and MTT assay. Rates of oxygen consumption of isolated mitochondria were determined with a Clark oxygen electrode.

Results

It was found that the hydromethanolic extract induced cell death of HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent fashion. The IC₅₀ of Phyllanthus urinaria extract measured by trypan blue exclusion and MTT assay were 431 ± 65 μg/ml and 445 ± 62 μg/ml, respectively. Morphological changes of the cells were also observed. With isolated rat liver mitochondria, the extract slightly stimulated mitochondrial state 4 respiration but profoundly depressed state 3 respiration and respiratory control ratio.

Conclusions

The extract impairs energy metabolism by acting as inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation and weak mitochondrial uncoupler. These mitochondrial effects may play a role in the cytotoxic action of Phyllanthus urinaria extract on HepG2 cells. These results provide preliminary experimental evidence supporting the use of Phyllanthus urinaria against hepatocellular carcinoma and open the possibility of considering this plant an adjunctive medicine for the treatment of this deadly disease.     

叶下珠人工种植正交实验研究

目的:研究人工种植条件下叶下珠的生长发育规律、产量构成及影响因素,为叶下珠规范化种植提供依据。方法:3因素3水平正交设计田间实验,并将种植叶下珠与野生叶下珠进行性状比较。结果与结论:人工种植条件下叶下珠的株高、分枝数、单株干重等性状均比野生叶下珠有极大的提高,其中单株产量提高达3.27倍;播种期是影响叶下珠单位面积产量和单株性状的最敏感因素,不同播种密度和施肥水平对产量也有显著影响;叶下珠4月中旬前期播种,20 cm行距条播,1周左右开始出苗,6至8月为生长旺盛期,9月份生长减缓,10月下旬采收,每公顷产量可达5 750 kg。     

叶下珠多酚化合物的分离与鉴定

目的：研究叶下珠的化学成分。方法：色谱法分离纯化,现代波谱法鉴定结构。结果和结论：分离鉴定了1个新的多酚类,定名为叶下珠素F。     

不同产地叶下珠药材中总酚含量测定

目的:建立不同产地叶下珠药材中总酚的含量测定方法.方法:以柯里拉京为对照品,三氯化铁-铁氰化钾为显色剂,检测波长744 nm,采用UV测定11个不同产地叶下珠药材中总酚的含量.结果:柯里拉京在0.604 ～ 3.02 mg·L-1线性关系良好(r =0.999 1),平均加样回收率99.79％,RSD 2.72％.不同产地叶下珠药材中总酚质量分数5.00％ ～ 12.16％.结论:该方法简单准确、重复性好,可用于叶下珠药材中总酚含量的测定.     

冬凌草中酚酸类化学成分研究

 目的 研究冬凌草中的酚酸类化学成分。方法 新鲜冬凌草用70%丙酮水溶液组织破碎提取,然后用Diaion HP-20,Toyopearl HW-40,MCI Gel,Silica Gel色谱柱分离得到单体化合物,经波谱分析鉴定其化学结构。结果 得到了4个酚酸类化合物,分别是咖啡酸(Ⅰ),水杨酸(Ⅱ),迷迭香酸(Ⅲ),迷迭香酸甲酯(Ⅳ)。结论 除水杨酸外,其它3个化合物均为首次从冬凌草及其同属植物中分离得到。     

印度、海南、河南产叶下珠属治疗乙型肝炎的疗效观察

采用河南省蜜柑草PhyllanthusurinariaL.海南省小返魂P.niruriL.及印度提供的苦味叶下珠P.amarusL.治疗乙肝患者各35例、42例、11例。结果P.urinariaL.组对HBeAg有转阴作用,对HBeAb有转阳作用,其余2种皆无这种作用。上述3种对HBsAg转阴皆无作用。     

叶下珠化学成分研究

目的研究叶下珠Phyllanthus urinaria全草的化学成分。方法应用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20、RP_(18)、MCI-gel柱色谱和半制备HPLC等色谱方法对叶下珠的乙醇提取物进行分离纯化;根据理化性质和波谱学方法鉴定化合物的结构。结果从叶下珠95%乙醇提取物的石油醚和醋酸乙酯萃取部位中分离得到16个化合物,分别鉴定为没食子酸(1)、咖啡酸(2)、没食子酸乙酯(3)、没食子酸甲酯(4)、4-乙氧基苯甲酸(5)、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(6)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(7)、(4R,6R)-2,3-dihydromenisdaurilide(8)、(4R,6S)-2,3-dihydromenisdaurilide(9)、aquilegiolide(10)、menisdaurilide(11)、cassipourol(12)、(9Z,12Z)-nonadeca-9,12-dienoic acid(13)、亚油酸甲酯(14)、豆甾醇(15)、(8R,8'S,7S)-4'-(3"-methoxyrhamnopyranosyl)oxy-8'-hydroxy-3,3',4-trimethoxy-8-hydroxymethyl-lign-7,9'-lactone(16)。结论化合物5~7、10、11、13、14为首次从该植物中分离得到,化合物8、9、12、16为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

Bioactivity‐guided Fractionation of Phyllanthus orbicularis and Identification of the Principal Anti HSV‐2 Compounds

The antiherpes virus properties of Phyllanthus orbicularis Kunth, a Cuban‐endemic medicinal plant, have been reported previously but data on its phytochemical profile and identification of antiviral metabolites as well as their mechanisms of action are still lacking. In this work, a bioactivity‐guided phytochemical analysis was performed in order to isolate anti HSV‐2 compounds. P. orbicularis contained mainly phenolic acids derivatives and flavonoids. The antiviral effects were attributed to (?)‐epicatechin‐3‐O‐gallate (EC₅₀ = 11.7 µg/mL), procyanidins B1 and B2 (EC₅₀ = 32.8 µg/mL and 24.2 µg/mL, respectively) as well as oligomeric and polymeric procyanidins and their gallate derivatives. The antiviral mechanisms of the active P. orbicularis extracts and fractions were also investigated and the inhibition of several HSV‐2 early replication events and DNA synthesis were observed. This is the first study of extensive fractionation and phytochemical characterization of phenolic compounds from this species. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.