羊耳菊药材的HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的:建立羊耳菊药材的高效液相指纹图谱,并对共有色谱峰进行指认,为其质量控制方法提出科学依据。方法:采用HPLC-DAD检测法,Agilent Eclipse Plus C18柱(2.1 mm×150 mm,1.8μm);流动相0.1%甲酸水-0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液梯度洗脱;柱温45℃;检测波长325 nm;流速0.3 m L·min-1。结果:对10批羊耳菊药材进行测定,标定了17个共有峰,指认了其中5个共有峰,10批羊耳菊药材的相似度均在0.95以上。结论:该方法可靠、简便,可用于羊耳菊药材的质量评价。     

鸡血藤木质部、韧皮部黄酮类成分比较及药效成分分布规律研究

目的:建立HPLC-ESI-MS法鉴定比较鸡血藤木质部、韧皮部中黄酮类成分;建立HPLC-PDA法同时测定鸡血藤木质部、韧皮部中5种黄酮类成分(儿茶素、表儿茶素、大豆苷、芒柄花苷、芒柄花素)的含量。方法:HPLCESI-MS法采用DiamonsilC_(18)色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5.0μm),流动相为乙腈(A)-0.1%甲酸溶液(B),梯度洗脱,流速0.7 m L/min,柱温:25℃。离子阱质谱,负离子模式扫描。结果:从鸡血藤木质部中检测到23种黄酮类成分,韧皮部中检测到21种黄酮类成分。鸡血藤木质部中5种黄酮类成分的含量高于韧皮部。结论:木质部的药效成分含量高于韧皮部,为鸡血藤的"辨状论质"提供理论数据。     

乐脉颗粒的HPLC指纹图谱及其成分鉴定

目的:建立乐脉颗粒的指纹图谱,并对主要有效成分进行鉴定和含量测定。方法:采用高效液相色谱法建立乐脉颗粒的HPLC-DAD指纹图谱,采用Phenomenex Luna C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相甲醇(A)-水(B)梯度洗脱,流速1.0 m L·min-1,检测波长210 nm,柱温30℃。结果:建立了乐脉颗粒的指纹图谱,确定了16个色谱峰为共有峰,10批乐脉颗粒的指纹图谱相似度良好,并对6个化学成分进行了指认和含量测定。结论:该指纹图谱的建立可对该制剂规范药用资源及质量评价提供科学依据。     

延胡索抗心肌缺血活性部位指纹图谱中化学成分分析

目的:运用LC-MS²技术对延胡索抗心肌缺血活性部位指纹图谱中化学成分进行分析,初步了解其主要活性成分.方法:采用迪马公司Diamonsil C₁₈柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm),流动相为乙腈-水(含0.8%冰醋酸和0.2%三乙胺23:77),流速1 mL·min^-1,检测波长335 nm,柱温30℃.结果:建立了延胡索抗心肌缺血活性部位的HPLC指纹图谱,确立了指纹图谱中的12个共有峰,根据所检测到化合物的色谱保留时间及多级质谱信息,与对照品比较,对其中8个色谱峰进行了指认.结论:本方法为延胡索抗心肌缺血活性部位的质量控制提供了依据.     

大血藤药材的UPLC指纹图谱分析

目的:研究大血藤药材的UPLC指纹图谱.方法:采用色谱法,Agilent ZORBAX RRHD Eclipse Plus C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8 μm),洗脱系统0.05％乙酸水-甲醇梯度洗脱,检测波长280 nm,流速0.3 mL· min-1,柱温35℃.测定10批大血藤、2批鸡血藤及1批五香血藤的指纹图谱.结果:建立了大血藤药材UPLC指纹图谱分析方法,确立了19个共有峰,指认了4个峰.10批大血藤药材相似度＞0.837,大血藤与混淆品(鸡血藤和五香血藤)的指纹图谱具有明显差异.结论:建立的方法快速、准确、重复性好,为评价和控制大血藤药材的质量提供参考.     

基于HPLC-Q-TOF-MS和HPLC-DAD的广金钱草主要活性成分分析

目的通过高效液相色谱串联四极杆飞行时间质谱法(HPLC-Q-TOF-MS)鉴定广金钱草中主要活性成分,通过高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器(HPLC-DAD)法同时测定广金钱草中7种黄酮类成分(夏佛塔苷、异夏佛塔苷、维采宁-2、异荭草苷、异牡荆苷、木犀草素、芹菜素)的量。方法采用Phenomenex Kinetex C_(18)色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),以甲醇(A)-0.2%甲酸水(B)为流动相梯度洗脱进行色谱分离,体积流量为1.0 mL/min,柱温40℃;Q-TOF-MS在电喷雾负离子模式下采集数据,分流比为1:1;采用HPLC-DAD法定量,检测波长为272 nm。结果采用HPLC-Q-TOF-MS法鉴定了广金钱草中的41种主要活性成分,其中包括37个黄酮类成分,4个酚酸类成分。成功建立了同时测定广金钱草中7种黄酮类成分的HPLC-DAD法,各成分的线性关系良好(r0.9990),精密度、重复性和稳定性良好,回收率在96.7%~102.4%(n=6),RSD均小于4.94%。结论通过HPLC-Q-TOF-MS联用技术,为阐明广金钱草药效物质基础提供参考;建立的HPLC-DAD法同时测定广金钱草中7种黄酮类成分的定量分析方法简便、快捷、准确,为综合评价广金钱草的质量提供参考。     

灯盏细辛注射液和灯盏花素的HPLC-DAD对比分析

目的:比较灯盏细辛注射液和灯盏花素的成分异同.方法:高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测法(HPLC-DAD):Hyper-sil ODS2(250×4.6mm,5μm)色谱柱,乙腈-水-磷酸(18:82:0.2)为流动相,流速0.8ml/min,检测波长286nm,柱温40℃.结果:灯盏细辛注射液色谱图中有10个峰的紫外光谱与咖啡酸的吸收带和谱线轮廓相似、野黄芩苷的峰极低;灯盏花素片色谱图的主要峰为野黄芩苷峰.结论:临床用途相同的灯盏细辛注射液与灯盏花素片在主要化学成分类型上截然不同.     

HPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS联用技术研究大株红景天胶囊指纹图谱

建立了大株红景天胶囊HPLC-DAD指纹图谱分析方法,色谱柱为Agilent Eclipse Plus-C_(18)(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),以流动相甲醇-0.1%甲酸水溶液进行梯度洗脱,柱温35℃,流速1.0 m L·min~(-1),检测波长276 nm,采用该方法测定市售10批大株红景天胶囊,并用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统(2004A)软件进行指纹图谱分析,确定了21个色谱峰作为指纹图谱共有峰,同时对扣除峰面积超过总峰面积50%的单个共有峰前后10批样品的相似度结果进行分析比较,发现10批样品的相似度均大于0.940。采用HPLC/Q-TOF-MS对指纹图谱中的共有峰进行指认,确定了21个共有峰的分子式,结合对照品及质谱信息对其中11个指纹峰进行结构推断。该研究首次采用HPLC建立大株红景天胶囊的指纹图谱并结合HPLC/Q-TOFMS对指纹峰进行指认,该方法具有良好的精密度、稳定性和重复性,为大株红景天胶囊的质量评价提供依据。     

芪葛颗粒HPLC指纹图谱的研究

目的建立芪葛颗粒(黄芪、葛根、陈皮)的HPLC指纹图谱,为芪葛颗粒的质量评价提供方法。方法样品经50%甲醇提取后,采用RP-HPLC法检测,色谱柱为Hypersil ODS2 C_(18)柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);以0.1%柠檬酸水溶液-甲醇为流动相,梯度洗脱;流速1.0 mL·min~(-1);检测波长250 nm;柱温30℃。采用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统(2004A版),对10批不同批次的芪葛颗粒化学成分指纹图谱进行相似度计算,并且通过与对照品比较对主要共有峰进行指认。结果芪葛颗粒HPLC-DAD指纹图谱中标定了22个共有峰,各峰分离度良好,18个共有峰可归属到各药材,其中12,18,20号峰来源于黄芪,1,2,3,5,7,8,9,13,14,16,17,19,20号峰来源葛根,15,21,22号峰来源于陈皮。并指认了12个色谱峰,3号峰为3'-羟基葛根素、5号峰为葛根素、9号峰为大豆苷、12号峰为毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、13号峰为染料木苷、15号峰为橙皮苷、17号峰为大豆苷元、18号峰为毛蕊异黄酮、19号峰为染料木素、20号峰为芒柄花素、21号峰为川陈皮素、22号峰为桔皮素。结论该方法具有良好的精密度、重复性、稳定性,各共有峰间分离度高,可用于芪葛颗粒的质量综合评价。     

鸡血藤黄酮类提取物SSCE安全性及抗肿瘤作用的研究

目的:明确鸡血藤黄酮类提取物SSCE的安全性及抗肿瘤作用。方法:利用MTT法检测SSCE对小鼠乳腺癌细胞4T1和正常成纤维细胞L929生长的影响;并以受试物可允许的最大给药浓度(40 mg/mL)、小鼠最大给药容积(0.4mL/10 g),每日单次给药,连续观察14 d内有无毒性反应和死亡。结果:SSCE对4T1和L929细胞均有生长抑制作用,72h半数抑制浓度IC50值分别为19.12μg/mL和120.1μg/mL,对L929细胞的LD5是对4T1细胞IC95的5.1倍;除雌性小鼠在最大给药剂量下出现白细胞数减少、肝脏质量减轻外,雌性和雄性小鼠未出现明显毒性反应和死亡。结论:鸡血藤提取物SSCE安全范围较大,并具有抑制乳腺癌细胞生长的作用。     

Investigation of plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts

Aim of the study

To investigate the activities of the 217 plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts.

Materials and methods

Plant extracts were prepared by the method of maceration using solvents of different polarities. The growth inhibition of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strain (FcB1) was determined by measuring the radioactivity of the tritiated hypoxanthine incorporated. Activity against Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi and Trypanosoma cruzi was measured by the MTT colorimetric assay. The antifungal tests were carried out by using the CLSI method. The active extracts were tested also by cytotoxicity assay using NIH-3T3 cells of mammalian fibroblasts.

Results

Two hundred and seventeen extracts of plants were tested against Plasmodium falciparum. The eleven active extracts, belonging to eight plant species were evaluated against L. (L.) chagasi, Trypanosoma cruzi, yeasts and in NIH-3T3 cells. The results found in these biological models are consistent with the ethnopharmacological data of these plants. The ethyl acetate extract of Diospyros hispida root showed IC₅₀ values of 1 μg/mL against Plasmodium falciparum. This extract demonstrated no toxicity against mammalian cells, resulting in a significant selectivity index (SI) of 435.8. The dichloromethane extract of Calophyllum brasiliense root wood was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 1.95 μg/mL; and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Candida krusei LMGO 174, both with MIC of 7.81 μg/mL. The same extract was also active against Plasmodium falciparum and L. (L.) chagasi with IC₅₀ of 6.7 and 27.6 μg/mL respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of Spiranthera odoratissima leaves was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 31.25 μg/mL, and against Plasmodium falciparum with IC₅₀ of 9.2 μg/mL and Trypanosoma cruzi with IC₅₀ of 56.3 μg/mL.

Conclusion

The active extracts for protozoans and human pathogenic yeasts are considered promising to continue the search for the identification and development of leading compounds.     

Effect of feeding Mucuna pruriens on helminth parasite infestation in lambs

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume anecdotally reputed to have anthelmintic properties. This study was conducted to examine the validity of such claims.

Aim of the study

The aim of this study was to determine if ingestion of Mucuna seeds reduces helminth parasite infestation in lambs.

Materials and methods

Thirty-six Dorper × Katahdin ram lambs were assigned to three treatments, a cottonseed meal based control diet, a diet in which Mucuna replaced cottonseed meal and the control diet with levamisole (7.5 mg/kg body weight) administration. All diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. The 12 lambs in each treatment were assigned randomly to 4 pens, each containing 3 lambs. Lambs were trickle infected three times per week by gavage with infectious Haemonchus contortus larvae (2000 larvae/lamb) for 3 weeks.

Results

Levamisole treatment decreased fecal egg counts by 87% and abomasal worm counts by 83%. Mucuna intake did not statistically affect fecal egg counts or abomasal worm counts, though numerical (P > 0.10) reductions of 7.4% and 18.1%, respectively were evident. Anemia indicators, feed intake, and lamb growth were unaffected by treatment.

Conclusions

Levamisole reduced the Haemonchus parasite burden in lambs significantly but feeding Mucuna reduced the burden by levels unlikely to eliminate the clinical effects of parasitism.     

中国石斛属植物文献计量研究

石斛是珍稀濒危中药材,目前正处于快速发展阶段。为全面了解我国石斛属植物研究的历史和发展现状,作者以1954～2010年"中国知网中国学术期刊网络出版总库"收录的石斛研究文献为依据,采用文献计量学的原理和方法,对我国石斛属植物研究文献从文献年代分布、期刊分布与被引频率、主题分布、研究对象分布、作者与研究机构分布等方面进行了统计与分析。结果表明,我国石斛研究明显分为起步(2个)、停滞、平稳发展、快速上升5个阶段;期刊分布存在离散性与集中性并存的现象,已形成核心期刊研究群,并以《中国中药杂志》、《中草药》和《陕西中医》为代表;研究主题广泛涉及临床与药理、组织培养与种苗繁育、成分分析等多个领域,已经形成比较稳定的研究机构和团队,但研究对象差异显著,以铁皮石斛、金钗石斛和霍山石斛最为集中。我国石斛属植物的研究已取得显著成果,但种植产业发展缓慢,供需矛盾突出,预计种苗繁育与人工种植、产品开发、化学与药理等方面是未来的研究热点,其文献报道仍将进一步上升。     

Screening of the topical anti-inflammatory activity of the bark of Acacia cornigera Willdenow, Byrsonima crassifolia Kunth, Sweetia panamensis Yakovlev and the leaves of Sphagneticola trilobata Hitchcock

Ethnopharmacological relevance

An investigation of topical anti-inflammatory activity was undertaken on plants used in Central America traditional medicine.

Aim of study

Four herbal drugs used in the folk medicine of Central America to treat inflammatory skin affections (Acacia cornigera bark, Byrsonima crassifolia bark, Sphagneticola trilobata leaves and Sweetia panamensis bark) were evaluated for their topical anti-inflammatory activity.

Materials and methods

Petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extracts were obtained for herbal medicines and then extracts were tested on Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis model in mice.

Results

Almost all the extracts reduced the Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis in mice and the chloroform ones showed the highest activity, with ID₅₀ (dose giving 50% oedema inhibition) values ranging from 112 μg/cm² (Byrsonima crassifolia) to 183 μg/cm² (Sphagneticola trilobata). As reference, ID₅₀ of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin was 93 μg/cm².

Conclusions

Lipophilic extracts from these species can be regarded as potential sources of anti-inflammatory principles.     

厚朴与凹叶厚朴群体遗传学研究

目的:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴的群体遗传学进行研究,为中药厚朴的质量控制提供分子生药学方面的依据。方法:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴15个居群应用2个叶绿体基因间序列psbA-trnH和trnL-trnF进行PCR扩增并测序,计算厚朴与凹叶厚朴单倍型频率,用程序HaploNst分析遗传多样性和遗传结构,应用TCS version 1.13软件构建单倍型网状进化树。结果:厚朴与凹叶厚朴均无特有单倍型存在,但单倍型频率存在显著差异,已开始出现遗传分化的趋势,NST略大于GST。结论:厚朴与凹叶厚朴在遗传上已出现遗传分化的趋势,但尚未完全分化成彼此独立的单系。     

Antifungal activity of Brazilian medicinal plants involved in popular treatment of mycoses

A survey of medicinal plants used to treat common mycoses was done in the Curituba district, Sergipe State, Brazil. One hundred inhabitants were interviewed by health agents and traditional healers. Four different plants were the most cited (more than 50% of the citations): Ziziphus joazeiro, Caesalpinia pyramidalis, Bumelia sartorum and Hymenea courbaril. The aqueous extracts obtained following traditional methods and using different parts of these plants, were submitted to drop agar diffusion tests for primary antimicrobial screening. Only the water infusion extract of Ziziphus joazeiro and Caesalpinea pyramidalis presented a significant antifungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum, Candida guilliermondii, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans and Fonsecaea pedrosoi, when compared to the antifungal agent amphotericin B. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the bioactive extracts was evaluated by the microdilution method. Best activity with a MIC of 6.5 microg/ml for both extracts was observed against Trichophyton rubrum and Candida guilliermondii. Ziziphus joazeiro and Caesalpinea pyramidalis extracts presented also low acute toxicity in murine models. The present study validates the folk use of these plant extracts and indicates that they can be effective potential candidates for the development of new strategies to treat fungal infections.     

Experimental study on anti-inflammatory activity of a TCM recipe consisting of the supercritical fluid CO2 extract of Chrysanthemum indicum, Patchouli Oil and Zedoary Turmeric Oil in vivo

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Chrysanthemum indicum (Compositae) Linné, Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth and Curcuma wenyujin (Zingiberaceae) Y. H. Chen et C. Ling are three of the extensively used herbal remedies among traditional Chinese medicines for the purpose of anti-inflammation. A traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) recipe named CPZ consisting extracts of the above three herbs, has shown noteworthy anti-influenza activity, which is closely related to its anti-inflammatory feature.

Aim of this study

To investigated the anti-inflammtory activity of CPZ in vivo for a further exploration of the recipe's anti-inflammatory properties.

Materials and methods

The anti-inflammatory property of CPZ on acute inflammation was evaluated by inflammatory models of dimethylbenzene (DMB)-induced ear vasodilatation and acetic acid-induced capillary permeability enhancement in mice, as well as the carrageenan-induced paw edema rat model, in which inflammation-related cytokine including prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and nitric oxide (NO) in the edematous paw tissue were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Moreover, effect of CPZ on chronic inflammation was observed through granuloma formation in rats subjected to cotton pellet implantation.

Results

CPZ (340, 170, and 85 mg/kg for mice, p.o.) not only decreased the DMB-induced ear vasodilatation but also attenuated capillary permeability under acetic acid challenge in mice. And the significant inhibition on carrageenan-induced paw edema was observed. Further more, the ELISA results showed that CPZ (170, 85, and 42.5 mg/kg for rats, p.o.) could up-regulate the level of IL-1β in the edema paw tissue of rats significantly while down-regulate that of PGE₂, but no apparent effect on TNF-α or NO was observed in the test. Besides, CPZ had a certain degree of restraining effect on the cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation in rats and the highest dose of 170 mg/kg even showed a significant suppression on it.

Conclusion

The above results indicated that CPZ possessed a potent anti-inflammatory activity, which is indicated to be closely associated with its regulation on IL-1β and PGE₂ thereby mediating the inflammatory response acting at an appropriate level.     

Regulation effects on abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism of TZQ-F,a new kind of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Aim of the study

Based on the recipe of the traditional anti-diabetic formula TZQ, we developed TZQ-F, a new formula including 8 fractions isolated from Red Paeony root, Mulberry leaf, Lotus leaf, Danshen root and Hawthorn leaf with a good quality assurance. The study was aimed at fraction preparation and effects of the fractions on abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism.

Materials and methods

The active fractions were obtained by macroporous resin, ion-exchange resin and polyamide resin column chromatographies. HPLC analyses were used for quality control. In vitro mechanism study included DPPH radical scavenging, AGEs formation inhibition, α-glucosidase inhibition and lipase inhibition, and rats on high-fat diet were used for in vivo study.

Results

In vitro mechanism study showed that among the 8 fractions, three of them had inhibition effects on intestinal disaccharase, three with inhibition effects on lipase, and five with effects of free radical scavenging. In vivo study showed that after 4 weeks of treatment, TZQ-F significantly decreased the levels of serum total cholesterol, TG, glucose, LDL-C and HDL-C in rats on high-fat diet. Consistent with the in vitro and in vivo results, histology study demonstrated that TZQ-F alleviated hepatic steatosis induced by high-fat diet.

Conclusions

TZQ-F possesses the potential regulation effects on abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism.     

乌拉尔甘草HMGR基因cDNA的克隆与序列分析

目的:对乌拉尔甘草3.羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶(3-hydroxy-3methylglutary CoA reductase,HMGR)的cDNA克隆并进行序列分析.方法:根据NCBI数据库中的豆科其他物种HMGR的cDNA保守区设计引物,利用同源扩增和cDNA末端快速扩增技术从甘草根中获得目的基因;利用BLAST进行序列比对,ORF Finder寻找开发阅读框,Prosite分析蛋白质的基本结构域,Clustal x比对已有HMGR的氨基酸序列,并构建进化树.结果:得到1个全长为1 842 bp的HMGR的cDNA序列,含有1 722 bp的开放阅读框(open reading frame,ORF),编码573个氨基酸,具有HMGR家族的特异序列,推测的氨基酸序列与豌豆、蒺藜苜蓿的氨基酸序列一致性分别为84%,76%.结论:对甘草HMGR基因的cDNA进行了克隆,为进一步研究3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A在甘草酸生物合成途径中的作用提供了理论依据.     

常用藏药“蒂达”(藏茵陈)基原物种药用合理性及资源利用价值评价

目的:对“蒂达”各品种不同基原植物药用合理性及其资源利用价值作出评价.方法:采用HPLC指纹图谱共有特征峰、结合SPSS聚类分析方法,评价“蒂达”不同品种基原植物的成分组成相似性.结果:“蒂达”不同品种涉及的来源有龙胆科獐牙菜属、花锚属、扁蕾属及肋柱花属共15种1变种33个样品,指纹图谱全谱相似度较差;以10个共有峰成分的相对面积聚类,其基原植物可分别聚为4个组;上述4个属的属间成分组成差异较大;其中獐牙菜属不同种间成分组成变化较大,而其他各属种间成分组成相似度较高.结论:上述龙胆科4属植物均含有具有保肝利胆生物活性的环烯醚萜类、(山)酮类及三萜类成分,藏医学将其归为“蒂达”一类药材使用具有一定的物质基础;鉴于“蒂达”类药材不同基原各品种间在成分组成上差异较大,分别制定各品种的HPLC指纹图谱,是鉴别和控制各品种质量的有效手段,可有效控制各基原品种质量.