肝脂溶颗粒对非酒精性脂肪肝大鼠肝脏组织TNF-α表达的影响

目的验证肝脂溶颗粒对NAFLD模型大鼠肝脏组织TNF-α表达的影响。方法观察肝脂溶颗粒对实验性大鼠肝脏组织TNF-α表达的影响。结果高剂量组大鼠肝脏组织内TNF-α的表达低于对照组(P0.05);中剂量组大鼠肝脏组织内TN F-α的表达与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);低剂量组大鼠肝脏组织内TN F-α的表达高于高、中剂量组及对照组(P0.05)。结论肝脂溶颗粒具有降低NAFLD大鼠肝脏组织TNF-α表达的作用。     

紫地榆提取物对慢性溃疡性结肠炎大鼠的治疗作用

目的考察紫地榆乙酸乙酯提取物(EAEG)对慢性溃疡性结肠炎(UC)大鼠的治疗作用。方法采用免疫造模法制备UC大鼠模型。将大鼠随机分为空白组,模型组,柳氮磺胺吡啶组(SASP,100 mg·kg~(-1)),EAEG低、中、高剂量组(50、100、200 mg·kg~(-1)),灌胃给药(10 mL·kg~(-1)),每日1次,连续给药15 d。观察大鼠一般情况,并测定大鼠体质量指数、结肠湿质量指数及胸腺、脾脏、肝脏脏器指数;HE染色观察结肠、脾脏组织病理学变化;采用分光光度法测定结肠组织和血清中丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性;采用双抗体夹心ELISA法测定血清中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白介素6(IL-6)含量。结果与空白组比较,模型组大鼠的体质量指数、胸腺指数显著降低(P 0.01),结肠湿质量指数、脾脏指数及肝脏指数显著升高(P 0.01),血清中MDA、MPO、TNF-α、IL-6含量明显升高(P 0.01),SOD活性明显降低(P 0.01),结肠组织中MDA含量明显增加(P 0.01)。与模型组比较,EAEG高、低剂量组的体质量指数明显升高(P 0.05);EAEG中、低剂量组的结肠湿质量指数明显降低(P 0.05);EAEG各剂量组的脾脏指数均明显降低(P 0.05,P 0.01),EAEG高剂量组的肝脏指数明显降低(P 0.05),而对胸腺指数的影响不明显(P0.05);EAEG高、中剂量组的结肠组织中MDA含量、血清中TNF-α含量明显降低(P 0.05,P 0.01);EAEG各剂量组的血清MPO、IL-6含量均明显降低(P 0.05,P 0.01);EAEG高剂量组血清中SOD活性明显增强(P 0.05)。模型组结肠黏膜有大量炎性细胞浸润,局部可见黏膜层完全脱落,出现组织坏死,EAEG高、中剂量组观察到局部肉芽组织的修复。结论 EAEG对UC大鼠有一定的治疗作用,可能与其提高机体抗氧化能力和降低TNF-α、IL-6等炎症因子表达有关。     

黄精多糖对顺铂致肝损害大鼠肝功能的保护及抗氧化指标的影响

目的:观察黄精多糖(Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide,PSP)对顺铂(cisplatin,CP)致大鼠肝损害的保护作用及抗氧化指标的影响.方法:采用ip顺铂5 mg· kg-1的方法制备肝损害模型,将40只大鼠随机分为5组:空白组、模型组、PSP低、中、高剂量组(10,20,40 g·kg-1);分别ig处理10 d,采血检测血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)水平;处死后剪取肝测定肝脏系数,肝组织匀浆后检测超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)含量;同时观察肝脏组织学结构变化.结果:与空白组比较,模型组大鼠血清ALT,AST含量均显著升高(P＜0.01),肝组织匀浆中SOD,GSH-Px均下降(P＜0.01),而MDA含量升高(P＜0.01).与模型组比较,PSP作用后大鼠血清ALT,AST含量均明显降低(P ＜0.05或P＜0.01),肝组织匀浆中SOD,GSH-Px均明显升高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),MDA含量明显下降(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论:黄精多糖可明显降低顺铂致大鼠肝功能损伤,其机制可能与其抗氧化作用有关.     

清润方对糖尿病大鼠炎症反应及氧化应激的影响

目的:研究清润方对2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)大鼠氧化应激及炎症反应的影响.方法:采用尾静脉注射链脲佐菌素( streptozotocin,STZ)加高糖高脂饲料饲养建立大鼠T2DM模型,将大鼠随机分为空白对照组、模型组、清润方大、中、小剂量组(0.5,1,2 g?kg-1?d-1)、二甲双胍组(150 mg?kg-1?d-1),各治疗组分别ig给予相应药物治疗.干预治疗4周后检测各组大鼠空腹血糖(FBG)、血清胰岛素水平;肝脏组织丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性;血清白细胞介素6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)含量,观察清润方对糖尿病大鼠氧化应激及炎症反应的影响.结果:与模型组比较,清润方各剂量组TNF-α水平降低(P＜0.05),中、小剂量组IL-6水平、肝脏MDA含量降低(P＜0.05);中、大剂量组肝脏组织的SOD活性提高(P＜0.05).结论:清润方对糖尿病大鼠的抗氧化应激及减轻炎症反应作用可能是其发挥治疗作用的机制.     

消瘀化痰饮对非酒精性脂肪肝大鼠血清和肝组织超氧化物歧化酶活性及丙二醛含量的影响

目的 观察消瘀化痰饮对非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)大鼠血清和肝组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响,以探讨消瘀化痰饮治疗NAFLD的作用机制.方法 采用高脂饮食喂饲大鼠复制NAFLD动物模型,实验分组为正常对照组、模型组、消瘀化痰饮高剂量组、消瘀化痰饮低剂量组和东宝甘泰对照组.以高、低剂量消瘀化痰饮和东宝甘泰进行干预,然后测定各组大鼠血清、肝组织中SOD活性及MDA的含量.结果 模型组大鼠血清、肝组织中SOD活性较正常组明显降低(P＜0.01);MDA含量均较正常组明显升高(P＜0.01).用药后各治疗组大鼠血清和肝组织中SOD活性明显升高(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);MDA含量明显降低(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).高、低剂量组在增强SOD活性和降低MDA含量方面的作用明显优于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 消瘀化痰饮可显著提高大鼠SOD活性,降低MDA含量,能够清除自由基,提高机体抗氧化能力,以达到治疗脂肪肝的目.     

基于肠-肝轴探讨茵陈苓桂剂对非酒精性脂肪性肝病大鼠肠黏膜屏障的作用研究

目的基于肠-肝轴理论探讨茵陈苓桂剂对高脂饲料诱导的非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)大鼠肠黏膜屏障的影响及机制。方法从60只SD大鼠中随机取10只作为对照组,余大鼠采用高脂饲料建立NAFLD模型。造模成功后,将48只大鼠随机分为5组,茵陈苓桂剂高、中、低剂量组分别给予19.6 g/kg、9.8 g/kg、4.9 g/kg的茵陈苓桂剂灌胃,多烯磷脂酰胆碱组给予0.15 g/kg多烯磷脂酰胆碱灌胃,对照组和模型组给予等体积的蒸馏水灌胃。连续灌胃4周后,HE染色观察各组大鼠肝脏及回肠末端组织病理变化,检测血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)及血浆内毒素(LPS)水平,Western blot法检测回肠组织中TLR4及CD14蛋白表达情况,免疫组织化学法检测回肠组织中紧密连接蛋白ZO-1、Occludin表达情况。结果与对照组比较,模型组大鼠肝脏和回肠组织可见明显病理损伤,血清ALT、AST、TC、TG、TNF-α、IL-6及血浆LPS水平和回肠组织中TLR4、CD14蛋白相对表达量均明显增高(P均0.05),回肠组织中ZO-1、Occludin平均光密度值均明显降低(P均0.05)。与模型组比较,多烯磷脂酰胆碱组与茵陈苓桂剂高、中剂量组大鼠血清ALT、AST、TC、TG水平和茵陈苓桂剂低剂量组大鼠血清AST、TC水平均明显降低(P均0.05);茵陈苓桂剂高剂量组血清AST水平明显低于中剂量组(P0.05),血清ALT、TC、TG水平均明显低于低剂量组(P均0.05)。与模型组比较,茵陈苓桂剂高剂量组大鼠血清TNF-α、IL-6及血浆LPS水平和茵陈苓桂剂中剂量组血清IL-6水平均明显降低(P均0.05),各给药组大鼠回肠组织中ZO-1、Occludin蛋白阳性表达均增多,TLR4、CD14蛋白相对表达量均明显降低(P均0.05),茵陈苓桂剂高剂量组大鼠回肠组织中ZO-1、Occludin蛋白表达平均光密度值均明显升高(P均0.05)。结论茵陈苓桂剂可改善NAFLD大鼠肝脏炎症,调节脂代谢,修复肠道紧密连接,靶向调控LPS/TLR4信号通路的转导,通过调节肠-肝轴、保护肠黏膜屏障功能达到治疗NAFLD的目的。     

大黄素抑制NAFLD大鼠肝脏TLR4信号表达的研究

目的探讨大黄素改善非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)大鼠模型肝脏脂质沉积的机制。方法大鼠随机分为正常对照组,NAFLD模型组,大黄素低、中、高(20,40,80 mg·kg~(-1))剂量组,每组8只。采用高脂诱导的方法建立NAFLD大鼠模型,采用HE染色法检测肝脏病理变化,酶联免疫法检测血清TNF-α、IL-1含量,实时定量PCR法和免疫组化染色法检测TLR4信号的表达。结果 NAFLD组大鼠呈现典型的肝细胞脂滴空泡,部分肝细胞有单核细胞浸润,与正常对照组比较,血清TNF-α、IL-1增高(P0.05),肝脏TLR4、My D88、TRAF-6的基因表达增高(P0.05)。与NAFLD模型组比较,大黄素各剂量组对NAFLD大鼠肝脏脂滴空泡均有显著改善,抑制血清TNF-α、IL-1分泌(P0.05),并抑制肝脏TLR4的表达(P0.05),大黄素中、高剂量组抑制肝脏My D88和TRAF-6的表达(P0.05)。结论大黄素改善NAFLD模型肝脏脂质沉积的机制与抑制肝脏TLR4信号有关。     

积雪草苷对非酒精性脂肪肝大鼠氧化应激的影响

目的:观察积雪草苷对非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)模型大鼠氧化应激的影响。方法:将60只大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组和积雪草苷低、中、高剂量组,每组12只。除正常组外,其余各组大鼠用高脂饮食诱导的方法造模。造模成功后积雪草苷各剂量组给予不同剂量积雪草苷灌胃,正常组与模型组灌胃等量生理盐水,连续灌胃4周。检测各组大鼠血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)及肝组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)及细胞色素P450 2E1(cytochrome P450,CYP2E1)的表达,并做统计学比较。结果:与模型组比较,积雪草苷中、高剂量组大鼠血清ALT、AST、TNF-α和肝组织CYP2E1的表达明显降低(P0.05);积雪草苷高剂量组大鼠肝组织MDA水平明显降低(P0.05),SOD水平明显升高(P0.05)。结论:积雪草苷对大鼠酒精性脂肪肝有一定疗效,其可能的机制是通过抑制CYP2E1和TNF-α的表达,减轻脂质过氧化反应。     

活血祛湿方对纯化高脂饲料诱导大鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝炎模型的影响

目的:观察不同剂量活血祛湿方对纯化高脂饲料诱导的大鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)模型的治疗作用,探讨活血祛湿方治疗NASH的作用机制。方法:纯化高脂饲料制备Wistar大鼠NASH模型8周,随机分为罗格列酮组(3 mg·kg-1·d-1),活血祛湿方组高、中、低剂量组(32,16,8 g·kg-1·d-1)及模型组,另设正常组。第9周开始ig给药;正常组及模型组均给予等量生理盐水ig。药物干预4周后行血清生化指标,釆用比色法检测血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT),天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST),甘油三酯(TG),总胆固醇(TC)及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量,放射免疫法检测血清空腹血糖(FBG),空腹胰岛素(FINS),酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)法检测炎症因子肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α),白细胞介素-10(IL-10)及IL-6;检测肝组织中超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量;苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察肝脏组织病理学变化;卵白素-生物素-酶复合物染色(ABC)法检测肝脏组织细胞色素P4502E1(CYP2E1)含量及分布;逆转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)法检测过氧化物酶体增殖剂活化受体α(PPARα)mRNA表达。结果:与正常组比较,模型组大鼠血清ALT,AST,TG,TC水平及FBG,FINS,TNF-α及IL-6含量明显升高,HDL-C,IL-10含量明显降低,肝组织SOD活性明显降低,MDA及CYP2E1含量明显升高,肝脏PPARαmRNA表达明显降低,均具有明显的统计学差异(P0.05);与模型组比较,活血祛湿方各剂量组均能够改善大鼠NASH模型各项血清生化指标,降低FBG,FINS水平,明显提高肝脏PPARαmRNA表达,明显增加肝脏中SOD活性及IL-10的含量,明显减少肝脏MDA,CYP2E1,TNF-α及IL-6含量,与模型组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。病理结果显示,肝脏组织病理损伤明显改善。结论:活血祛湿方能够有效多途径治疗NASH,改善胰岛素抵抗,减少脂质过氧化反应,抑制炎症反应可能是其治疗NASH的机制。     

清肝降浊颗粒治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝病大鼠 脂质沉积的作用机制研究

目的探讨清肝降浊颗粒对非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)模型大鼠肝脏的保护作用及其机制。方法将Wistar大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、清肝降浊颗粒高、中和低剂量组(800、400和200 mg/kg),用高脂饲料喂养12周制备非酒精性脂肪性肝病模型,造模同时灌胃给药,每日1次。给药周期结束,检测血清TNF-α、IL-6、ADPN、Lep质量浓度及肝组织中FFA和TG摩尔浓度。结果造模成功后,模型组大鼠血清TNF-α、IL-6、Lep、肝组织中FFA和TG质量浓度明显升高;血清脂联素质量浓度明显降低,与正常对照组比较,均为P <0.01。在给予清肝降浊颗粒颗粒药物干预后,与模型组比较,清肝降浊颗粒高、中、低3个剂量组均可显著降低肝组织匀浆中TG摩尔浓度及升高血清中脂联素质量浓度(P <0.01或P <0.05);清肝降浊颗粒高、中2个剂量组均可显著降低肝组织匀浆中FFA摩尔浓度及血清中TNF-α、Lep质量浓度(P <0.01或P <0.05);清肝降浊颗粒高剂量组可显著降低血清中IL-6质量浓度(P <0.05)。结论清肝降浊颗粒改善非酒精性脂肪性肝病的作用机制,与降低血清TNF-α、IL-6、Lep质量浓度、肝组织FFA摩尔浓度,升高血清脂联素质量浓度相关。     

Effect of feeding Mucuna pruriens on helminth parasite infestation in lambs

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume anecdotally reputed to have anthelmintic properties. This study was conducted to examine the validity of such claims.

Aim of the study

The aim of this study was to determine if ingestion of Mucuna seeds reduces helminth parasite infestation in lambs.

Materials and methods

Thirty-six Dorper × Katahdin ram lambs were assigned to three treatments, a cottonseed meal based control diet, a diet in which Mucuna replaced cottonseed meal and the control diet with levamisole (7.5 mg/kg body weight) administration. All diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. The 12 lambs in each treatment were assigned randomly to 4 pens, each containing 3 lambs. Lambs were trickle infected three times per week by gavage with infectious Haemonchus contortus larvae (2000 larvae/lamb) for 3 weeks.

Results

Levamisole treatment decreased fecal egg counts by 87% and abomasal worm counts by 83%. Mucuna intake did not statistically affect fecal egg counts or abomasal worm counts, though numerical (P > 0.10) reductions of 7.4% and 18.1%, respectively were evident. Anemia indicators, feed intake, and lamb growth were unaffected by treatment.

Conclusions

Levamisole reduced the Haemonchus parasite burden in lambs significantly but feeding Mucuna reduced the burden by levels unlikely to eliminate the clinical effects of parasitism.     

Investigation of plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts

Aim of the study

To investigate the activities of the 217 plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts.

Materials and methods

Plant extracts were prepared by the method of maceration using solvents of different polarities. The growth inhibition of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strain (FcB1) was determined by measuring the radioactivity of the tritiated hypoxanthine incorporated. Activity against Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi and Trypanosoma cruzi was measured by the MTT colorimetric assay. The antifungal tests were carried out by using the CLSI method. The active extracts were tested also by cytotoxicity assay using NIH-3T3 cells of mammalian fibroblasts.

Results

Two hundred and seventeen extracts of plants were tested against Plasmodium falciparum. The eleven active extracts, belonging to eight plant species were evaluated against L. (L.) chagasi, Trypanosoma cruzi, yeasts and in NIH-3T3 cells. The results found in these biological models are consistent with the ethnopharmacological data of these plants. The ethyl acetate extract of Diospyros hispida root showed IC₅₀ values of 1 μg/mL against Plasmodium falciparum. This extract demonstrated no toxicity against mammalian cells, resulting in a significant selectivity index (SI) of 435.8. The dichloromethane extract of Calophyllum brasiliense root wood was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 1.95 μg/mL; and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Candida krusei LMGO 174, both with MIC of 7.81 μg/mL. The same extract was also active against Plasmodium falciparum and L. (L.) chagasi with IC₅₀ of 6.7 and 27.6 μg/mL respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of Spiranthera odoratissima leaves was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 31.25 μg/mL, and against Plasmodium falciparum with IC₅₀ of 9.2 μg/mL and Trypanosoma cruzi with IC₅₀ of 56.3 μg/mL.

Conclusion

The active extracts for protozoans and human pathogenic yeasts are considered promising to continue the search for the identification and development of leading compounds.     

Screening of the topical anti-inflammatory activity of the bark of Acacia cornigera Willdenow, Byrsonima crassifolia Kunth, Sweetia panamensis Yakovlev and the leaves of Sphagneticola trilobata Hitchcock

Ethnopharmacological relevance

An investigation of topical anti-inflammatory activity was undertaken on plants used in Central America traditional medicine.

Aim of study

Four herbal drugs used in the folk medicine of Central America to treat inflammatory skin affections (Acacia cornigera bark, Byrsonima crassifolia bark, Sphagneticola trilobata leaves and Sweetia panamensis bark) were evaluated for their topical anti-inflammatory activity.

Materials and methods

Petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extracts were obtained for herbal medicines and then extracts were tested on Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis model in mice.

Results

Almost all the extracts reduced the Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis in mice and the chloroform ones showed the highest activity, with ID₅₀ (dose giving 50% oedema inhibition) values ranging from 112 μg/cm² (Byrsonima crassifolia) to 183 μg/cm² (Sphagneticola trilobata). As reference, ID₅₀ of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin was 93 μg/cm².

Conclusions

Lipophilic extracts from these species can be regarded as potential sources of anti-inflammatory principles.     

厚朴与凹叶厚朴群体遗传学研究

目的:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴的群体遗传学进行研究,为中药厚朴的质量控制提供分子生药学方面的依据。方法:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴15个居群应用2个叶绿体基因间序列psbA-trnH和trnL-trnF进行PCR扩增并测序,计算厚朴与凹叶厚朴单倍型频率,用程序HaploNst分析遗传多样性和遗传结构,应用TCS version 1.13软件构建单倍型网状进化树。结果:厚朴与凹叶厚朴均无特有单倍型存在,但单倍型频率存在显著差异,已开始出现遗传分化的趋势,NST略大于GST。结论:厚朴与凹叶厚朴在遗传上已出现遗传分化的趋势,但尚未完全分化成彼此独立的单系。     

Experimental study on anti-inflammatory activity of a TCM recipe consisting of the supercritical fluid CO2 extract of Chrysanthemum indicum, Patchouli Oil and Zedoary Turmeric Oil in vivo

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Chrysanthemum indicum (Compositae) Linné, Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth and Curcuma wenyujin (Zingiberaceae) Y. H. Chen et C. Ling are three of the extensively used herbal remedies among traditional Chinese medicines for the purpose of anti-inflammation. A traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) recipe named CPZ consisting extracts of the above three herbs, has shown noteworthy anti-influenza activity, which is closely related to its anti-inflammatory feature.

Aim of this study

To investigated the anti-inflammtory activity of CPZ in vivo for a further exploration of the recipe's anti-inflammatory properties.

Materials and methods

The anti-inflammatory property of CPZ on acute inflammation was evaluated by inflammatory models of dimethylbenzene (DMB)-induced ear vasodilatation and acetic acid-induced capillary permeability enhancement in mice, as well as the carrageenan-induced paw edema rat model, in which inflammation-related cytokine including prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and nitric oxide (NO) in the edematous paw tissue were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Moreover, effect of CPZ on chronic inflammation was observed through granuloma formation in rats subjected to cotton pellet implantation.

Results

CPZ (340, 170, and 85 mg/kg for mice, p.o.) not only decreased the DMB-induced ear vasodilatation but also attenuated capillary permeability under acetic acid challenge in mice. And the significant inhibition on carrageenan-induced paw edema was observed. Further more, the ELISA results showed that CPZ (170, 85, and 42.5 mg/kg for rats, p.o.) could up-regulate the level of IL-1β in the edema paw tissue of rats significantly while down-regulate that of PGE₂, but no apparent effect on TNF-α or NO was observed in the test. Besides, CPZ had a certain degree of restraining effect on the cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation in rats and the highest dose of 170 mg/kg even showed a significant suppression on it.

Conclusion

The above results indicated that CPZ possessed a potent anti-inflammatory activity, which is indicated to be closely associated with its regulation on IL-1β and PGE₂ thereby mediating the inflammatory response acting at an appropriate level.     

Regulation effects on abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism of TZQ-F,a new kind of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Aim of the study

Based on the recipe of the traditional anti-diabetic formula TZQ, we developed TZQ-F, a new formula including 8 fractions isolated from Red Paeony root, Mulberry leaf, Lotus leaf, Danshen root and Hawthorn leaf with a good quality assurance. The study was aimed at fraction preparation and effects of the fractions on abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism.

Materials and methods

The active fractions were obtained by macroporous resin, ion-exchange resin and polyamide resin column chromatographies. HPLC analyses were used for quality control. In vitro mechanism study included DPPH radical scavenging, AGEs formation inhibition, α-glucosidase inhibition and lipase inhibition, and rats on high-fat diet were used for in vivo study.

Results

In vitro mechanism study showed that among the 8 fractions, three of them had inhibition effects on intestinal disaccharase, three with inhibition effects on lipase, and five with effects of free radical scavenging. In vivo study showed that after 4 weeks of treatment, TZQ-F significantly decreased the levels of serum total cholesterol, TG, glucose, LDL-C and HDL-C in rats on high-fat diet. Consistent with the in vitro and in vivo results, histology study demonstrated that TZQ-F alleviated hepatic steatosis induced by high-fat diet.

Conclusions

TZQ-F possesses the potential regulation effects on abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism.     

常用藏药“蒂达”(藏茵陈)基原物种药用合理性及资源利用价值评价

目的:对“蒂达”各品种不同基原植物药用合理性及其资源利用价值作出评价.方法:采用HPLC指纹图谱共有特征峰、结合SPSS聚类分析方法,评价“蒂达”不同品种基原植物的成分组成相似性.结果:“蒂达”不同品种涉及的来源有龙胆科獐牙菜属、花锚属、扁蕾属及肋柱花属共15种1变种33个样品,指纹图谱全谱相似度较差;以10个共有峰成分的相对面积聚类,其基原植物可分别聚为4个组;上述4个属的属间成分组成差异较大;其中獐牙菜属不同种间成分组成变化较大,而其他各属种间成分组成相似度较高.结论:上述龙胆科4属植物均含有具有保肝利胆生物活性的环烯醚萜类、(山)酮类及三萜类成分,藏医学将其归为“蒂达”一类药材使用具有一定的物质基础;鉴于“蒂达”类药材不同基原各品种间在成分组成上差异较大,分别制定各品种的HPLC指纹图谱,是鉴别和控制各品种质量的有效手段,可有效控制各基原品种质量.     

虫草属EST-SSR标记系统的建立研究

目的:通过球孢虫草、蛹虫草EST设计EST-SSR引物,建立虫草属EST-SSR标记系统.方法:从NCBI公共数据库下载获得虫草EST,利用Sequece Seiners 1.2软件去除冗余序列并设计引物,进行PAGE电泳.结果:通过去除EST总序列中低质量的和冗余的序列后,得到全长为2 953 173 bp的4 556条无冗余球孢虫草EST.从中发掘出718个EST-SSR,分布于616条EST中,出现频率是15.8％.平均分布频率是每4 096 bp出现1个,三核苷酸重复序列有419个,是出现最多的重复类型.蛹虫草EST去冗余后得到1 363条无冗余EST,共含有1 117个EST-SSR,出现频率为81.95％,出现最多的重复类型是A核苷酸重复.根据球孢虫草EST-SSR序列,设计合成50对引物,有扩增产物的引物为34对,占总设计引物数的68％.根据蛹虫草EST-SSR,设计合成40对引物,有扩增产物的引物为39对,占总设计引物数的97.5％.基于SSR标记进行聚类分析,7种虫草无性型均能分开,且分为4支.结论:虫草属EST-SSR出现频率较高、类型较丰富、多态性潜能较高,具有较高的利用价值.球孢虫草和蛹虫草EST开发的SSR标记在虫草属有较好的转移性与通用性,可以很好的应用于虫草种间遗传关系的研究.应用虫草物种EST建立分子标记是一条简便而又有效的途径.     

木蝴蝶种子化学成分研究

目的:研究紫葳科Bignoniaceae植物木蝴蝶Oroxylum indicum种子的化学成分.方法:采用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱等手段进行分离纯化,通过化合物的理化常数和波谱数据鉴定其结构.结果:从木蝴蝶种子的95％乙醇提取物中分离并鉴定了20个化合物,分别为木蝴蝶苷A(1)、木蝴蝶苷B(2)、白杨黄素(3)、黄芩苷元(4)、槲皮素(5)、芹菜素(6)、山柰酚(7)、槲皮素-3-O-阿拉伯吡喃糖苷(8)、羽扇豆醇(9)、2α,3β-二羟基羽扇豆醇(10)、赤松素(11)、二氢赤松素(12)、胆甾-5-烯-3,7-二醇(13)、连翘环己醇(14)、异连翘环己醇(15)、zarzissine(16)、(E)-银松素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(17)、腺苷(18)、β-谷甾醇(19) 、β-胡萝卜苷(20).结论:化合物11-13,15～18为首次从木蝴蝶植物中分离得到,其中除化合物18外,其余6个化合物均为首次从紫葳科植物中获得.     

Evaluation of the wound healing effect of some Jordanian traditional medicinal plants formulated in Pluronic F127 using mice (Mus musculus)

The wound healing effect of the aqueous extracts of Inula viscosa, Ajuga chia, Rubia taenifolia and Parieteria diffusa, and the oil of Laurus nobilis, dispersed in water, were examined. The 10% (w/w) Pluronic F127 (PF127) was added to the applied preparations, in order to modify the aqueous extracts viscosity, and to stabilize the oil dispersion. A full thickness wound was made in the dorsal area of the mice. The wounds were treated with the different preparations with 12h intervals for four times in two successive days. For 16 days, the wounds were visually observed, photographically documented and the wound area was measured. After day 16, the animals were sacrificed and the histology of the wound area was examined. The best wound healing activity was observed with the extract of Inula viscosa, followed by Parieteria diffusa, Laurus nobilis, Ajuga chia and the least active extract was that of Rubia taenifolia.