石菖蒲的药理作用研究集要

从对中枢神经系统的作用，对心血管系统的作用，对消化系统的作用，抗癌和致癌作用，平喘作用及毒性等对石菖蒲的药理作用作了综述，指出，应加强对其水溶性部分有部位的药理作用研究。     

中药对药的配伍法则浅析

对药是指处方配伍中成对出现的药物，亦称姐妹药，其主要作用是增强疗效、减弱毒性及副作用。对药是单味中药与复方之间的桥梁，是复方的主干，也是配伍的基础，在经典中药复方中，往往含有一组乃至数组对药。对药方是中药复方中最简单最基本的形式。临床对药的配伍法则，归纳起来有以下几点：①同类相须，即两种对药相配伍，可以增强原有药物的功效。②表里兼顾，即两种对药相配伍，既能治表，又能治里，达到表里兼顾的目的。③相互辅佐，即两种对药相配伍，一种药物辅佐另一种药物，提高主药的疗效。④补气养血，即两种对药相配伍，达到气血双补的功效。⑤滋阴助阳，即两种对药相配伍。可以达到滋阴壮阳，阴阳双补的功效。⑥补泻兼施，即两种对药相配伍，一补一泻达到攻补兼施的功效。⑦寒热并用，即两种对药相配伍，一寒一热，寒热并用，达到兼顾治疗寒热病证的功效。⑧升清降浊，即两种对药相配伍，一升一降，使脏腑气机升降调畅。⑨开合并用，即两种对药相配伍，一开一合，一收一散。相反相成，使两种药物更好的发挥其功效。     

野生锁阳栽培锁阳对老化相关指标作用的比较

对野生锁阳，栽培锁阳水提物进行了对老化相关指标作用的比较，考察的老化相关指标分别为超氧化物岐化酶（SOD），丙二醛（MDA），过氧化氢酶（CAT），试验结果证明野生锁阳，栽培锁阳对SOD，MDA有影响，对CAT无影响，即，两种水提物有提高SOD活力，降低MDA含量的作用，但对红细胞中的CAT水平无影响。野生，栽培锁阳抗衰老作用无差异。     

论针刺补泻的相对特异性

为了探讨针刺补泻手法对人体的作用，通过古代文献记载，以现代临床、实验研究为依据，结合在针灸教学、临床上的体会，对针刺补泻的作用进行探讨，认为补泻作用产生的关键不是针刺补泻手法的本身，而是患者在针刺时机体的机能状况。补泻手法作用于人体，通过调气表现出补泻的效应，说明补泻效果的产生要具备一定的条件，不是任何条件下都有补泻效果，即对虚证病人可以产生补的作用，对实证病人可以产生泻的作用，补法和泻法对虚实病证均有治疗作用，但对虚证要首用补法，对实证要首选泻法。     

推拿对循环系统作用的研究进展

推拿对循环系统的影响包括对血管的影响、对血液和淋巴循环的影响、对血液成分的影响、对心脏功能的影响、对血压的影响等，其可以调和气血、促进全身经气运行。但目前推拿对循环系统影响的研究仍有着很多欠缺。首先，推拿质量控制和规范还有所欠缺，大多数研究仍着重于某一阶段，没有整体考量；再者，由于人体与动物模型存在差异，不排除误差的可能性；最后，由于循环系统的调节机制尚未完全清楚，推拿对循环系统的机制和临床研究仍受到很多局限。今后，应继续加强推拿治疗疾病时对循环系统影响的基础研究，也应对不同推拿手法进行研究，细化各手法刺激对循环系统产生的不同影响，并结合相关的生物技术，多学科、多机制综合研究，开展临床试验时使用更系统全面的方法。     

丹参EST序列中SSR信息的分析及分子标记的建立

本文对从NCBI下载的鼠尾草属11747条EST序列（其中，丹参10228条）进行分析，搜索到含SSR的序列1911条，共含有SSR 2156个，出现频率为18.35%。在丹参EST-SSR中，核苷酸重复基元种类共77种。单核苷酸重复最多，出现频率为10.45%，二、三核苷酸的出现频率为3.72%、4.40%。三核苷酸重复中ACG/CTG为主要类型，占27.3%。共设计引物143对，合成13对（其中，丹参6对，Salvia fruticosa7对），在对引物、dNTP、MgCl2进行测试后，建立了合适的PCR反应体系。引物筛选发现7对引物（丹参6对，S.fruticosa 1对）对丹参基因组DNA均有良好的扩增，并对11个不同产地丹参样品进行扩增均呈现良好的多态性。本研究结果证明根据丹参EST资源建立丹参EST-SSR标记是可行的。     

孙桂芝治疗胃癌的常用药对释义

药对，也称对药，是指临床上常用且相对同定的中药配伍形式，是方剂配伍的一种特殊形式。孙桂芝教授从医四十余年，尤其在胃癌的中医治疗方面经验颇丰，临床用药善用药对，不仅有常用药对的传统用法，也有对传统药对新的临床用法以及个人经验总结的有效药对。本文对其临床治疗胃癌的常用药对进行释义。     

1854名0～7岁东胜区儿童血铅水平的测定分析

铅是一种对人体没有任何生理功能，是人体不需要的，而是对人体神经有毒性的重金属元素，儿童对铅的敏感性高，容易发生铅中毒，大多数无症状或症状不典型，没有引起足够的重视，甚至被误诊，高浓度的铅对小儿的发育和健康可造成很大的损害，而且是不可逆的，为了解儿童铅中毒的情况，我们于2010年1月-2010年10月对1854例儿童进行了血铅的测定，其结果如下。     

男性乳房增大是怎么回事

乳房．是一个人的第二性征之一。对于一个男性来讲，乳房的情况，对其心理状态的影响不太大，而对女性来讲，情况就不一样了。对一个女性来讲，乳房不仅仅是一个第二性征，同时，是一个哺乳器官，而且，对女性的“曲线形”的身段，又是起着至关重要的作用。     

丹参EST序列中SSR信息的分析及分子标记的建立

本文对从NCBI下栽的鼠尾草属11747条EST序列（其中，丹参10228条）进行分析，搜索到含SSR的序列1911条，共合有SSR2156个，出现频率为18．35％。在丹参EST—SSR中，核苷酸重复基元种类共77种。单核苷酸重复最多，出现频率为10．45％，二、三核苷酸的出现频率为3．72％、4．40％。三核苷酸重复中ACG／CTG为主要类型，占27．3％。共设计引物143对，合成13对（其中，丹参6对，Salvia fruticosa7对），在对引物、dNTP、MgCl2进行测试后，建立了合适的PCR反应体系。引物筛选发现7对引物（丹参6对，S．fruticosa 1对）对丹参基因组DNA均有良好的扩增，并对11个不同产地丹参样品进行扩增均呈现良好的多态性。本研究结果证明根据丹参EST资源建立丹参EST—SSR标记是可行的。     

Microbial transformation of 20(S)-protopanaxatriol-type saponins by Absidia coerulea

Three 20(S)-protopanaxatriol-type saponins, ginsenoside-Rg1 (1), notoginsenoside-R1 (2), and ginsenoside-Re (3), were transformed by the fungus Absidia coerulea (AS 3.3389). Compound 1 was converted into five metabolites, ginsenoside-Rh4 (4), 3beta,2beta,25-trihydroxydammar-(E)-20(22)-ene-6-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5), 20(S)-ginsenoside-Rh1 (6), 20(R)-ginsenoside-Rh1 (7), and a mixture of 25-hydroxy-20(S)-ginsenoside-Rh1 and its C-20(R) epimer (8). Compound 2 was converted into 10 metabolites, 20(S)-notoginsenoside-R2 (9), 20(R)-notoginsenoside-R2 (10), 3beta,12beta,25-trihydroxydammar-(E)-20(22)-ene-6-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (11), 3beta,12beta-dihydroxydammar-(E)-20(22),24-diene-6-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (12), 3beta,12beta,20,25-tetrahydroxydammaran-6-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (13), and compounds 4-8. Compound 3 was metabolized to 20(S)-ginsenoside-Rg2 (14), 20(R)-ginsenoside-Rg2 (15), 3beta,12beta,25-trihydroxydammar-(E)-20(22)-ene-6-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (16), 3beta,12beta-dihydroxydammar-(E)-20(22),24-diene-6-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (17), 3beta,12beta,20,25-tetrahydroxydammaran-6-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (18), and compounds 4-8. The structures of five new metabolites, 10-13 and 16, were established by spectroscopic methods.     

Acylated preatroxigenin glycosides from Atroxima congolana

Six new acylated bisdesmosidic preatroxigenin saponins named atroximasaponins E1, E2 (1, 2), F1, F2 (3, 4), and G1, G2 (5, 6) were isolated as three inseparable mixtures of the trans- and cis-p-methoxycinnamoyl derivatives, from the roots of Atroxima congolana. Their structures were established through extensive NMR spectroscopic analysis as 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylpreatroxigenin-28-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-[4-O-trans-p-methoxycinnamoyl]-beta-D-fucopyranoside (atroximasaponin E1, 1), and its cis-isomer, atroximasaponin E2 (2), 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylpreatroxigenin-28-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[6-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-[4-O-trans-p-methoxycinnamoyl]-beta-D-fucopyranoside (atroximasaponin F1, 3), and its cis-isomer, atroximasaponin F2 (4), 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylpreatroxigenin-28-O-beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1-->3)-[alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-[4-O-trans-p-methoxycinnamoyl]-beta-D-fucopyranoside (atroximasaponin G1, 5), and its cis-isomer, atroximasaponin G2 (6), respectively.     

Triterpene glycosides from the roots of Astragalus flavescens

Six new triterpene saponins, 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl-21-epi-kudzusapogenol A (1), 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl-21-epi-kudzusapogenol A (2), 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl-22-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-21-epi-kudzusapogenol A (3), 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl-22-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-21-epi-kudzusapogenol A (4), 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl-22-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-21-epi-kudzusapogenol A (5), and 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl-22-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-21-epi-kudzusapogenol A (6), were isolated from the roots of Astragalus flavescens, together with the known trajanoside B, azukisaponin V, and astragalosides IV, VII, and VIII. Their structures were established mainly by 2D NMR techniques and mass spectrometry.     

Mono-, Bi-, and triphenanthrenes from the tubers of Cremastra appendiculata

Six newphenanthrene derivatives, including three monophenanthrenes (1-3), two biphenanthrenes (4 and 5), and a triphenanthrene (6), have been isolated from an ethanolic extract of the tubers of Cremastra appendiculata. Using spectroscopic methods, the structures of compounds 1-6 were determined as 1-hydroxy-4,7-dimethoxy-1-(2-oxopropyl)-1H-phenanthren-2-one (1), 1,7-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-1-(2-oxopropyl)-1H-phenanthren-2-one (2), 2-hydroxy-4,7-dimethoxyphenanthrene (3), 2,7,2'-trihydroxy-4,4',7'-trimethoxy-1,1'-biphenanthrene (4), 2,2'-dihydroxy-4,7,4',7'-tetramethoxy-1,1'-biphenanthrene (5), and 2,7,2',7',2' '-pentahydroxy-4,4',4' ',7' '-tetramethoxy-1,8,1',1' '-triphenanthrene (6), respectively. Compounds 1-6 and two known compounds, cirrhopetalanthin (7) and flavanthrinin (8), obtained previously from this plant, were evaluated against six human cancer cells and a normal cell line.     

Triterpene saponins from the leaves of Ilex kudingcha

Nine new triterpene saponins, ilekudinosides K-S (1-9), and eight known triterpene saponins were isolated from the 70% ethanol extract of the leaves of Ilex kudingcha. The new saponins were characterized as 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-alpha-kudinlactone (1), 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->3)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-beta-kudinlactone (2), 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-gamma-kudinlactone (3), 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-alpha-kudinlactone (4), 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-alpha-kudinlactone (5), 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->3)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-alpha-kudinlactone (6), 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-kudinlactone (7), 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-beta-kudinlactone (8), and 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-gamma-kudinlactone (9), respectively. The structures and stereochemistry of compounds 1-9 were elucidated by spectroscopic data interpretation and chemical degradation.     

New amide alkaloids from the roots of Piper nigrum

Seven new amide alkaloids, named N-isobutyl-4-hexanoyl-4-hydroxypyrrolidin-1-one (1), (+/-)-erythro-1-(1-oxo-4,5-dihydroxy-2E-decaenyl)piperidine (2), (+/-)-threo-1-(1- oxo-4,5-dihydroxy-2E-decaenyl)piperidine (3), (+/-)-threo-N-isobutyl-4,5-dihydroxy-2E-octaenamide (4), 1-(1,6-dioxo-2E,4E-decadienyl)piperidine (5), 1-[1-oxo-3(3,4-methylenedioxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-2Z-propenyl]piperidine (6), and 1-[1-oxo-5(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2Z,4E-pentadienyl]pyrrolidine (7), were isolated from the roots of Piper nigrum, together with 32 known amides. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and chemical evidence.     

Glandulosides A-D, triterpene saponins from Acanthophyllum glandulosum

Four novel triterpenoid saponins, glandulosides A (1), B (2), C (3), and D (4), together with two known saponins (5 and 6) have been isolated from the roots of Acanthophyllum glandulosum. Their structures were elucidated using a combination of homo- and heteronuclear 2D NMR techniques (COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HSQC, and HMBC) and by FABMS. The new compounds were characterized as 23-O-beta-D-galactopyranosylgypsogenic acid-28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-[beta-d-galactopyranosyl-(1-->6)]-beta-D-galactopyranoside (1), 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-beta-D-glucuronopyranosylgypsogenin-28-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-3-O-acetyl-beta-D-fucopyranoside (2), 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-beta-D-glucuronopyranosylgypsogenin-28-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-3,4-di-O-acetyl-beta-D-fucopyranoside (3), and 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-beta-D-glucuronopyranosylgypsogenin-28-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[3-O-acetyl-beta-D-quinovopyranosyl-(1-->4)]-beta-D-fucopyranoside (4).     

Triterpene saponins from Eryngium campestre

Five new triterpene saponins, 3-O-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-d-glucuronopyranosyl-22-O-beta,beta-dimethylacryloyl-A1-barrigenol (1), 3-O-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-d-glucuronopyranosyl-22-O-angeloyl-R1-barrigenol (2), 3-O-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-d-glucuronopyranosyl-21-O-acetyl-22-O-angeloyl-R1-barrigenol (3), 3-O-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-d-glucuronopyranosyl-21-O-acetyl-22-O-beta,beta-dimethylacryloyl-R1-barrigenol (4), and 3-O-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-d-glucuronopyranosyl-22-O-angeloyl-28-O-acetyl-R1-barrigenol (5), were isolated from the roots of Eryngium campestre. Their structures were established mainly by 2D NMR techniques and mass spectrometry. Compounds 1-4 and 3-O-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)]-beta-d-glucuronopyranosyl-22-O-beta,beta-dimethylacryloyl-A1-barrigenol, previously isolated from the same plant, showed a weak cytotoxicity when tested against HCT 116 and HT 29 human colon cancer cells.     

瓦山安息香树皮中2个新的2-苯基苯并呋喃类化合物(英文)

目的:研究瓦山安息香(Styrax perkinsiae)树皮的化学成分。方法:运用多种层析方法进行分离纯化, 并应用波谱方法鉴定其结构。结果:从该植物的树皮中分离得到10个化合物, 鉴定为 5-(2-propen-1-one)-7-methoxy-2-(3, 4-methylene-dioxyphenyl) benzofuran(1)、1′′-hydryoxyegonol gentiobioside (2)、obassioside B (3)、5-(3-羟基)丙基-7-甲氧基-2-(3, 4-二氧亚甲基苯基)苯并呋喃(4)、egonol-葡萄糖苷(5)、egonol-龙胆双糖苷(6)、egonol-龙胆三糖苷(7)、styraxlignolide B (8)、styraxjaponoside C(9)、masutakesideI(10)。结论:化合物1和2为新的2-苯基苯并呋喃类化合物。     

Cycloartane-type triterpenoids from the resinous exudates of Commiphora opobalsamum

Eight new cycloartane-type triterpenoids, cycloartan-24-ene-1alpha,2alpha,3alpha-triol (1), 3beta-acetoxycycloartan-24-ene-1alpha,2alpha-diol (2), 1alpha-acetoxycycloartan-24-ene-2alpha,3beta-diol (3), 3beta-isovaleroyloxycycloartan-24-ene-1alpha,2alpha-diol (4), cycloartan-24-ene-1alpha,3beta-diol (5), cycloartan-23 E-ene-1alpha,2alpha,3beta,25-tetrol (6), and an epimeric mixture of 24 R,25-epoxycycloartane-1alpha,2alpha,3beta-triol (7) and 24 S,25-epoxycycloartane-1alpha,2alpha,3beta-triol (8), together with one known compound, cycloartan-24-ene-1alpha,2alpha,3beta-triol (9), were isolated from the resinous exudates of Commiphora opobalsamum. Their structures were established on the basis of mass spectrometry and multidimensional NMR spectroscopy. The cytotoxicity of compounds 1-9 was evaluated against the PC3 and DU145 human prostate tumor cell lines. All of the compounds except 1 and 5 exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against PC3 or DU145 cells with IC50 values ranging from 10.1 to 37.2 microM.