积雪草酸药理作用及其结构修饰的研究进展

积雪草酸是伞形科植物积雪草中的一种重要的五环三萜酸类化合物,具有广泛的生物学活性,如抗肿瘤、改善认知、抗糖尿病、抗炎、抑菌、促进伤口愈合等作用。积雪草酸及其衍生物的药理作用及结构修饰已成为研究的热点。对积雪草酸的药理活性及结构修饰研究进展进行综述并进行展望。     

积雪草酸对多发性骨髓瘤细胞增殖活性的影响及其机制探讨

目的探讨积雪草酸对多发性骨髓瘤细胞株RPMI 8226细胞增殖、细胞凋亡、细胞周期的影响及其机制。方法 MTT法检测积雪草酸对肿瘤细胞的抗增殖作用;Hoechest33258染色法检测细胞凋亡的形态学变化;流式细胞术(FCM)检测细胞凋亡及细胞周期的变化;RT-PCR法检测细胞survivin和bcl-2 mRNA表达水平的变化。结果积雪草酸在浓度10~70μmol/L显著抑制RPMI 8226细胞的增殖,呈时间及浓度依赖性,作用24、487、2 h的IC50值分别为(42.25±4.57)(、24.88±3.51)(、19.83±2.88)μmol/L。积雪草酸可诱导细胞发生凋亡,出现典型的凋亡小体。积雪草酸诱导细胞发生早期凋亡,并呈浓度依赖性。积雪草酸25~40μmol/L能将RPMI 8226细胞阻滞在G2期,G2期细胞比例随积雪草酸浓度增大而逐渐增高。积雪草酸使survivin和bcl-2 mRNA表达下降,并与细胞的凋亡程度呈负相关。结论积雪草酸能通过调控细胞周期的进程和诱导细胞凋亡从而抑制RPMI8226细胞增殖,其诱导凋亡的机制可能与下调survivin和bcl-2的转录水平有关。     

积雪草酸对人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞增殖、迁移及凋亡的影响

目的:观察积雪草酸对人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞增殖、迁移及凋亡的影响。方法:用不同浓度的积雪草酸处理人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞;MTT法检测积雪草酸对人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞增殖的影响;流式细胞术检测积雪草酸对人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞凋亡的影响;Transwell小室法检测积雪草酸对肝癌细胞迁移的影响;Western blot法检测积雪草酸对凋亡相关基因Bcl-2和Bax及上皮间质转化标志基因E-cadherin表达的影响。结果:与对照组比较,25、50、100μmol/L的积雪草酸对人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞增殖均有明显的抑制作用,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。流式细胞术结果显示,50μmol/L的积雪草酸处理后,肝癌细胞凋亡率显著增加,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。Transwell小室法检测结果发现,TGF-β能显著促进人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞迁移,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。1、10μmol/L的积雪草酸处理能够显著抑制TGF-β诱导的肝癌细胞迁移。积雪草酸处理后,人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞Bcl-2蛋白水平显著下降,Bax蛋白水平显著上调。TGF-β处理24 h后,SMMC-7721细胞E-cadherin表达水平显著降低,而不同浓度的积雪草酸均能抑制TGF-β诱导的E-cadherin表达水平下调。结论:积雪草酸能显著抑制人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞增殖和迁移,诱导细胞凋亡。     

HPLC法测定积雪草中三萜类化合物的含量

目的 :建立一种能同时测定积雪草中四种主要三萜类成分积雪草苷、羟基积雪草苷、积雪草酸、羟基积雪草酸的含量分析方法。方法 :采用 C1 8柱 ,乙腈 -水为流动相 ,梯度洗脱 ,检测波长 2 0 5 nm。结果 :四种三萜组分的平均回收率分别为积雪草苷 97.6 2 % (RSD=1.95 ,n=5 ) ;羟基积雪草苷 98.96 (RSD=2 .0 1 ,n=5 ) ;羟基积雪草酸 10 1.89 (RSD=1.5 4 ,n=5 ) ;积雪草酸 10 1.2 8 (RSD=1.38 ,n=5 )。结论 :此方法简单、准确 ,适用于积雪草原药材及其制剂的质量控制     

HPLC法测定积雪草中三萜类化合物的含量

目的：建立一种能同时测定积雪草中四种主要三萜类成分积雪草苷、羟基积雪草苷、积雪草酸、羟基积雪草酸的含量分析方法。方法：采用１８柱,乙腈－水为流动相,梯度洗脱,检测波长２０５ｎｍ。结果：四种三萜组分的平均回收率分别为积雪草苷９７．６２％（ＲＳＤ＝１．９５％,ｎ＝５）;羟基积雪草苷９８．９６％（ＲＳＤ＝２．０１％,ｎ＝５）;羟基积雪草酸１０１．８９％（ＲＳＤ＝１．５４％,ｎ＝５）;积雪草酸１０１．２８％（ＲＳＤ＝１．３８％,ｎ＝５）。结论：此方法简单、准确,适用于积雪草原药材及其制剂的质量控制。     

积雪草酸诱导大鼠肝星状细胞凋亡

目的 探讨积雪草酸诱导大鼠肝星状细胞系 HSC-T6 凋亡的作用。方法 用乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH) 法和 MTT 法检测积雪草酸对 HSC-T6 细胞的细胞毒性和增殖的影响。不同浓度积雪草酸作用外源性β-转化生长因子 (TGF-β) 激活的 HSC-T6 细胞，通过 Western blotting 方法检测 HSC-T6 细胞凋亡信号分子 Caspase-3 以及Ⅰ型胶原蛋白表达。结果 积雪草酸 (≤30 μmol/L) 对 HSC-T6 细胞无显著的细胞毒性且对细胞增殖无明显作用。积雪草酸可上调 HSC-T6 细胞 cleaved-caspase-3，同时抑制Ⅰ型胶原蛋白表达。结论 积雪草酸可通过诱导 HSC-T6 细胞凋亡达到抑制肝纤维化的作用。     

槲皮素及其糖苷衍生物降糖降脂活性研究进展

槲皮素及其糖苷衍生物是中草药和果蔬等植物源食物中常见的黄酮醇类物质,具有广泛的药理活性。大量研究表明槲皮素及其糖苷衍生物对糖尿病、肥胖、高血脂等慢性非传染性疾病有一定的预防、缓解和治疗作用。该文就槲皮素及其糖苷衍生物的分类与分布、降糖降脂活性及其作用机制进行文献综述;并对将来深入研究不同槲皮素糖苷衍生物的生物活性、量效关系、构效关系、体内生物有效性及药理学机制等作了展望。     

积雪草化学成分研究

目的研究积雪草Centella asiatica的化学成分。方法采用各种色谱技术进行分离纯化,通过理化性质和波谱分析进行结构鉴定。结果从积雪草中共分离得到14个化合物,其结构鉴定为β-谷甾醇(Ⅰ)、二十六醇辛酸酯(Ⅱ)、山柰酚(Ⅲ)、槲皮素(Ⅳ)、胡萝卜苷(Ⅴ)、香草酸(Ⅵ)、丁二酸(Ⅶ)、积雪草酸(Ⅷ)、羟基积雪草酸(Ⅸ)、ter-minolic acid(Ⅹ)、积雪草苷(Ⅺ)、积雪草二糖苷(Ⅻ)、羟基积雪草苷、积雪草苷-B。结论化合物为一新化合物;羟基积雪草酸和terminolic acid、羟基积雪草苷和积雪草苷-B为两对同分异构体。     

紫草素及其衍生物抗肿瘤作用研究进展

紫草素是从草本植物紫草Arnebiae Radix中提取的一种具有抗炎、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、促伤口愈合等生物活性的萘醌类化合物。近年来,紫草素及其衍生物的抗肿瘤作用被广泛研究。从构效关系、抗肿瘤作用机制等方面综述近5年紫草素及其衍生物的抗肿瘤作用的研究进展,以期为紫草素类化合物的研究及利用提供参考。     

人参皂苷Rh2 及其衍生物的研究进展

人参皂苷Rh2是红参中特征性成分之一,也是一种生物活性较高的稀有皂苷.近年来,人参皂苷Rh2的制备研究由酸水解法、碱水解法、合成法逐渐转到生物转化法,微生物及酶转化法以其独特优势成为制备人参皂苷Rh2的理想方法;人参皂苷Rh2及其衍生物的生物活性、药代动力学等也均有较多研究.本文对人参皂苷Rh2及其衍生物的制备、药理活性等方面进行综述,为该化合物深入研究开发提供参考.     

基于ICP-MS法的加味左金丸中无机元素分析

目的 通过电感耦合等离子体质谱（inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS）法建立加味左金丸中Cd、Pb、As、Hg、Co、V、Ni、Cu、Li、Sb、Ba、Mo、Sn、Cr、Na、Mg、Al、Ca、Ti、Mn、Fe、Zn、Ga、Se、Sr、Tl共计26种无机元素的测定方法。方法 加味左金丸通过微波消解法处理后,根据相对分子质量的大小选择内标物,其中⁷Li、²³Na、²⁴Mg、²⁷Al、⁴⁰Ca、⁴⁸Ti、⁵¹V、⁵²Cr、⁵⁵Mn、⁵⁶Fe、⁵⁸Ni、⁵⁹Co、⁶³Cu、⁶⁶Zn、⁷⁰Ga、⁷⁵As、⁷⁷Se、⁸⁶Sr以⁷²Ge作为内标;⁹⁵Mo、¹¹⁴Cd、¹¹⁸Sn、¹²¹Sb、¹³⁷Ba以¹¹⁵In作为内标;²⁰²Hg、²⁰⁵Tl、²⁰⁸Pb以²⁰⁹Bi作为内标。对标准品溶液、空白溶液与供试品溶液进行分析,采用标准曲线法进行定量分析。通过ICP-MS法进行测定。结果 26种无机元素线性的相关系数r ≥ 0.999 6,检出限为0.001~1.500μg/L,定量限为0.01~5.00 μg/L,精密度与重复性试验的RSD均小于5%,平均回收率在82.64%~106.44%,RSD均小于5%。对3个厂家的12批样品进行了测定,26种元素的含量差异较大,其中Na、Mg、Ca、Fe 4种元素的含量比较高,均大于500 μg/g,Cd、Pb、As、Hg、Co、Li、Sb、Mo、Sn、Cr、Se、Tl的含量比较低,均小于1 μg/g。由结果可知,人体的常量元素,如Na、Mg、Ca的含量比较高,Cd、Pb、As、Hg等有害元素含量比较低。根据《中国药典》2020年版一部的要求,本品中Cd、Pb、As、Hg与Cu均符合规定。结论 该方法快速、准确,可以用于加味左金丸中无机元素的测定。     

Erstaunliches Ergebnis einer Schädelakupunktur nach Yamamoto bei Hemihypsarrhythmie rechts

A girl, three and a half years old at the respective date, premature in 25th week of gestation, had been presented. On day three after birth, she had had a IVH III° right and left with severe involvement of parenchyma and other multiple complications, e. a. infant respiratory distress syndrome up to the 42nd day postpartum, and epileptic attacks with apnoeic events.     

七味红花殊胜散对缺血再灌注肝损伤的保护作用

目的::研究七味红花殊胜敬对缺血再灌注肝损伤的保护作用.方法:在大鼠肝缺血再灌注模型上,观察七味红花殊胜散对缺血再灌注肝损伤引起的血清丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、一氧化氮(NO)含量的变化.结果:七味红花殊胜散对大鼠血清MDA、SOD、GSH与再灌组比较有明显差异(P<0.05),NO含量与再灌组比较有明显差异(P<0.05).结论:七味红花殊胜散对大鼠急性缺血再灌注肝损伤具有保护作用.     

Methodology of Canine/Feline YNSA and Tail Acupuncture

BackgroundYamamoto New Scalp Acupuncture (YNSA) is a well-known acupuncture system for human patients which was developed by Dr. Yamamoto.ObjectiveMy aim was to transpose the human YNSA map onto canines and felines.MethodI started researching a canine/feline YNSA map in 2002. I investigated approximately 3,000 canines and felines for YNSA and 2,500 for Tail Acupuncture. The ratio of canines and felines was 6 to 4. I researched and found all the equivalent points by palpating animal patients on the basis of an exact Neck Diagnosis.ResultsI nearly completed the map in 2006. The points in the occipital region are incomplete and my research is still in progress. In the process of researching canine/feline YNSA points, I accidentally found the other microsystems around the tail and named it “Tail Acupuncture”.ConclusionsYNSA and Tail Acupuncture are acupuncture systems utilizing microsystems and support each other in canines and felines. The merits of YNSA and Tail Acupuncture are 1) immediate effects, such as in cases of lameness, 2) simplicity in finding the exact points to treat and 3) the scalp and the tail can be utilized separately or together as treatment zones, according to the situation.     

蜂蜜炼制前后黄酮类成分种类和含量变化分析

目的研究中药辅料蜂蜜炼制前后黄酮类成分变化。方法参考《中药药剂学》,对不同来源的6种蜂蜜进行炼制。供试品经固相萃取法富集黄酮类成分。采用高效液相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱(HPLC-TQ-MS)法测定,Thermo Accucore RP-MS色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,2.6μm),以0.1%甲酸水溶液-甲醇为流动相进行梯度洗脱,体积流量0.3 m L/min,柱温30℃。质谱条件:采用电喷雾离子源(ESI),正离子检测模式,多反应监测模式(MRM)扫描分析。结果蜂蜜中共检测到12种黄酮类成分,包括黄酮苷元、二氢黄酮苷元和异黄酮苷元。黄酮苷元有8种:槲皮素、桑黄素、木犀草素、山柰酚、芹菜素、汉黄芩素、高良姜素和白杨素;二氢黄酮苷元有3种:短叶松素、柚皮素和乔松素;异黄酮苷元染料木素。不同蜜源蜂蜜所含黄酮类成分种类和含量存在明显差异。6个蜂蜜样品炼制后,都发现了蜂蜜中没有报道过的芦丁和芸香柚皮苷,12种检测到的蜂蜜黄酮类成分在炼制后其量都有不同程度的变化,椴树蜜的槲皮素、桑黄素、木犀草素、山柰酚、芹菜素、汉黄芩素、乔松素和白杨素量均有增加,短叶松素、柚皮素和高良姜素量没增加反而还有下降的;洋槐蜜中除芹菜素量增加不明显外,其余均有所增加,尤其是槲皮素和桑黄素增加的较为明显;百花蜜和枣花蜜12种黄酮类成分量均显著增加。结论炼制可造成蜂蜜中黄酮类成分的种类和含量发生改变。     

Chinesische Orthopädie: Teil 1: Die Zukunft der Akupunktur in der Postmoderne

The locomotor system is one of the major fields of application for acupuncture. The results of the large acupuncture studies funded by German Health Insurances from 2000 until 2006 are impressive and repressive: they restrict acupuncture application by allocation of reimbursement and create the necessity of reorientation, since acupuncture can neither be adequately described nor prescribed solely on the basis of disease entities. Regarding these disease entities, it seems rather necessary to analyse the layers of problems and formulate a hierarchy of therapeutic goals instead. Only in this way the effects of acupuncture, related techniques and further therapeutic modalities can be matched with the set of objectives. The article presents general principles and follows their application from biological aspects to implications for the locomotor system and consequences for the application of physical therapy. The manual of acupuncture focuses on therapeutic effects and objectives first, and then goes on to sketch simple therapeutic strategies and finally complex approaches within acupuncture. These may encompass acupuncture, microsystem acupuncture and complex therapeutic modes.     

Patientin mit chronisch rezidivierenden Gelenks- und Wirbelsäulenschmerzen

Background

Acupuncture as a regulative therapy is well-suited for the treatment of functional, reversible disorders. Additionally, the WHO recommends its application for pain therapy in cases of arthritis and back pain due to various causes. This case study should clarify which paths to take in the case of a multi-morbid patient suffering from chronic pains due to polyarthrosis.

Objective

Pain reduction and improvement of quality of life as well as improvement of sleep quality.

Methods

Annual treatment series consisting of 10 sessions each, one session per week.

Results

short-term pain reduction before undergoing endoprosthetic surgery; considerable improvement of general status and sleep.

Conclusions

Acupuncture may bring temporal relief in cases of chronic pain due to osteoarthritis and should therefore be applied in combination with western medicine. Acupuncture is particularly well-suited to treat the co-emergent vegetative symptoms.     

Fallbericht: Patientin mit Schlafstörung

Background

Since the onset of her menopause about ten years ago, a sixty-year old patient has been suffering from hot flashes and sleep disorders causing her to become increasingly anxious and nervous. As the patient's mother had died of breast cancer, substitution of hormones was not advisable. Relaxation methods such as Yoga and Autogenic Training could only mildly alleviate the symptoms.

Objective

To effectively treat the sleep disorder, improve quality of life, lessen frequency and severity of hot flashes

Methods

Weekly sessions with ear- and body acupuncture for ten weeks

Results

After the third acupuncture session the patient reported a decrease of nightly waking episodes but suffered from acute pain in the neck as well as shoulder region. After nine therapy sessions, the patient reported a 50% decrease of nightly waking episodes. The hot flashes, however, remained unchanged.

Discussion

In this case, acupuncture significantly improved the patient's sleeping disorder. It also reduced the symptoms of anxiety and nervousness. Other menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes and dryness of mucous tissues, could not be influenced.