BISAP评分对急性胰腺炎严重程度及预后评估的临床价值

目的 通过与传统的急性胰腺炎(AP)病情评分系统比较,了解急性胰腺炎严重程度床边指数(BISAP)评分对AP严重程度及预后评估的临床价值.方法 回顾性分析2005年1月至2010年12月间收治的497例AP患者资料,分别进行BISAP、APACHEⅡ、Ranson及Balthazar CT( CTSI)评分,评估病情严重程度.应用受试者工作曲线下面积(AUC)比较BISAP评分与其他各评分系统对AP严重程度及胰腺坏死、器官功能衰竭、患者病死发生的预测能力.结果 497例患者中重症急性胰腺炎(SAP) 101例,轻症急性胰腺炎(MAP) 396例,MAP组和SAP组患者的年龄、性别、病因分布差异无统计学意义.497例患者的BISAP评分、APACHEⅡ评分、Ranson评分的平均分值分别为(1.08±1.01)、(5.79±4.00)、(1.69±1.59)分,两两相关(r值分别为0.612、0.568、0.577,P值均＜0.001).此外,SAP患者的BISAP评分、APACHEⅡ评分、Ranson评分的分值均显著大于MAP患者(P值均＜0.01).BISAP评分预测SAP的AUC值为0.762( 95％ CI 0.722～0.799),阳性截止(cutoff)值为2分,敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为63.4％、83.1％、48.1％、89.4％;预测胰腺坏死的AUC值为0.711(95％CI0.612～0.797),cutoff值为2分,敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为84.6％、46.7％、35.5％、89.7％;预测器官衰竭的AUC值为0.777(95％ CI0.683 ～0.854),cutoff值为2分,敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为93.1％、51.4％、43.5％、94.9％;预测患者病死的AUC值为0.808(95％ CI 0.718 ～0.880),cutoff值为3分,敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为83.3％、67.4％、25.6％、96.8％.BISAP评分与其他评分系统预测SAP各预后指标的差异均无统计学意义.结论 BISAP评分对AP严重程度及预后的评估价值与其他传统的评分系统相同,但其只有5项指标,且均可在入院24h内采集,可以早期、简便地预测SAP,值得在临床推广应用.     

三种评分标准对急性胰腺炎病情和预后的评估作用

目的 探讨Ranson、CT严重指数(CTSI)和急性胰腺炎严重程度床边指数(BISAP)三种评分系统在判断急性胰腺炎(AP)病情和预后中的价值.方法 回顾性分析2008年1月至2011年4月共计503例确诊AP患者,包括轻症急性胰腺炎(MAP) 356例,重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)147例,应用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线比较Ranson、CTSI和BISAP评分系统对AP病情严重度的评估价值和对病情预后的预测价值.将SAP分为无脏器功能衰竭组和脏器功能衰竭组,比较3种评分系统对AP并发脏器功能衰竭的预测价值.结果 MAP组和SAP组间的Ranson、CTSI和BISAP评分分值差异均有统计学意义(x2分别为236.88、126.24和101.27,P＜0.01),Ranson评分系统的敏感度(97.3％)和ROC曲线下面积(AUC)值(0.92)最大.在147例SAP患者的无脏器功能衰竭组和脏器功能衰竭组中,Ranson和BISAP评分的差异均有统计学意义(x2分别为17.67和26.12,P＜0.01),敏感度均为100％,特异度分别为96％和85％,BISAP评分的AUC值最大(0.80).在病情改善组和病情恶化组,Ranson和BISAP评分的分值差异具有统计学意义(x2分别为9.53和10.19,P＜0.05),BISAP评分系统的AUC值最大(0.74).结论 3种评分系统均可用于判断AP病情的严重程度.对于SAP并发脏器功能衰竭的风险和预后的判断,BISAP评分优于Ranson评分.BISAP评分简便、易行,为AP临床病情的判断提供了重要手段.     

HAP评分联合BISAP评分及D-二聚体检测对重症急性胰腺炎有较高的预后评估价值

目的：探讨HAP评分联合急性胰腺炎严重程度床边指数（BISAP）评分及血浆D-二聚体水平对重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）预后评估的价值。方法：选取2017年6月-2018年12月在东莞市人民医院收治的急性胰腺炎（AP组）患者180例，其中，轻症急性胰腺炎（MAP组）56例，中度重症急性胰腺炎（MSAP组）60例，SAP（SAP组）64例。根据住院期间预后情况分为预后良好组（33例）和预后不良组（31例）。180例健康体检者作为对照组。对AP患者进行无害性胰腺炎（HAP）评分、BISAP评分；免疫比浊法检测血浆D-二聚体水平；采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线评估HAP评分、BISAP评分及血浆D-二聚体水平对SAP患者预后评估的价值；Z检验比较预后价值。结果：AP组患者血浆D-二聚体水平较对照组明显升高（P＜0.05）；随着AP病情的加重，患者HAP评分、BISAP评分及血浆D-二聚体水平逐渐升高（P均＜0.05）。预后不良组SAP患者HAP评分、BISAP评分及血浆D-二聚体水平较预后良好组明显升高（P均＜0.05）；HAP评分、BISAP评分、血浆D-二聚体水平单独预测SAP患者不良预后的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.826（95%CI：0.724~0.928）、0.838（95%CI：0.741~0.935）、0.831（95%CI：0.730~0.932），截断值分别为1.765、2.420、0.950mg/L，敏感度分别为74.2%、87.1%、80.6%，特异性分别为75.8%、69.7%、75.8%；三者联合预测的ROC曲线下面积为0.952（95%CI：0.905~0.999），敏感度为96.8%，特异性为81.8%；联合预测SAP患者不良预后与单独预测比较，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：SAP患者HAP评分、BISAP评分及血浆D-二聚体水平明显升高，三者联合检测对SAP具有较高的预后评估价值。     

BISAP评分系统对重症急性胰腺炎的评估价值

目的 探讨新型BISAP评分体系(bedside index for severity in AP)对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)的评估价值。方法 选取临床拟诊为SAP的患者68例,分别进行BISAP、APACHEⅡ、Ranson以及CTSI评分。BISAP评分标准包括患者入院24h内的尿素氮水平、受损精神状态、全身炎症反应综合征、年龄、胸腔积液5项内容。以BISAP≥3分、APACHEⅡ≥8分、Ranson≥3分、CTSI≥3分为SAP的评估标准,分析这几种评分系统评估SAP的正确率。结果 68例患者中,BISAP≥3分者43例,占63.2％;APACHEⅡ≥8分者41例,占60.3％;Ranson≥3分者41例,占60.3％;CTSI≥3分者46例,占67.6％。BISAP评分系统与APACHEⅡ评分系统、Ranson评分系统以及CTSI评分系统比较,评估SAP的正确率均无显著性统计学差异。结论 BISAP评分系统作为一种新型的、简便的评分体系可推广应用于SAP的评估。     

BISAP评分对急性胰腺炎患者病情严重度及预后评估价值的研究

目的研究BISAP评分系统对急性胰腺炎(AP)患者病情严重程度及预后指标包括住院天数、有无局部并发症、全身并发症、器官衰竭及治疗转归等的评估价值,并与既往经典评分Ranson、CTST进行比较。方法采用回顾性临床研究方法,研究2001年2月-2011年11月上海市第一、第十人民医院及松江区中心医院收治的急性胰腺炎病例707例,对所有急性胰腺炎患者进行BISAP、Ranson和CT评分。受试者工作曲线(ROC曲线)分析三种评分系统对急性胰腺炎严重程度及预后的评估价值。结果 707例急性胰腺炎患者中急性轻型胰腺炎613例,急性重型胰腺炎94例。BISAP评分对急性胰腺炎轻重、局部并发症、全身并发症、器官衰竭及死亡的受试者工作曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.77、0.68、0.83、0.83、0.88。对急性胰腺炎死亡的判断,BISAP及Ranson评分均有较好的独立预测价值,优于CTSI评分。结论 BISAP评分对急性胰腺炎轻重分型、局部并发症、全身并发症和器官衰竭的发生及死亡均有较强的预测价值,与平均住院天数呈正相关;对急性胰腺炎死亡有独立预测价值,且时效性强,可以在急性胰腺炎发病早期发现重症趋势。     

细胞因子联合BISAP评分系统早期预测急性胰腺炎严重程度及预后的前瞻性研究

目的分析细胞因子白介素6(IL-6)联合急性胰腺炎严重程度床边指数(BISAP)早期(病程48 h)预测急性胰腺炎预后的临床价值。方法前瞻性选取2013年3月至2014年9月我院收治的确诊为急性胰腺炎(AP)的患者。所有患者入院时即抽取空腹静脉血测定IL-6,采用Ranson评分系统、BISAP评分以及IL-6联合BISAP评分判断胰腺炎患者预后,比较各评分系统的灵敏度以及特异度。结果共84例患者纳入本前瞻性研究,其中SAP 26例,MAP 58例。IL-6联合BISAP评分预测急性胰腺炎患者器官功能衰竭、胰腺坏死优于Ranson评分(P0.05)及BISAP评分;三种评分系统对于预测患者死亡方面无显著差异(P0.05)。结论细胞因子IL-6联合BISAP评分系统对早期预测急性胰腺炎严重程度及预后更有价值。     

血清脂肪酶联合Ranson或BISAP评分系统诊断急性胰腺炎严重程度的效果分析

目的探讨血清脂肪酶联合Ranson或BISAP评分系统在急性胰腺炎严重程度中的诊断意义。方法选取2012年2月-2015年2月惠东县第二人民医院收治的急性胰腺炎患者314例,分为轻症急性胰腺炎(MAP)组(n=202)和重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)组(n=112)。对所有患者分别进行血清脂肪酶检测、Ranson评分、BISAP评分、脂肪酶联合Ranson或BISAP评分。计量资料组间比较采用t检验,计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验,不同评估方法间曲线下面积(AUC)、约登指数比较采用Z检验。结果 SAP患者的血清脂肪酶水平、Ranson评分值、BISAP评分值均显著高于MAP患者,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为14.89、11.89、5.12,P值分别为0.003、0.007、0.037)。预测器官功能衰竭、胰腺坏死和病死率的AUC中,脂肪酶联合BISAP评分系统均高于BISAP评分,差异均有统计学意义(Z值分别为7.54、7.11、7.57,P值分别为0.033、0.031、0.030);脂肪酶联合Ranson评分系统均高于Ranson评分,差异均有统计学意义(Z值分别为5.23、5.78、6.18,P值分别为0.037、0.034、0.032);脂肪酶联合BISAP评分系统均高于脂肪酶联合Ranson评分系统,差异均有统计学意义(Z值分别为13.55、8.33、7.66,P值分别为0.005、0.029、0.031)。脂肪酶联合Ranson评分系统预测器官功能衰竭、胰腺坏死和病死率的约登指数均高于Ranson评分,差异均有统计学意义(Z值分别为5.17、6.89、7.35,P值分别为0.038、0.032、0.027);脂肪酶联合BISAP评分系统的约登指数均高于BISAP评分,差异均有统计学意义(Z值分别为7.54、7.22、9.57,P值分别为0.030、0.031、0.025),脂肪酶联合BISAP评分系统的约登指数均高于脂肪酶联合Ranson评分系统,差异均有统计学意义(Z值分别为10.11、10.23、13.24,P值分别为0.020、0.019、0.010)。结论脂肪酶联合Ranson或BISAP评分系统在诊断急性胰腺炎严重程度时较单独采用Ranson评分系统、BISAP评分系统准确性高,其中脂肪酶联合BISAP评分系统敏感性更高,更具有临床诊断价值。     

BISAP评分联合TG、MAP1-LC3对急性胰腺炎预后的预测价值

[目的]:探讨急性胰腺炎(AP)严重程度床边指数(BISAP)评分联合甘油三酯(TG)、微管相关蛋白1轻链3(MAP1-LC3)对急性胰腺炎预后的评估价值。[方法]选择2014年3月～2018年6月我院收治的154例AP患者为研究对象,根据病情严重程度分为轻症AP(MAP)组和重症AP(SAP)组,2组患者分别为82例和72例,另选取同期来我院进行检查的56例健康人作为对照组。对MAP和SAP组患者BISAP评分进行比较,采用ELISA法检测3组血清TG和MAP1-LC3水平并进行比较。[结果]SAP组BISAP评分显著高于MAP组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);不同预后结局中,死亡患者BISAP评分显著高于多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)和胰腺坏死患者;SAP组血清TG和MAP1-LC3水平显著高于MAP组和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);Person相关性分析显示BISAP评分与血清TG、MAP1-LC3水平呈正相关;BISAP评分联合TG和MAP1-LC3预测死亡患者的准确度显著高于单独BISAP评分预测,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]BISAP评分、TG和MAP1-LC3是评估AP预后的重要指标,BISAP评分联合血清TG和MAP1-LC3能够有效预测AP预后,准确度高,具有重要的预后预测价值,值得在临床进一步应用。     

急性胰腺炎严重程度床边指数对老年患者的评估价值

目的：探讨急性胰腺炎（AP）严重程度床边指数（BISAP）评分对老年AP严重程度的评估。方法回顾性地分析2010年1月至2013年6月在北京老年医院住院的96例老年AP患者,通过与Ranson评分比较,分析BISAP评分对老年AP病情严重度及预后的预测价值。结果轻度胰腺炎63例,中、重度胰腺炎33例,BISAP评分及Ranson评分对老年AP严重程度及死亡率预测无显著性差异;BISAP评分在预测老年AP严重度中有较高的敏感性;BISAP评分与C反应蛋白（CRP）、血糖、血钙、血清白蛋白有相关性,BISAP分值越高血清CRP、血糖值越高,血钙、血清白蛋白值越低。结论 BISAP评分操作简单易行,对老年AP的病情及预后有一定价值。     

急性胰腺炎不同评分体系在新分类标准中的再评价

目的重新评价BISAP、APACHEⅡ、CTSI等评分体系对急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis,AP)新分类内重度急性胰腺炎(severe acute pancreatitis,SAP)的评价价值。方法收集2013年9月至2014年10月北京协和医院收治的136例AP患者临床资料及入院BISAP、CTSI、APACHEⅡ、SIRS、Glasgow、Ranson评分,评估各评分体系与新分类的相关性,用ROC曲线分析各评分预测病情严重程度的准确性,并评价其对预后的判断价值。结果 (1)136例AP患者中,轻度急性胰腺炎组50例(36.8%),中度重症胰腺炎组61例(44.9%),重症胰腺炎组25例(18.4%)。(2)BISAP、APACHEⅡ、CTSI评分与疾病严重程度相关(P0.05)。(3)BISAP、APACHEⅡ和CTSI评分对新分类中SAP预测准确性AUC值分别为0.904、0.942和0.823,最佳预测值分别为3分(敏感度84%,特异度86.5%,阳性似然比6.216,阴性似然比0.185)、10分(敏感度96%,特异度86.5%,阳性似然比7.104,阴性似然比0.046)和4分(敏感度96%,特异度56.8%,阳性似然比2.220,阴性似然比0.070)。(4)BISAP评分与疾病复发相关(P0.05)。结论 BISAP、APACHEⅡ、CTSI评分与新分类相关性较好,其中BISAP、APACHEⅡ评分对SAP的预测最为准确,BISAP≥3分或APACHEⅡ≥10分提示SAP。     

Single center validation of mortality scores in patients with acute decompensation of cirrhosis with and without acute-on-chronic liver failure

Objectives: Acute decompensation (AD) of cirrhosis is characterized by high mortality. We aimed to validate the performance in predicting mortality of both the chronic-liver-failure-consortium (CLIF-C) acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) and CLIF-C AD scores in a cohort of patients admitted for AD.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study, patients were followed-up during their hospital stay and for 365 days thereafter.

Results: About 182 patients with AD were enrolled including 78 (42.8%) who met the criteria for ACLF (ACLF-group) while the remaining had AD without ACLF (AD-group). 56.4% and 56.7% of the ACLF- and AD-groups, respectively, had alcoholic cirrhosis and 85.9% of the ACLF-group hepatic encephalopathy. Only few patients were hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) or transplanted. The probabilities of death estimated for both scores were similar to the overall mortality rates observed at all time points. The model had a good fit in the AD-group at 90 days (p?=?.974) but a worse, yet adequate, in the ACLF-group at 28 days (p?=?.08). The CLIF-C ACLF or AD scores had an adequate, predictive discrimination ability for mortality at all time points, with Harrel’s concordance index-C ranging between 0.64 and 0.65 or 0.64 and 0.68, respectively. Both scores showed a similar predictive accuracy for mortality compared to those of MELD, MELD-Na and Child-Pugh.

Conclusions: In this population without access to appropriate ICU treatment, the CLIF-C ACLF and AD performed worse than in studies with patients having ICU access. In addition, the CLIF scores were not superior to classical ones in this setting.     

急性胰腺炎评分系统综述

急性胰腺炎为急诊常见疾病,大多数为轻型病程,20％发展为急性重症胰腺炎,病情凶险,病死率高。因而早期对急性胰腺炎进行评估,识别急性重症胰腺炎患者并给予早期积极治疗至关重要。本文介绍了目前临床上广泛使用的Ranson、APACHEII、BISAP、CTSI等急性胰腺炎评分系统,并对其特点进行综述。     

LIRER score – a valuable tool to predict medium-long-term outcomes in hepatic cirrhosis decompensation

Abstract

Background

The liver-renal-risk (LIRER) score was developed to predict adverse outcomes in cirrhotic patients with Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD)<18, helping the allocation to liver transplantation in this population. We aimed to assess its prognostic performance compared to other prognostic scores in first admission for hepatic cirrhosis decompensation.     

Value of coronary artery calcium score to predict severity or complexity of coronary artery disease

Background

Prediction of severity or complexity of coronary artery disease (CAD) is valuable owing to increased risk for cardiovascular events. Although the association between total coronary artery calcium (CAC) score and severity of CAD, Gensini score was not used, it has been previously demonstrated. There is no information about the association between total CAC score and complexity of CAD.

Objectives

To investigate the association between severity or complexity of coronary artery disease (CAD) assessed by Gensini score and SYNTAX score (SS), respectively, and coronary artery calcium (CAC) score, which is a noninvasive method for CAD evaluation in symptomatic patients with accompanying significant CAD.

Methods

Two-hundred-fourteen patients were enrolled. Total CAC score was obtained before angiography. Severity and complexity of CAD was assessed by Gensini score and SS, respectively. Associations between clinical and angiographic parameters and total CAC score were analyzed.

Results

Median total CAC score was 192 (23.0-729.8), and this was positively correlated with both Gensini score (r: 0.299, p<0.001) and SS (r: 0.577, p<0.001). At multivariate analysis, it was independently associated with age (ß: 0.154, p: 0.027), male gender (ß: 0.126, p: 0.035) and SS (ß: 0.481, p< 0.001). Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed a cut-off value > 809 for SS >32 (high SS tertile).

Conclusion

In symptomatic patients with accompanying significant CAD, total CAC score was independently associated with SS and patients with SS >32 may be detected through high Agatston score.     

常见评分系统对社区获得性肺炎预后的效果评价

目的探讨CURB-65评分、A-DROP评分、q-SOFA评分和中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)对社区获得性肺炎(CAP)死亡率的预测价值。方法回顾性分析2016年1月-2018年12月间安徽医科大学第二附属医院呼吸与危重医学科收治的196例CAP患者的临床资料,所有病例均符合纳入排除标准。入院后24 h内测量生命体征,并在抗生素治疗前收集患者静脉血,测定血清生化等指标,通过比较受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析CURB-65、A-DROP、q-SOFA和NLR对患者30 d死亡率的预测效能。结果196例患者30d死亡率为12.7%,CURB-65、A-DROP、q-SOFA和NLR预测死亡率的曲线下面积分别是0.73、0.63、0.69和0.69。结论CURB-65、A-DROP、q-SOFA和NLR均可用于CAP死亡率的预测。其中CURB-65预测效能最高,但易受到医疗条件的限制;qSOFA检测指标要求不高,利于CAP的快速分级。     

三种量表在心内科对肺栓塞预测价值的比较

目的比较3种肺栓塞(PE)临床评估量表对心内科疑诊PE的预测价值。方法对2010年1～10月于我院心内科住院时疑诊PE的患者同时行Wells、Geneva和改良Geneva量表评分,并行64层CT肺动脉造影(CTPA)。通过受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积比较3种临床评估量表对PE的预测价值。结果 175例患者中,CTPA诊断PE的患者33例(18.9%)。PE患者的Wells、Geneva量表评分均高于非PE者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而改良Geneva量表评分在两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Wells量表评分显示PE低、中、高度可能性患者中,PE患者分别占9.3%(10/108)、32.3%(21/65)和100%(2/2);Geneva量表评分显示,PE患者分别占15.8%(21/133)、23.1%(9/39)和100%(3/3);而改良Geneva量表评分显示,PE患者分别占14.8%(16/108)、24.2%(16/66)和100%(1/1)。Wells、Geneva和改良Geneva量表评分对PE的预测的ROC曲线下面积分别为:0.77±0.06、0.63±0.06和0.61±0.05。其中Wells量表评分的ROC曲线下面积最大,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在心内科,3种量表评分中,Wells量表评分对PE的预测价值较高,可作为PE的临床基本筛查方法。     

老年性痴呆的简易预测模型

目的尝试建立老年性痴呆(阿尔茨海默病)的简易预测模型。方法通过病例对照研究获得老年性痴呆的主要影响因素及其回归系数,以回归系数为基础建立riskscore(风险评分)预测模型,并考核其预测效果。结果 52个病例、70个对照的Logistic回归分析显示,年龄(OR=1.39)、文化程度(OR=0.65)、婚姻状况(OR=1.12)、高血压史(OR=1.25)、血铝水平(OR=3.71)、血硒水平(OR=0.52)为老年性痴呆的主要影响因素。通过使用风险评分模型计算各研究对象所得风险总分并绘制受试者工作曲线(ROC),曲线下的面积为0.838(P0.001)。当风险总分切点选择为216.6时,该模型的灵敏度为80.8%,特异度为75.7%,粗一致率为75.9%,其在一般人群中的阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为14.1%和98.8%。结论通过使用年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、高血压史、血铝水平、血硒水平作为老年性痴呆预测因子的riskscore预测模型可能对老年性痴呆具有一定的预测效果。     

Predicting the clinical outcome of tetanus: the tetanus severity score

OBJECTIVES: To create a new tetanus score and compare it with the Phillips and Dakar scores. METHODS: We used prospectively acquired data from consecutive patients admitted to the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, to create the Tetanus Severity Score (TSS) with multivariate logistic regression. We compared the new score with Phillips and Dakar scores by means of resubstituted and prospective data, assessing performance in terms of sensitivity, specificity and area under receiver operator characteristic curves. RESULTS: Resubstitution testing yielded a sensitivity of 77% (298/385) and a specificity of 82% (1,183/1,437) for the TSS; 89% (342/385) and 20% (281/1,437) for the Phillips score; and 13% (49/385) and 98% (1,415/1,437) for the Dakar score. The TSS showed greatest discrimination with 0.89 area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (95% CI 0.88-0.90); this was 0.74 for the Dakar score and (95% CI 0.71-0.77) and 0.66 for the Phillips score (95% CI 0.63-0.70; P values <0.001). Prospective testing showed 65% (13/20) sensitivity and 91% (210/230) specificity for the TSS; 80% (16/20) and 51% (118/230) for the Phillips score; and 25% (5/20) and 96% (221/230) for the Dakar score. The TSS achieved the greatest area under TSS of 0.89 (95% CI 0.82-0.96), significantly greater than the Phillips score [0.74 (0.6-0.88), P = 0.049] but not the Dakar score [0.80, (0.71-0.90), P = 0.090]. CONCLUSIONS: The TSS is the first prospectively developed classification scheme for tetanus and should be adopted to aid clinical triage and management and as a basis for clinical research.     

Symptom scoring systems to diagnose distal polyneuropathy in diabetes: the Diabetic Neuropathy Symptom score.

AIMS: To provide one of the diagnostic categories for distal diabetic polyneuropathy,several symptom scoring systems are available, which are often extensive and lack in validation. We validated a new four-item Diabetic Neuropathy Symptom (DNS) score for diagnosing distal diabetic polyneuropathy. METHODS: We compared score characteristics of the generally accepted Neuropathy Symptom Score (NSS) with the DNS score, and tested construct validity,predictive value and reproducibility with the Diabetic Neuropathy Examination score, Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments and Vibration Perception Threshold(clinical standards) in 73 patients with diabetes (24 Type 1, 49 Type 2;43 male/30 female; mean age 57 years (19-90);mean diabetes duration 15 years (1-43)). RESULTS: Correlation between NSS and DNS score was high (Spearman r= 0.88). Patient scores were more differentiated on the DNS score. The relation of the NSS and DNS scores, respectively, with clinical standards was good (Spearman r= 0.21-0.60). Reproducibility of the DNS score was high (Cohen weighted kappa 0.78-0.95). The DNS score was easier to perform in clinical practice. CONCLUSIONS: The DNS is validated, fast and easy to perform, with a high predictive value when screening for diabetic polyneuropathy.     

Radiographic evidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in high-risk congenital diaphragmatic hernia survivors

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is a congenital malformation associated with pulmonary hypoplasia. It often leads to respiratory failure, requiring artificial ventilation with high inflation pressures and high percentages of oxygen. We evaluated radiographic evidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in survivors, who presented with respiratory distress within 6 hours after birth, by a radiographic scoring system measuring the severity of BPD by the Toce score and the degree of pulmonary hypoplasia by the Touloukian score. Fifteen of 45 survivors (33 percent) had clinical and radiological lung disease resembling BPD. As a group they had significantly higher Touloukian and Toce scores than survivors without BPD. Morbidity expressed as the duration of artificial ventilation, supplemental oxygen, and hospital stay was much higher in the BPD group. The hypoplastic lung in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia appears to be as susceptible to barotrauma and pulmonary oxygen toxicity as the lungs of prematurely born infants. To what extent BPD occurring in congenital diaphragmatic hernia survivors might influence the future development of lung function is not yet known. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.