厄贝沙坦和培哚普利对轻中度原发性高血压凝血纤溶系统的影响

目的观察厄贝沙坦和培哚普利在降压的同时,对原发性高血压凝血纤溶系统的影响.方法测定48例轻中度原发性高血压患者及23例对照组血浆纤维蛋白原(Fbg)、D-二聚体(D-D)、抗凝血酶Ⅲ(AT-Ⅲ)水平.将48例轻中度高血压患者随机分成2组,厄贝沙坦组22例,150 mg/d口服;培哚普利组26例4 mg/d口服,治疗后6周测Fbg、D-D、AT-Ⅲ.结果高血压组治疗前Fbg、D-D显著高于对照组(P均＜0.01),AT-Ⅲ低于对照组(P＜0.05).药物治疗后2组Fbg、D-D均较用药前降低,差异有显著性(P均＜0.01),AT-Ⅲ均升高(P＜0.05).结论厄贝沙坦和培哚普利在控制血压的同时能改善高血压患者的高凝和继发性纤溶亢进状态.     

厄贝沙坦对高血压患者纤维蛋白溶解障碍的影响

目的　观察厄贝沙坦对高血压患者纤溶障碍的影响。方法　观察 2 8例 1、2级原发性高血压病人用厄贝沙坦治疗 2周前后血压、心率、血浆纤溶性指标 (t PA抗原、PAI抗原和 D-二聚体 )和血管性血友病因子 (v WF)水平的变化 ,并与 2 1例健康对照组比较。血液指标测量均采用酶联免疫吸附双抗体夹心法。结果　 2 8例病人经厄贝沙坦降压治疗 2周后 ,血压明显下降 (P<0 .0 1) ,而心率无明显变化 (P>0 .0 5 )。 2 8例病人治疗前血浆 PAI- 1、D-二聚体和v WF水平明显高于对照组 (P<0 .0 1) ,治疗后明显下降 (P<0 .0 1) ;2 8例病人治疗前 t PA抗原 ,t PA/ PAT- 1比值明显低于对照组 (P<0 .0 1) ,治疗后明显增加 (P<0 .0 1)。结论　 AT1受体阻滞剂厄贝沙坦可明显改善高血压病患者纤溶障碍 ,其作用机制可能部分与改善内皮功能有关     

单用厄贝沙坦与厄贝沙坦/氢氯噻嗪复方片治疗原发性高血压疗效分析

目的 评价单用厄贝沙坦与厄贝沙坦/氢氯噻嗪复方片(安博诺)治疗轻中度原发性高血压的疗效.方法 选取106例轻中度原发性高血压病人,随机分为两组,A组口服厄贝沙坦,B组口服厄贝沙坦/氢氯噻嗪复方片,两组病人均随访治疗12周,观察两组降压疗效和不良反应.结果 完成12周随访情况,A组49例,B组48例.A组降压总有效率为83.7%,B组降压总有效率为89.6%,两组相比无统计学意义.对于舒张压达标率B组明显优于A组.两组病人均未观察到严重不良反应.结论 厄贝沙坦/氢氯噻嗪复方片治疗轻中度原发性高血压控制率和达标率较高,无明显不良反应.     

培哚普利对轻中度原发性高血压患者血管炎性因子和内皮功能的影响

目的:探讨培哚普利对轻中度原发性高血压(EH)患者血管炎性因子和内皮功能的影响。方法:100例EH患者随机分为培哚普利治疗组(培哚普利组,50例)和常规治疗组(常规组,50例),两组患者在入院后次日凌晨分别空腹采肘静脉血,测定血浆高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、纤维蛋白原(FIB-C)、内皮素1(ET-1)及一氧化氮(NO)的含量;另选择健康体检者50例作对照组,培哚普利组治疗4周后复查上述指标,与对照组进行比较。结果:培哚普利组和常规组治疗前血浆hs-CRP、FIB-C及ET-1水平较对照组明显增高,NO下降(均P<0.05);治疗4周后,常规组血浆hs-CRP、FIB-C、ET-1与NO水平较治疗前无显著性变化,培哚普利组血浆hs-CRP、FIB-C与ET-1水平均较治疗前下降(均P<0.01),NO升高(P<0.05)。结论:培哚普利可以抑制EH患者血管炎症反应,改善血管内皮功能。     

伊贝沙坦对原发性高血压患者纤溶功能的影响

目的:探讨高血压患者纤溶功能的变化以及伊贝沙坦对其影响。方法:原发性高血压(EH)2级患者42例(EH组),健康对照者30例(对照组);EH患者服用伊贝沙坦150 mg/d,观察对照组及EH组用药前后对纤溶功能的影响。结果:用药前EH组纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1(PAI-1)活性明显高于对照组,组纵型纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)活性明显低于对照组;用药后纤溶指标PAI-1显著降低(P<0.01),t-PA水平增高(P<0.05)。结论:EH患者存在血纤溶功能异常,伊贝沙坦可改善EH患者纤溶功能失调,对PAI-1作用明显。     

厄贝沙坦合用培哚普利对急性心肌梗死后左室重塑的影响

目的观察厄贝沙坦合用培哚普利对急性心肌梗死(AM I)患者左室重塑的影响。方法50例AM I患者随机分为治疗组(26例)和对照组(24例),治疗组在常规治疗基础上加厄贝沙坦及培哚普利,对照组仅加用培哚普利,在第3、6个月时分别采用超声观察左室舒张末期容积指数(LVEDVI)、收缩末期容积指数(LVESVI)、室壁运动指数(WMSI)、射血分数(LVEF)变化。结果2组治疗后,LVESVI、WMSI均减少,LVEF增加,与治疗前相比差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);治疗后治疗组与对照组间比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论应用厄贝沙坦合用培哚普利能更有效地防治急性心肌梗死后的左室重塑。     

培哚普利对慢性心力衰竭患者血浆t-PA和PAI-1水平的影响

目的评价培哚普利对慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)和纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1(PAI-1)水平的影响。方法采用酶联免疫吸附法测定60例CHF患者(CHF组)及20例健康人(正常对照组)血浆t-PA、PAI-1水平。CHF组患者又随机均分为常规治疗亚组和培哚普利亚组。培哚普利亚组在常规治疗基础上加用培哚普利2~4mg,每日1次。所有CHF患者治疗2周后复测血浆t-PA、PAI-1水平。结果CHF患者血浆t-PA、PAI-1水平比正常对照组明显增高(P<0.01)。治疗后,培哚普利亚组血浆PAI-1水平比常规治疗亚组明显降低(P<0.01),血浆t-PA水平比常规治疗亚组明显升高(P<0.01)。结论培哚普利不仅可降低PAI-1水平,而且可升高t-PA水平,改善内源性纤溶功能。     

培哚普利与苯磺酸氨氯地平联合治疗原发性高血压的疗效观察

目的探讨培哚普利与苯磺酸氨氯地平联合治疗原发性高血压的疗效。方法将80例原发性高血压患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组40例在应用培哚普利的基础上加用苯磺酸氨氯地平片,对照组40例采用培哚普利,观察两组药物对高血压的疗效。结果治疗组总有效率90.0%,对照组总有效率77.5%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论培哚普利与苯磺酸氨氯地平联合治疗高血压疗效肯定、不良反应少,值得推广。     

厄贝沙坦与非洛地平对原发性高血压纤溶系统影响的比较

目的 :通过比较厄贝沙坦和非洛地平对原发性高血压 (EH)患者纤溶系统的影响 ,探讨在改善EH纤溶障碍方面厄贝沙坦是否优于非洛地平。方法 :5 3例 1、2级EH患者随机分为厄贝沙坦组 2 8例 (厄贝沙坦15 0mg/d)和非洛地平组 2 5例 (非洛地平 5mg/d) ,共服药物 2周 ,观察治疗前后血压、血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物 (tPA)及其抑制物 (PAI 1)含量、D 二聚体 (D D)和血管性血友病因子 (vWF)水平的变化。结果 :两组患者的基本资料差异无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,两组患者治疗后血压均显著性下降 (P <0 .0 1) ,但两组之间治疗前后血压相比差异无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。治疗后两组PAI 1、vWF和D D水平均显著下降 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,tPA和tPA/PAI 1比值明显升高 (P <0 .0 5 )。两组之间治疗前的tPA、PAI 1、D D和vWF含量差异均无显著意义 ,治疗后的D D和vWF水平差异也无显著性意义 ,但PAI 1含量在厄贝沙坦组减少更明显 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,tPA和tPA/PAI 1比值在厄贝沙坦组增加更显著 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :厄贝沙坦和非洛地平均能有效改善EH的纤溶障碍 ,但厄贝沙坦优于非洛地平     

厄贝沙坦与科素亚治疗轻中度原发性高血压的疗交对比

目的评价厄贝沙坦治疗轻中度原发性高血压的疗效和不良反应.方法采用随机双盲法将50例轻中度原发性高血压患者分为厄贝沙坦组和科素亚组,分别接受厄贝沙坦150mg/d或科素亚50mg/d,4周后若舒张压≥90mmHg,接受厄贝沙坦300mg/d或科素亚100g/d.治疗前后测量坐位血压,记录所有不良反应.结果厄贝沙坦与科素亚均能有效降低血压,治疗总有效率分别为85.6%和82.6%(P＞0.05),两组降压程度无统计学意义(14.1±7.2mmHg对15.9±9.4mmHg,P＞0.05).厄贝沙坦组具有良好的耐受性.结论厄贝沙坦(150～300mg,每日一次)是治疗轻中度原发性高血压的安全有效药物.     

Medical and Psychology Students' Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Aging and Sexuality

The current study surveys medical and doctoral psychology students (N = 100) from an urban northeastern university regarding knowledge and attitudes toward elderly sexuality and aging using the Facts on Aging Quiz, the Aging Sexuality Knowledge and Attitudes Scale, and measures of interest in gerontology, academic/clinical exposure to aging and sexuality, and contact with elders. The current study found that psychology students demonstrated greater aging knowledge than medical students; however, both groups showed gaps in knowledge about sexuality. Married students had greater academic/clinical exposure and greater knowledge about aging but less permissive attitudes toward elderly sexuality. Generally, knowledge about aging was the strongest correlate of knowledge about sexuality. Level of knowledge about sexuality was not associated with attitudes. Attitudes toward sexuality and aging may be more strongly tied to demographic variables reflective of religious beliefs or adherence to sociocultural norms.     

Cement and Concrete Nanoscience and Nanotechnology

Concrete science is a multidisciplinary area of research where nanotechnology potentially offers the opportunity to enhance the understanding of concrete behavior, to engineer its properties and to lower production and ecological cost of construction materials. Recent work at the National Research Council Canada in the area of concrete materials research has shown the potential of improving concrete properties by modifying the structure of cement hydrates, addition of nanoparticles and nanotubes and controlling the delivery of admixtures. This article will focus on a review of these innovative achievements.     

Leptin and cellular and innate immunity in abstinent alcoholics and controls

BACKGROUND: Basic studies indicate that in vitro and in vivo doses of leptin modulate cellular immune responses. Given evidence that concentrations of leptin are altered in alcoholics who also show immune abnormalities, this study examined the relationships between circulating levels of leptin and markers of cellular and innate immunity. METHODS: Circulating levels of leptin, natural killer cell (NK) activity, interleukin-2 (IL-2)-stimulated NK activity, and concanavalin A-stimulated production of IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12 were compared between abstinent DSM-IV alcohol-dependent men (n = 27) and age- and gender-matched controls (n = 34). RESULTS: As compared with controls, alcoholics showed lower NK activity (p < 0.01) and a trend for lower levels of leptin (p = 0.055). In the total sample, leptin predicted NK activity (beta = 0.33; p < 0.05) after controlling for the confounding influence of body mass index, alcohol intake, and smoking. Leptin was not correlated with any of the cytokine measures. To examine whether the effects of leptin were mediated by its direct action on NK, additional studies examined in vitro effects of leptin on NK activity in healthy volunteers (n = 10); leptin doses (0.1, 1, and 10 nM) yielded levels of NK activity comparable to those with media alone. CONCLUSIONS: These data show that circulating levels of leptin are associated with NK activity in humans and suggest that abnormal in vivo concentrations of leptin may contribute to the declines of NK activity in alcoholics who are at risk for infectious diseases.     

自身免疫与动脉粥样硬化的发生发展

在动脉粥样硬化的发生发展过程中,自身免疫具有重要作用,本文就近年有关动脉粥样硬化的免疫机制的研究进展作一简要综述.     

Neutropenia and agranulocytosis in England and Wales: incidence and risk factors

The objectives of this study were to estimate the incidence of idiosyncratic neutropenia and agranulocytosis in England and Wales and to evaluate their risk factors and outcomes. The study was conducted using data from the General Practice Research Database. All cases of idiosyncratic neutropenia or agranulocytosis were identified and the incidence was estimated. This was followed by a nested case-control study, estimating odds ratios with drug exposure from conditional logistic regression. From 1987 to 1999, 3,224 patients with idiosyncratic neutropenia (50 with agranulocytosis) were identified. The incidences of neutropenia and agranulocytosis were estimated to be 120 and 7 cases per million people per year, respectively. The adjusted odds ratios for neutropenia were 34.7 (95% confidence interval 12.0-99.7) for current users of thyroid inhibitors, 9.5 (4.4-20.8) for users of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, and 7.6 (4.9-11.9) for users of aminosalicylates. Other drugs with statistically significantly increased risks of neutropenia included antibacterial drugs, non-opioid analgesics, NSAIDs, antidepressants, ulcer-healing drugs, and anti-epileptics. The increase in risk of neutropenia predominantly occurred during the first months of treatment. For most drugs investigated in this study, there was no relationship to daily dose. The excess 1-year mortality was low among neutropenia and agranulocytosis cases and mostly explained by the underlying disease state. In conclusion, the highest risks of neutropenia were generally found in patients starting treatment. The excess 1-year mortality was low among neutropenia and agranulocytosis cases and can be mostly explained by the underlying disease state.     

慢性饮酒、吸烟与骨质疏松的相关性研究

目的 探讨长期大量慢性饮酒、吸烟等不良生活方式与骨质疏松的关系.方法 以乏力、腰背痛、双下肢酸困为主诉,且有长期大量慢性饮酒史、吸烟史,无其他慢性疾病史的年轻男性患者45例为观察对象,测定其血钙(Ca)、血磷(P)和血肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)、血糖(Glu)、天门冬酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸基转移酶(ALT)、血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、甲状腺功能、全段甲状旁腺激素(iPTH)、1,25-二羟维生素D3[1,25-(OH) 2D3]、双能X线骨密度仪测定腰椎L1-4及左侧股骨近段(包括颈、股骨颈上部、大粗隆)骨密度(BMD),分析饮酒、吸烟对骨量的影响.以感冒发热就诊、年龄相当、无饮酒、吸烟史及慢性疾病史的45例男性为对照组.结果 观察组1,25(OH)2D3水平均降低,血钙水平偏低,血磷正常,碱性磷酸酶呈不同程度地升高,骨密度T值提示观察组27例骨质疏松,12例骨量减少,6例正常骨量;而对照组仅有6例为骨量减少,1例骨质疏松,38例为正常骨量,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 长期慢性大量饮酒吸烟影响骨量,甚至易导致骨质疏松.     

中青年超重和肥胖与高血压及高同型半胱氨酸血症的相关性研究

目的探讨中青年超重和肥胖与高血压及高同型半胱氨酸血症的相关性。方法选取2012年1月—2013年10月在我院进行常规健康体检者750例,测量受试者血压、身高、体质量及血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平。结果男性超重、肥胖检出率分别为36.87%(198/537)和13.97%(75/537),均高于女性的16.43%(35/213)和7.50%(16/213)(P0.05)。超重者和肥胖者高血压和高同型半胱氨酸血症检出率分别为21.03%(49/233)和11.16%(26/233)、46.12%(42/91)和41.76%(38/91),均高于正常者的9.16%(37/404)和2.23%(9/404),肥胖者高于超重者(P0.01)。收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)及血清Hcy与BMI呈正相关(r值分别为0.639、0.515、0.497,P0.01)。结论中青年尤其是男性超半数存在超重或肥胖,高血压及高同型半胱氨酸血症与BMI呈正相关,超重和肥胖者高血压及高同型半胱氨酸血症的发生率高,应积极防治。