A survey of seroepidemiology of toxoplasmosis

The article reports the result of serological investigation on toxoplasmosis among human,animaland fowl populations in Huimin District,Shandong Province.2269 samples from 1471 people,133pigs,343 sheeps,127 goats,75 chickens and 120 rabbits were tested by IHA method.There were 7％positives found in human,2.5～11.3％ in domestic animals and fowls.with the highest incicencein pigs.There are marked difference in incidences between the group of farmers,cadres and the group     

Identification of protectective antigens of asexual stages of Plasmodium falciparum.

Seven monoclonal antibodies(McAbs)specific for Plasmodium falciparum from human immune seraof three individuals,two adults and one child(six years old),living in a malaria endemic area in Hainanprovince and immune sera of BALB/c mice immunized with the erythrocytic stages of P.falciparumwere used to identify the protective antigens present in the asexual blood stages of falciparum malaria.The McAbs designated 93A3,94B5,92D4 and 93D4 all immunoprecipitated the ~125I-labcled polypepti-des with apparent MWs of 125,115,83,74 and 67 KD.In addition,the 35S-methionine-labeled polype-     

Manuscript reviewers of World Journal of Gastroenterology

Yogesh Kumar Chawla,Professor Department of Hepatology,Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research,Chandigarh 160012,India．ykchawla@hotmail．com Chiung-Yo Chen,Associate Professor College of Medicine,National Cheng Kung University,138 Sheng Li Road,Tainan 704,Taiwan．chiungyu@mail．ncku．edu．tw Gran-Hum Chen,Associated Professor Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,Veteran’S General Hospital,Taichung,Taiwan,160,Tai-Chung-King Rd．Sec 3．Taichung,Taichung 40705,Taiwan．ghchen@vghtc,gov．tw Li-Fang Chou,Professor Department of Public Finance,National Chengchi University,64,Sec. 2,Zhi-Nan Road,Taipei 11623,Taiwan．1ifang@nccu．edu．tw     

Systematic review of nephrotoxicity of drugs of abuse, 2005–2016

Background

The United States is faced with an unprecedented epidemic of drug abuse. Every year thousands of Americans visit the emergency departments all over the country with illicit drug related complaints. These drugs have been known to be associated with a range of renal pathologies, from reversible acute kidney injuries to debilitating irreversible conditions like renal infarction. So far, no comprehensive study or systematic review has been published that includes the commonly used street drugs and designer drugs with potential nephrotoxic outcomes.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review of published case reports, case series, and cross sectional studies of nephrotoxicities related to drugs of abuse. Literature review was conducted using PubMed/Medline from January 1, 2005 -December 31, 2016 to search for publications related to drug abuse with a defined renal outcome. Publications which reported renal injury in relation to the use of illicit drugs were selected, specifically those cases with raised creatinine levels, clinically symptomatic patients, for instance those with oliguria and proven renal biopsies.

Results

A total of 4798 publications were reviewed during the search process and PRISMA flow chart and Moose protocol regarding systematic reviews were followed. 110 articles were shortlisted for the review. A total of 169 cases from case reports and case series, and 14 case studies were analyzed. Renal manifestations of specific illicit drug abuse were included in this review.

Conclusion

Based on the evidence presented, a wide range of renal manifestations were found to be associated with drug abuse. If the trend of increasing use of illicit drug use continues, it will put a significant percentage of the population at an elevated risk for poor renal outcomes. This study is limited by the nature of the literature reviewed being primarily case reports and case series.

     

Implementation of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV programme through private hospitals of Delhi – policy implications

In India, programme for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV is primarily implemented through public health system. State AIDS Control Societies (SACSs) encourage private hospitals to set up integrated counselling and testing centres (ICTCs). However, private hospitals of Delhi did not set up ICTCs. Consequently, there is no information on PMTCT interventions in private hospitals of Delhi. This study was undertaken by Delhi SACS during March 2013 through September 2013 to assess status of implementation of PMTCT programme in various private hospitals of Delhi to assist programme managers in framing national policy to facilitate uniform implementation of National PMTCT guidelines. Out of total 575 private hospitals registered with Government of Delhi, 336 (58.4%) catering to pregnant women were identified. About 100 private hospitals with facility of antenatal care, vaginal/caesarean delivery and postnatal care and minimum 10 indoor beds were selected for study. Study sample comprised of large corporate hospitals (≥100 beds; n = 29), medium-sized hospitals (25 to <100 beds; n = 42) and small nursing homes (10 to <25 beds; n = 29). A pre-tested questionnaire was designed to obtain basic information about hospital in context to PMTCT programme. Interviews of heads of obstetrics and gynaecology and paediatric departments were conducted by trained interviewers. It was observed that in private hospitals in year 2012, out of 38,186 antenatal women tested, 52 (0.14%) were detected HIV-positive. However, against National Policy, HIV testing was done without pre/post-test counselling/or consent of women, no PMTCT protocol existed, delivery of HIV-positive women was not undertaken and no efforts were made to link HIV-positive women to antiretroviral treatment. Major intervention observed was medical termination of pregnancy, which indicates lack of awareness in private hospitals about available interventions under national programme. The role of private hospitals in management of HIV in pregnant women must be recognized and mainstreamed in HIV control efforts. There is an urgent need for capacity building of private health care providers to improve standards of practice. National AIDS Control Organization may consider establishing linkages or adopting model developed by some countries with generalized epidemic for delivering PMTCT services in private health sector.     

Report of 8 cases of liver retransplantation

BACKGROUND: Retransplantation of the liver is required for several complications of primary grafting, such as primary allograft non-function, hepatic artery thrombosis, biliary problems, or chronic ductopenic rejection. Surgeons usually take regrafting as the only pathway to treat those patients who are considered to have a poor outcome after the first operation. Whether the retransplantation is early or late, further attempts at rescue with a second or more grafts are associated with higher mortality and morbidity. However, retransplantation plays a role in improving survival of the patients. Therefore, it is necessary to summarize the experiences in liver retransplantation, as well as the factors influencing operative effects. METHOD: The clinical data of 8 patients who received liver retransplantation in our center were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Complications of the biliary tract occurred in 5 of the 8 patients, chronic rejection in 2, and embolism in the hepatic artery in 1. Infections occurred in 7 patients before engraftment. Patient 1 had developed renal failure before the surgery, and he died of severe infection and multi-organ failure after transplantation. Patient 4 had a massive hemorrhage during the operation and also died of multi-organ failure after transplantation. Patient 7 developed intracranial hemorrhage and abdominal infection and died soon after transplantation. The other 5 patients recovered and discharged from the hospital. CONCLUSIONS: Liver retransplantation is the only measure that can be taken to save the lives of patients whose liver allograft fails to function. It is very important that the indications and time of retransplantation are carefully selected. Factors leading to harmful effects on retransplantation include the preoperative condition of the recipient, a difficult and prolonged operation, massive hemorrhage during the operation, and severe complications after the surgery.     

Should management of pneumonia be an indicator of quality of care?

Many regulatory bodies and payers measure the quality of care provided to patients admitted to the hospital with pneumonia. Some pneumonia quality measures were not based on high-level evidence, and there is also concern that public reporting of performance could drive excessive use of diagnostic testing and antibiotic treatment. There have been significant increases in the performance rate of several process of care recommended for patients hospitalized with pneumonia, accompanied by a decrease in 30-day mortality. To maximize the potential for improved patient outcomes, physicians and regulators must remain vigilant to detect unintended negative consequences related to performance measurement.     

Analyses of antigenic properties of three components of Taenia solium cysticercus.

Different components of Taenia solium cysticercus,cyst fluid,surface and somatic components,were prepared to compare their antigenic properties.Separation of these components by SDS-PAGEresulted in distinguishable complex patterns of polypeptides.About 70％ polypeptides in three com-ponents reacted in immunoblots with pooled sera obtained from the cysticercosis patients.Many otherpolypeptides reacted with individual cysticercosis sera in a heterogeneous manner.However,one com-     

Curent concepts of the pathogenesis of IBD

Ｏｖｅｒｔｈｅｐａｓｔｄｅｃａｄｅ，ｔｈｅｆｏｃｕｓｏｆｔｈｅｅｔｉｏｐａｔｈｏｇｅｎｅｓｉｓｏｆｃｈｒｏｎｉｃｉｎｆｌａｍｍａｔｏｒｙｂｏｗｅｌｄｉｓｅａｓｅ（ＩＢＤ）ｈａｓｔｕｒｎｅｄｔｏｗａｒｄｄｅｆｉｎｉｎｇａｄｅｆｉｃｉｔｉｎｉｍｍｕｎｅｒ...     

Role of endoscopic miniprobe ultrasonography in diagnosis of submucosal tumor of large intestine

AIM:To evaluate the role of miniprobe ultrasonography undercolonoscope in the diagnosis of submucosal tumor of thelarge intestine,and to determine its imaging characteristics.METHODS:Thirty-five patients with submucosal tumorsof the large intestine underwent miniprobe ultrasonographyunder colonoscope.The diagnostic results of miniprobeultrasonography were compared with pathological findingsof specimens by biopsy and surgical resection.RESULTS:Lipomas were visualized as hyperechoichomogeneous masses located in the submucosa with adistinct border.Leiomyomas were visualized as hypoechoichomogeneous mass originated from the muscularis propria.Leiomyosarcomas were shown with inhomogeneous echoand irregular border.Carcinoids were presented assubmucosal hypoechoic masses with homogenous echoand distinct border.Lymphangiomas were shown assubmocosal hypoechoic masses with cystic septal structures.Malignant lymphomas displayed as hypoechoic massesfrom mucosa to muscularis propria,while pneumatosiscystoids intestinalis originated from submucosa with aspecial sonic shadow.One large leiomyoma was misdiagnosedas leiomyosarcoma.CONCLUSION:Endoscopic miniprobe ultrasonography canprovide precise information about the size,layer of origin,border of submucosal tumor of the large intestine and hasa high accuracy in the diagnosis of submucosal tumor ofthe large intestine.Pre-operative miniprobe ultrasonographyunder colonoscope may play an important role in the choiceof therapy for submucosal tumor of the large intestine.     

Evaluation of Endoscopic Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Eminence Lesions of Gastric Fundus

Here summarized the results of 24 cases esophageal varies bleeding (EVB) treated with sclerotherapy or compression with Sengstaken-Blakemore (S-B) tube. The effective rate of hemostasis treated by sclerotherapy and variceal compression with Sengstaken-Blakemore (S-B) tube procedure was 66.7% and 33.0% respectively. The total rate of recurrent bleeding during a periods of follow-up was 36.4% and 75.0% respectively.     

Effect of praziquantel and albendazole on ultrastructure of protoscolex of Echinococcus granu-losus.

When Echinococcus granulosus protoscolices maintained in 20％ calf serum-RPMI 1640 were expo-sed to praziquantel 1μg/ml for 1-48 h,severe lesions of the tegument,including indistinction of ma-     

Study of carcinogenic effect of coal tar pitch smoke on forestomach of mice

ＳｔｕｄｙｏｆｃａｒｃｉｎｏｇｅｎｉｃｅｆｅｃｔｏｆｃｏａｌｔａｒｐｉｔｃｈｓｍｏｋｅｏｎｆｏｒｅｓｔｏｍａｃｈｏｆｍｉｃｅＷＡＮＧＪｉａｎｇ，ＬＩＸｉｎＲｏｎｇ，ＷＥＩＬｉａｎｄＺＨＡＯＱｉｎｇＸｉａＳｕｂｊｅｃｔｈｅａｄｉｎｇｓＣｏａｌｔａｒ...     

Acknowledgments to Reviewers of World Journal of Gastroenterology

Katsunori lijima, DrD ivision of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aobaku., Sendai 980-8574, Japan Juan Lucio Iovanna, ProfessorC entre de Recherche INSERM, Unité 624, Stress Cellulaire, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy case 915, 13288 Cedex 9 Marseille, France Ming Li, Associate ProfessorT ulane University Health Sciences Center, 1430 Tulane Ave Sl-83, New Orleans 70112, United States Luigi Bonavina, Professor D…     

Acknowledgments to Reviewers of World Journal of Gastroenterology

Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review,a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology. The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the journal are grateful to the following reviewers for evaluating the articles (including those published in this issue and those rejected for this issue) during the last editing time period.