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1.
基于GIS技术网格定点式螺情信息系统的开发与应用   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
目的利用地理信息系统(GIS)、全球定位系统(GPS)技术开发钉螺孳生区螺情实查信息系统。方法通过开发螺情轨迹计算软件,利用有限的GPS实测坐标信息,自动计算和生成查螺轨迹,并结合螺情数据库,在GIS系统上形成直观的实查螺情信息分布图。结果建立了基于GIS技术的网格定点式螺情信息系统,并成功地在长沙市的4个区进行了试用,实现了人工查螺信息的标准化、直观化和数字化,提供了多种准确的定位螺情信息的查询方法。通过对历年的螺情信息处理,形成了以时间为主轴的螺情信息链,为政府部门制定查灭螺决策提供了可靠的信息模型。结论基于GIS技术的网格定点式螺情信息系统大大提高了人工查螺信息处理的效率和螺情的准确度,使螺情信息更加完整和系统化,为建立湖南省的螺情信息系统奠定了基础。  相似文献   

2.
第一讲 流行病学研究资料的来源与收集   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
资料收集的意义:流行病学研究的前提是要调查和收集大量的资料。所有流行病学调查研究的结果,均是建立在掌握和积累大量资料、数据的情况下进行的,全面、完整的收集原始资料,是使流行病学研究得以圆满完成的根本保证。对人群中有关疾病与健康的信息、数据进行收集,是流行病学研究的最基本、最重要的步骤。原始资料的收集,是调查研究至关重要的第一步。它不仅构成了统计分析的基础,而且也是决定调查研究成败的关键所在。对地方病而言,资料收集的意义主要体现于利用所获资料描述我国地方病的地理分布、时间分布、人群分布、流行强度、流行特征及对人类健康的危害程度;促进对病因、流行因素、流行机制的探索;为制定卫生策略、防治规划、评价卫生工作质量和效果提供重要依据;为我国有效控制多种地方病积累宝贵的证据。  相似文献   

3.
根据《中共中央、国务院关于卫生改革与发展的决定》,国家卫生部已经把卫生监督体制改革作为当前的一项重点工作,卫生监督体制的改革必然带动整个卫生防病机制的改革,这是因为经济转轨已经为卫生防病体制的改革提供了现实的基础,而且造就了不可逆转的趋势。因此,随着各级疾病控制中心的组建,鼠疫防治工作在疾病控制中将如何发挥应有的作用,逐渐引起鼠疫防治工作者和有鼠疫疫源地的各级政府的广泛关注。在卫生改革中鼠疫防治工作迫切要求卫生防病机构强化功能,完善投入补偿机制,建立健全疾病控制体系,预防与控制鼠疫的流行,以满足…  相似文献   

4.
医院护理信息管理系统是运用信息科学理论和计算机技术方法所建立的处理护理信息的软件系统,是医院信息系统的重要组成部分;其建立过程是一项包括信息科学理论、管理体系、实施方法、系统标准化、系统程序设计堵方面的系统工程,其中护理信息标准化是开发医院护理信息技术、建设和管理医院护理信息系统的基础工程;系统信息标准化程  相似文献   

5.
地理信息系统在全国艾滋病综合防治示范区的开发与应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了解决当前艾滋病综合防治示范区数据收集繁琐、质量不高、管理及数据利用率不高等问题,基于当前收集的信息及分析要求,引用了地理信息系统。该系统主要包括基本信息、地图显示、数据管理、经费管理、专家管理、系统配置等六个部分;形成了数据传输、导入、处理,分析和分布显示的一个完整的信息系统。将数据与地理信息系统相结合,使具有地理特征的信息在地图上得以显示,使其更加直观,分析、比较更加清晰;及时发现存在问题,使数据的管理更具条理化、科学化。该系统简单易操作,能够定期更新,维护简便;能够为国家、省级艾滋病综合防治示范区管理决策者及时准确地提供所需信息。  相似文献   

6.
随着地方病防治、监测工作的深入开展,三大地方病得到有效地控制。随之而来的地方病科务管理工作就显得越来越重要。科务工作主要包括报表、统计汇总、基础数字分析、历史资料保管、科技信息传递、以及资料归档立卷等工作,为卫生防病、科研、交流经验等提供了大量的原始资料和数据。现结合工作实际谈一下看法。  相似文献   

7.
丁型肝炎是全球性的公共卫生问题,HDV感染率在不同地区中的差异较大,基因型也各不相同,慢性HBV感染者重叠感染HDV可加速疾病进展,但丁型肝炎在很大程度上并未被予以重视。新疆地区是乙型肝炎的高发区域,然而关于丁型肝炎的研究比较缺乏。本文讨论HDV感染在新疆地区的流行概况,对新疆地区HDV感染率、不同民族之间的HDV分子流行病学研究以及周边毗邻国家HDV的感染现状进行简要综述,旨在为新疆地区开展HDV分子流行病学研究和疾病防控提供参考。  相似文献   

8.
目的 了解彭州市地震灾后重建建筑工地卫生防病工作现状,为加强建筑工地卫生防病管理提供依据及对策.方法 制定灾后重建建筑工地卫生防病状况调查表,对全市77个在建的灾后重建建筑工地进行现场调查.结果 32.47%的建筑单位工地饮用水来源于市政及镇管网水,所有建筑工地均设置生活垃圾放置点,有37.66%的工地提供民工宿舍,37.66%的工地设置民工食堂,有18.18%的工地开展了卫生知识健康教育.灾后重建建筑工地卫生防病主要问题在于民工宿舍、食堂.结论 灾后重建建筑工地应加强对外来援建建筑工人的传染病监测,应将卫生防病工作纳入建筑工地质量安全体系管理,重点加强对工地食堂及周边餐馆和流动摊点的卫生监督管理,同时开展建筑工地卫生防病的健康教育宣传,有针对性的开展建筑工地工人居住地的消杀工作.  相似文献   

9.
在"卫生部西部地区防病脱贫及科技成果转化研究"项目中,福海县被列为新疆地区项目试点县之一,福海县疾控中心承担实施该项目工作.该项目从2001年开始实施到2003年结束,主要开展"加强对家犬埋植吡喹酮药棒驱虫、牲畜屠宰卫生管理,加强人群健康教育、开展阿苯哒唑乳剂药物治疗和病情监测"等综合防治措施的落实工作,以防病脱贫为目标,探索一条在西部农牧业地区因病致贫和因病返贫方面存在问题的解决途径,总结出防病脱贫工作可持续发展系统管理经验,并通过科技成果转化取得社会效益和经济效益.现将福海县项目实施情况小结如下.  相似文献   

10.
赵军  宋燕 《地方病通报》2008,23(2):58-58
<中国国家疾病控制信息系统>应用以来,国家和地方政府投入了巨大的人力、物力和财力,各级卫生行政部门和疾控中心进行逐级、系统的培训,2004年4月1日起新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州疫情网络直报工作与全国同步实施.实施以来,巴州传染病疫情网络直报运行正常,也发现不少问题,在自治区网络直报信息质量评价连续两年排名较后,现分析如下.  相似文献   

11.
Epidemiological findings of a single outbreak event may not be generalized; however, the characteristics of a typical outbreak can be determined on the basis of a large number of similar events. The Outbreak Database () is the largest collection of nosocomial outbreaks currently available—and is still expanding. Articles are filed systematically, enabling those on a specific parameter of interest to be retrieved quickly. As such, this database is an extremely valuable tool on many medically related fronts, such as for educating other medical personnel, providing relevant information during the investigation of an acute outbreak, or addressing scientific-oriented questions. Several systematic reviews on a wide range of subjects, including sources of infections, types of pathogens, routes of transmission, appropriate infection control measures, and patients at risk of infection, have already been published based on information contained in this database. As this database may be used free of charge, all medical staff in the field of infection control, hygiene, and hospital epidemiology should be aware of its existence.  相似文献   

12.
With the widespread use of electronic medical records and administrative claims databases, analytic results from so-called real-world data have become increasingly important in healthcare decision-making. Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous condition that involves a broad spectrum of patients. Real-world database studies have been recognised as a powerful tool to understand the impact of current practices on clinical courses and outcomes, such as long-term glucose control, development of microvascular or macro-vascular diseases, and mortality. Diabetes is also a major global health issue and poses a significant social and economic burden worldwide. Therefore, it is critical to understand the epidemiology, clinical course, treatment reality, and long-term outcomes of diabetes to determine realistic solutions to a variety of disease-related issues that we are facing. In the present review, we summarise the healthcare system and large-scale databases currently available in Japan, introduce the results from recent database studies involving Japanese patients with diabetes, and discuss future opportunities and challenges for the use of databases in the management of diabetes.  相似文献   

13.
We present the analysis, design and implementation of a system that allows specialists at a medical centre to recuperate and manage information produced by computers that generate medical diagnosis images. The main objective of the system is to define an architecture that provides doctors with an easy and centralized access to any information they may need, and to allow users to access this information from the computers at the hospital itself as well as from remote locations, which then require telemedicine sessions. The architecture is built according to a layered and modular methodology, which provides high scalability and interoperability with other information systems (HIS, RIS, etc). All the information is stored in a database: not only the various image studies of the patient, but also all data concerning the diagnosis and any comments the specialist may have made. We have also incorporated tools that are not usually found in conventional systems (image segmentation, advanced visualization, etc), but that help the specialist with the decision-making process.  相似文献   

14.
Self-neglect in older adults is an increasingly prevalent, poorly understood problem, crossing both the medical and social arenas, with public health implications. Although lacking a standardized definition, self-neglect is characterized by profound inattention to health and hygiene. In light of the aging demographic, physicians of all specialties will increasingly encounter self-neglectors. We outline here practical strategies for the clinician, and suggestions for the researcher. Clinical evaluation should include attention to medical history, cognition, function, social networks, psychiatric screen and environment. The individual’s capacity is often questioned, and interventions are case-based. More research is needed in basic epidemiology and risk factors of the problem, so that targeted interventions may be designed and tested. The debate of whether self-neglect is a medical versus societal problem remains unresolved, yet as health sequelae are part of the syndrome, physicians should be part of the solution.  相似文献   

15.
作为当今空间信息自动管理和分析的强大工具,地理信息系统(geographic information system,GIS)的发展为流行病学研究提供了一种新的技术手段.寄生虫病的扩散流行多数依靠媒介传播,GIS通过对传播媒介的监测,结合当地地理环境因素,往往可以对疾病发生的趋势和概率进行初步的预测.  相似文献   

16.
作为当今空间信息自动管理和分析的强大工具,地理信息系统(geographic information system,GIS)的发展为流行病学研究提供了一种新的技术手段.寄生虫病的扩散流行多数依靠媒介传播,GIS通过对传播媒介的监测,结合当地地理环境因素,往往可以对疾病发生的趋势和概率进行初步的预测.  相似文献   

17.
BACKGROUND: Medical guidelines provide recommendations that ought to help physicians in medical decision-making under different circumstances. To develop electronic medical guidelines and to make them available for physicians using the Internet can further enhance the quality and efficiency of health care, especially with the simultaneous use of electronic health records. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to outline the needs for web-based systems that support the use of medical guidelines in practice; and to focus on the development of web-based electronic medical guidelines for treatment of arterial hypertension. METHODS: The importance of electronic health record in cardiology for data acquisition, data storage and data mining is considered. The anonymized database of approximately 1800 hypertensive patients has been created to compare medical practice with guidelines and discover features of diseases that can help with their management. Using this database we evaluated several web-based electronic guidelines systems. RESULTS: The 1999 WHO/ISH Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension were formalized and interpreted using the Guide-X methodology, using the Apollo system and web-based electronic guidelines. The web-based electronic guidelines were tested on the smaller anonymous recent data set of 840 hypertensive patients. CONCLUSIONS: An easy transfer of knowledge from medical guidelines to structured electronic guidelines opens new possibilities for easy reusability of medical knowledge by general practitioners and clinicians.  相似文献   

18.
BackgroundAs patients share in the decision-making process regarding treatments they receive, it is important that they can discriminate between reliable and unreliable sources of information about potential treatments.MethodsIn this study, health professionals and patients were asked to assess the reliability of information contained in pamphlets on treatments for asthma and atopic dermatitis using a new Japanese translation of an instrument called DISCERN. The scores given by both groups were analyzed to assess inter-rater agreement. The same DISCERN instrument was used by health professionals to evaluate websites on treatments for atopic dermatitis and the degree of inter-rater agreement was assessed again.ResultsThere was a greater inter-rater agreement between health professionals than between patients. When health professionals used the instrument to evaluate websites, the final rankings given were consistent between different raters, showing good inter-rater agreement.ConclusionsWe conclude that DISCERN is useful for evaluating the reliability of medical information both in pamphlets and on the internet, although it is used more effectively by health professionals than by patients. Further studies are needed on the use of DISCERN by patients in evaluating websites containing medical information.  相似文献   

19.
The Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region (XUAR) in north-western China is known to be endemic for Echinococcosis multilocularis, the causative agent of human alveolar echinococcosis (HAE). Despite regular reports of HAE cases in their region, very little is known about the local epidemiology of the disease or the transmission of E. multilocularis. The epidemiology of HAE in Xinjiang has now been investigated by the analysis of data collected from the medical records of 157 clinical cases who had attended the four main hospitals in the region. These data indicate that the disease is relatively common in the Altai, western Junggar, and Tianshan mountain ranges, whereas the Tarim and Junggar basins are likely to be of low endemicity. The prevalence of the disease in the Kunlun mountains is not clear. Semi-nomadic groups, especially those of Kazakh or Mongol origin, have a higher risk of infection than other ethnic groups. Prevalence of the disease in humans appears to be correlated with aspects of the local climate, such as annual precipitation and temperature. Red foxes, Microtinae, Ochotona spp. and Marmota spp. may be important hosts of E. multilocularis in the XUAR, sustaining the transmission cycles of the parasite.  相似文献   

20.
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