脑干梗死72例临床分析

目的探讨脑干梗死的临床特征、病理基础、及影像学特点，提高对本病的诊断及疗效。方法对72例脑干梗死患者经头颅CT或MRI确诊后分为介入与非介入对照两组，并分析探讨本病的特点与介入的疗效。结果延髓和中脑梗死均具有交叉性瘫痪，脑桥梗死则有不同的临床征象，可概括为四种类型：交叉性瘫痪、四肢瘫、纯偏身感觉障碍、偏瘫并偏身感觉障碍。结论脑干梗死的主要临床表现复杂多样，不典型病例早期诊断困难，MRI对脑干梗死早期诊断最有意义，CT不能确诊脑干梗死，但有助于排除脑干出血；介入及应用降纤制剂抗纤溶治疗急性脑干梗死其疗效优于非介入治疗。     

缺血性卒中的皮肤温度不对称性

对63例急性脑梗塞进行了6个月的前瞻性随访研究,测量病人休息时和双侧热刺激后5个测量点(前头、胸、前臂、腿、和足)的皮肤温度。其中男42例,女21例;半球梗塞44例,脑干梗塞19例(延髓11例,脑桥8例)。在梗塞后1～7天内(平均4天)用数字温度计记录皮表温度,病后第1月和第6月复查。 6个月的随访期间,60％(38/63)病人诉梗塞对侧偏身比同侧冷。其中半球梗塞者为59％(26/44)、脑干梗塞者为63％(12/19)。无病人诉同侧冷。所测     

一侧脑桥旁正中基底-被盖部梗死14例临床及影像学分析

目的 探讨一侧脑桥旁正中基底-被盖部梗死的临床特点和影像学特征.方法 对2004年3月至2006年6月沈阳军区总医院神经内科住院的14例一侧脑桥旁正中基底-被盖部梗死患者的危险因素、临床症状、体征、影像所见以及治疗结局进行回顾性分析.结果 所有14例患者均有高血压病史,其中合并糖尿病5例、曾患脑梗死3例.14例均表现病灶对侧偏瘫,对侧中枢性面瘫11例、构音障碍10例、头晕7例(其中3例伴眩晕)、对侧偏身感觉障碍6例、舌瘫4例、好笑2例.14例均无偏盲或视野缺损.CT和(或)MRI显示一侧脑桥旁正中区梗死灶呈椭圆形或长圆形,平均18.9 mm×9.8 mm.出院时,7例临床治愈,5例明显进步,1例无明显好转,1例"闭锁"状态.结论 一侧脑桥旁正中基底一被盖部梗死位于脑桥内侧2/3区域,主要由基底动脉硬化和穿支动脉血栓形成引起,以头晕、构音障碍、梗死灶对侧偏瘫及偏身感觉障碍为特征,预后较好.依据临床体征不易与幕上半球性偏瘫区别.     

继发于老年急性脑干梗死的不宁腿综合征临床特点及病变部位分析

目的探讨继发于脑干梗死的不宁腿综合征(RLS)临床特点及病变部位。方法纳入我院神经内科就诊的老年急性脑干梗死100例患者中RLS 11例,男性4例,女性7例,采用国际不宁腿严重程度量表(IRLS-RS)分级。结果老年急性脑干梗死患者RLS患病率为11.0%。病变位置:中脑2例(18.2%),脑桥8例(72.7%),延髓1例(9.1%);腹侧10例(90.9%),腹侧加背侧1例(9.1%)。脑桥上部4例,中部2例,下部2例。糖尿病7例(63.6%)。RLS症状主要表现在病灶对侧肢体,以感觉障碍为主。IRLS-RS分级轻度5例,中度4例,重度2例。结论老年脑干梗死后RLS患病率高,女性多于男性,合并糖尿病居多。梗死位于中脑和脑桥上部更易出现RLS,临床表现多见有感觉障碍,病灶对侧肢体出现症状较多见。     

脑桥旁正中梗死的临床与影像学特点分析

目的:本文旨在通过探讨脑桥旁正中梗死患者的临床和影像学特征,以利于临床医生的临床诊治工作.方法:回顾分析2013年9月～ 2014年3月通辽市医院神经内科以脑桥旁正中入院患者20例作为临床资料,分析患者的症状、体征、影像学特点及发病机制.结果:所有患者均于入院后查常规血生化并经头颅影像学确诊,其中肢体无力18例,0-5级不等,存在病灶对侧中枢性面瘫12例,言语笨拙4例,头昏患者11例,偏身麻木9例,饮水呛咳6例,构音障碍5例,面部麻木4例,单侧Babinski征阳性13例.治疗后临床治愈11例,明显进步7例,2例无明显好转怀疑与延迟就诊有关.结论:一侧脑桥旁正中梗死多位于脑桥内侧区域,主要由基底动脉深穿支动脉病变引起的;在临床中发现一侧偏瘫或偏身感觉障碍伴有头晕、构音障碍和饮水呛咳的患者均要考虑到脑桥旁正中梗死的可能,及时做MRI/MRA检查确诊.     

如何诊断延髓外侧综合征

辽宁省建平县医院范白阳医师函问：１例脑血栓病有左侧软腭麻痹,左侧霍纳征,左侧指鼻欠准,轻度头晕。右侧偏身痛温觉障碍,吞咽困难,左侧软腭上提无力,咽反射消失,于病后８小时和第５天两次ＣＴ仅见脑萎缩,无交叉性感觉障碍、眼震及偏瘫,可否诊断为延髓外侧综合征...     

脑干出血的诊断与治疗

脑干出血一般起病急骤、病情危重,表现为突然意识丧失、四肢瘫痪、去脑强直、瞳孔缩小如针尖样、有明显呼吸障碍及中枢性高热、呕吐咖啡样物质,病情进展迅速,病死率高。交叉性瘫痪是脑干病变的主要特征,即病变侧的脑神经受累的表现和病变对侧肢体受累的表现。脑干出血占脑出血的 8％-10％。脑桥是最常见的脑干出血部位,中脑和延髓出血少见。     

后循环梗死的临床表现分析

目的 了解后循环梗死常见临床症状、体征及特征性表现.方法 回顾性分析2004-2006年在我院神经内科住院的急性后循环梗死且资料完整的216例资料.所有患者在入院时均接受头颅MRI检查,证实在后循环供血区存在责任病灶.总结患者的临床症状和体征,分析后循环临床表现的特征及与病灶部位的关系.结果 患者常见的症状为偏侧肢体无力(81.9%)、口齿含糊(46.3%)、头晕(33.8%)、偏侧麻木(31.0%);最常见的体征足偏侧运动障碍(81.9%)、中枢性面舌瘫(61.1%)、构音障碍(46.3%)、偏侧感觉障碍(31.0%)及共济失调(30.1%);交叉性瘫痪发生率低(2.8%),单独的眩晕极少(1.4%);延髓麻痹、意识障碍、视力障碍及记忆障碍等症状有助于定位;经典的脑干综合征具有定位意义.结论 后循环梗夕匕临床表现复杂多变,特征性临床表现和临床综合征有助于后循环梗死的诊断.     

丁苯酞序贯治疗急性脑梗死延髓背外侧综合征1例报道

<正>延髓背外侧综合征是急性脑梗死中比较常见的临床症状,病变位于延髓上段的背外侧区,由小脑后下动脉或椎动脉血栓形成所致。具体表现:①眩晕、恶心、呕吐及水平眼震;②病灶侧真性球麻痹,吞咽困难、构音障碍、声嘶,病灶侧软腭低垂及咽反射消失;③病灶侧共济失调;④病灶侧Horner综合征;⑤交叉性偏身感觉障碍,病灶侧面部痛温觉缺失,病灶对侧偏身痛温觉减退或丧失。其中真性球麻痹危害最大,可引起反复唾液呛咳及食物反流,导致吸入性肺炎、营养丢失、脱水等并发症     

脑干梗塞患者脑干听觉诱发电位的变化及意义

我们对２５例已确诊的脑干梗塞患者进行了脑干听觉诱发电位检测，现将结果报告如下。资料与方法：本组男１７例，女８例；年龄４３～７２岁。根据临床症状、体征及ＣＴ检查结果均诊断为脑干梗塞，并符合１９８６年中华医学会第二次全国脑血管病学术会议修订的脑血管病诊断...     

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING IN POSTERIOR CIRCULATION INFARCTION: IMPACT ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT

To compare the diagnostic yield of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with computed tomography (CT) in posterior circulation infarction, we used proton MRI with a 0.3 Tesla magnet and a 3rd generation CT scanner in 25 patients. Age-matched controls were compared in a blinded fashion. Seventeen patients (68%) showed relevant pathology on MRI not seen on CT, 11 with normal CT and six with more extensive lesions, chiefly in the brain stem. Evidence of abnormal vertebrobasilar blood flow was seen in 8/25 (32%) of patients, suggested by vascular high intensity signals on MRI. Two tissue and one flow abnormality were seen in the control group. MRI provides additional information concerning infarct site, extent and pathogenesis in posterior circulation infarction.     

腔隙性脑梗死CT与MR表现对比研究

目的对比腔隙性脑梗死CT与MRI表现并探讨在腔隙性脑梗死诊断中的价值。方法对180例临床疑似腔隙性脑梗死患者在常规头颅CT、MRI的基础上行FLAIR、DWI和MRA检查,根据影像学结果进行对比分析,选择治疗方案。结果①MRI可以确诊疑似病例患者是负腔隙性脑梗死;②FLAIR可以发现早期脑缺血灶;③DWI可显示常规CT和MRI T1W1、T2W1不能显示的病灶（新鲜病灶）。④MRA显示血管闭塞的部位和狭窄程度。结论通过比较影像学早期诊断腔隙性脑梗死,显示梗死灶与靶血管的关系,早期临床体征可提供切实可行的影像学资料。     

脑梗死患者脑血流动力学的多层螺旋CT灌注成像研究

目的 探讨CT灌注成像(CTPI)在老年性脑梗死脑血流动力学研究中的价值.方法 48例临床拟诊脑梗死的患者,发病24 h内行CT 16层平扫及CTPI检查,测定兴趣区的脑血流量(CBF)、对比剂平均通过时间(MTT)和对比剂峰值时间(TTP),并与对侧相应脑组织灌注参数比较;所有病例3～10 d后行MRI随访.结果 本组中40.9%的患者CT平扫显示缺血灶,93.2%的患者CTPI显示异常灌注.CTPI发现异常灌注的敏感性为93.2%,特异性为100%;缺血区CBF减低,MTT、TTP延长,与对照区域比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 CTPI能够敏感地反映缺血脑组织的血流动力学状态,为老年性脑梗死的早期诊断、早期治疗提供重要信息.

Abstract：

Objective To study the value of CT perfusion imaging(CTPI)on brain hemodynamic of the aged with cerebral infarction. Methods The 48 patients who were doubted with cerebral infarction underwent 16-slice CT plain scanning and CTPI within 24 hours of onset. The cerebral blood flow(CBF), mean transit time(MTT)and time to peak(TTP)of contrast-medium in region of interest(FOV)were used as brain hemodynamic parameters in comparation with contralateral regions. All cases were followed up with MRI after 3-10 days. Results Ischemia lesion was found on CT plain scanning in 40.9% of patients, while 93.2% of patients showed abnormal perfusion on CTPI. The sensibility of CTPI in identifying ischemia area was 93.2%, and the specificity was 100%. CBF in research area was significantly reduced, MTT and TTP were remarkably increased in contrast to counterparts(P＜0.01). Conclusions CT perfusion imaging can sensitively reveal the hemodynamic condition of cerebral ischemia, which could provide the important information for early diagnosis and treatment of the elderly with brain infarction.     

Comparison of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging to diagnose brain metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer

To investigate the value of simultaneously obtained brain computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to diagnose brain metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with or without neurological symptoms. Sixty-two patients (58 male, 4 female) who were admitted to Yedikule Chest Hospital and Thoracic Surgery Center between January 2000-December 2003 and whom were diagnosed with NSCLC were included in the study. Ages of patients varied between 40-85 (61 +/- 11). All patients had hemogram and routine blood chemistry as well as chest X-ray, thorax CT, brain CT, brain MRI, FOB and a complete neurological exam. Brain metastasis were detected in 22 of 62 (35.5%) patients by using brain MRI and 16 (72.7%) of these hadn't had any neurological symptoms or signs. The difference to detect the brain metastasis between brain MRI and CT was statistically significant (p < 0.01). Nine of the 22 cases (14.5%) who were found to have brain metastasis by using MRI were stage I. While brain CT showed solitary brain metastasis in five patients, 4 (80%) of them were found to have multiple metastases when MRI studies were used. We concluded that, in an attempt to make correct staging and treatment of NSCLC and hence to investigate the brain metastasis in NSCLC patients including early stage ones, brain MRI is superior to brain CT study.     

Accuracy of transrectal ultrasound after preoperative radiochemotherapy compared to computed tomography and magnetic resonance in locally advanced rectal cancer

Introduction

The aim of the present study was to compare the restaging results obtained by transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed after preoperative chemoradiation with pathologic staging of the operative specimen.

Methods

From January 2008 to December 2009, all the consecutive patients with locally advanced rectal cancer that underwent neoadjuvant therapy at our department were evaluated. The results of diagnostic examinations and the definitive pathological examination were considered and compared.

Results

Thirty-seven patients were included in the study (27 males, 73%), mean age was 65.5?years (range 45–82?years). In all the patients TRUS and CT and in 20 patients MRI were performed before and after the treatment. Concerning the depth of invasion after treatment TRUS agreed with histopathology in 25/37 patients (67.5%), CT agreed in 22/37 cases (59.5%), and MRI in 12/20 cases (60%). Considering only neoplasia with stage T3, TRUS agreed in 23/24 cases (96%), CT in 19 cases (79%), and MRI in 10/12 cases (83.5%). Considering the tumors that did not exceed the rectal wall (T0, T1, and T2), TRUS agreed with histology in 2/13 cases (15.5%), CT in 3/13 cases (23%), and MRI 2/8 cases (25%). Concerning the presence of positive lymph nodes TRUS agreed with histology in 28/37 cases (75.5%), while CT agreed in 21/37 cases (56.5%) and MRI in 11/20 cases (55%). The concordance between the techniques was found to be low.

Conclusions

Transrectal ultrasonography resulted as the most accurate method to determine neoplastic wall infiltration and lymph node involvement even after radiochemotherapy. In most cases, considering the poor correlation between the diagnostic procedures and the disagreement of the results, a restaging performed only with TRUS could be proposed, limiting the use of the other imaging methods to selected cases.     

进展性脑卒中的临床与影像学研究

目的探讨进展性脑卒中(SIP)发病的相关因素。方法回顾性分析入住我院的SIP患者65例(SIP组),脑梗死患者65例(对照组),对两组患者一般临床资料和头颅CT、MRI进行对比分析。结果 SIP组患者入院前和入院后出现发热者32例(49.2%),对照组11例(16.9%);SIP组患者脉压差<30 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.1 33 kPa)者22例(33.8%),对照组5例(7.7%);SIP组患者高血糖43例(66.2%),对照组9例(13.9%),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。SIP组患者头颅CT或MRI检查早期显示病灶者42例(64.6%),大脑中动脉供血区梗死面积>33%者22例,分水岭梗死10例,脑干梗死5例;早期未显示病灶而大脑中动脉呈高密度影8例(12.3%)。对照组早期显示病灶者26例(40.0%),大脑中动脉供血区梗死面积>33%者1例,分水岭梗死2例,脑干梗死1例。SIP组患者大脑中动脉供血区梗死面积>33%、分水岭和脑干梗死以及大脑中动脉高密度影与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论发热、高血糖、低脉压差、大脑中动脉高密度影、大脑中动脉供血区梗死面积>33%、脑干及分水岭梗死是SIP发病的主要相关因素。SIP是多种因素、多种机制共同作用的结果。     

The brain scan and cervical artery lesions. Correlations: clinical-arteriographic-scanning

Cerebral angiography and CT brain scan are performed on a group of 174 patients (28 asymptomatic patients; 109 patients with symptoms of stroke in relation with a clinically defined vascular territory; 37 patients with symptoms in relation with a clinically uncertain vascular territory). Angiographic findings are: cervical artery lesions in 143 patients, brain artery lesions in 6 patients, both extra and intra cranial artery lesions in 22 patients, and non atheromatous artery lesions in 3 patients. CT brain scan shows: hypodensity in 19 cases, hyperdensity in 1 case, cortical and/or sub cortical atrophy in 141 cases. Only 13 patients have normal CT brain scan. Authors also note: 4 infarction areas in asymptomatic patients and only 4 hypodensities out of 21 cases of internal carotid artery occlusion. Ulcerated cervical artery lesions seem to be the main cause (73%) of cerebral infarction.     

Nonmyeloablative allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome complicated by recent intracerebral hemorrhage

A patient with intracerebral hemorrhage is considered ineligible for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We report a 49-year-old woman with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) complicated by refractoriness to platelet transfusion and intracerebral hemorrhage, who underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from an HLA-identical unrelated male donor. Nine days before the scheduled transplantation, she developed dysarthria and right hemiparesis; computed tomography (CT) of the brain disclosed an acute hematoma in the left parietal lobe exceeding 3 cm in diameter. She underwent conditioning with reduced-intensity, including fludarabine (30 mg/m2/day on days -8 to -3), busulfan (4 mg/kg/day on days -6 and -5), and total body irradiation (4 Gy on day -2). Two weeks after transplantation, dysarthria and right hemiparesis began to resolve, and CT showed spontaneous resolution of the hematoma. Simultaneously, engraftment was confirmed. Thus, recent stroke may be not an absolute contraindication for HSCT.     

脑分水岭梗死

目的 探讨脑分水岭梗死（CWI）的类型和临床特点。方法 分析192例经CT或磁共振成像（MRI）证实的CWI临床资料及影像学改变。结果 皮层前型69例,占35.9%。病灶在大脑前动脉和大脑中动脉边缘区,呈楔形,临床表现偏瘫、经皮层运动性失语、智能减退等症状,皮层后型74例,占38.5%,病灶在大脑中动脉和大脑后动脉边缘区,呈楔形,临床以轻偏瘫、情感淡漠为主要表现。皮层下型49例,占25.5%,病灶在大脑中动脉皮层支与深穿支的边缘带,常位于额角后外方和基底节区,呈长条状、三角形。结论CWI的临床表现复杂,诊断主要依据CT或MRI。     

脑出血患者的脑微出血研究

目的研究脑出血患者脑微出血的发生、分布、相关因素及与腔隙性脑梗死和脑白质改变等其他微小血管病变的关系。方法对连续住院的106例急性脑出血患者进行临床及磁共振研究。记录脑微出血的病灶数量、部位、有无腔隙性脑梗死灶、脑白质改变及其程度。依据有无脑微出血分为脑微出血组(62例)和无脑微出血组(44例)。结果脑微出血组患者病灶分布于皮质及皮质下(50.7%)、基底节及丘脑(34.1%)、脑干(9.0%)、小脑(6.2%);脑微出血组患者男性多,高血压及既往脑梗死发生率高(P<0.05);脑微出血发生的相关因素有腔隙性脑梗死(OR=7.188,P<0.001)及脑白质病变(OR=19.847,P<0.001)。结论脑微出血是严重的易于出血的脑微小血管病变,对脑出血患者进行二级预防具有指导意义。