咖啡酸苯乙酯对实验性肝损伤大鼠的保护作用

目的 探讨不同给药途径及不同剂量咖啡酸苯乙酯(CAPE)对四氯化碳(CCl4)等复合因素诱导大鼠肝损伤的保护作用.方法 选取95只雄性SD大鼠,随机分为9组,A:正常对照组;B:溶剂对照组,皮下注射橄榄油,腹腔注射10％乙醇;C:单纯模型组,腹腔注射10％乙醇;D:维生素E组,腹腔注射维生素E 10 mg/kg,1次/...     

苦丁茶提取物对酒精性肝损伤的保护作用

目的 研究苦丁茶提取物对酒精性肝损伤的保护作用。方法 对昆明种小鼠每日经口分别灌胃给予0．05g／kg、0．10g／kg和0．30g／kg的苦丁茶提取物。30天后，以0.12ml／10g BW一次灌胃给予50％乙醇。测定小鼠肝匀浆中丙二醛（MDA）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）和甘油三酯（TG）含量，同时观察肝脏病理。结果 各剂量组肝组织MDA含量均值分别为1．13、1．44、1．90nmol／100mg蛋白，低于乙醇对照组2．30 nmol／100mg蛋白（P〈0.05）；TG含量均值分别为1．14、1．38、1．41mmol／100mg肝，低于乙醇对照组1．95mmol／100mg肝（P〈0．01）；GSH含量分别为16．47、16．03、14.70μmol／g，高于乙醇对照组12．73／,μmol／g（P〈0．01）；各剂量组肝脏病理改变评分均低于乙醇对照组（P〈0．05）。结论 苦丁茶提取物对酒精性肝损伤具有保护作用。     

腺苷蛋氨酸对酒精性脂肪肝大鼠治疗效果及机制的研究

目的观察腺苷蛋氨酸（SAM）对酒精性肝损伤的防治作用及机制。方法将48只SD大鼠随机分为对照组（Ⅰ组）、模型组（Ⅱ组）及SAM低剂量组（Ⅲ组）、SAM高剂量组（Ⅳ组），每组12只。除对照组外，其余三组给予酒精、鱼油灌胃配合高脂饮食诱导酒精性肝损伤，4周后Ⅰ、Ⅱ组腹腔注射生理盐水，Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别腹腔注射SAMl00mg／kg、200mg／kg，第8周均处死。测定血浆总同型半胱氨酸（tHcy）浓度、血清丙氨酸转移酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转移酶（AST）浓度；测定肝匀浆丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量，行肝脏病理组织学检查。结果与Ⅰ组比较，Ⅱ组肝损伤明显，表现为ALT、AST、tHcy水平升高，肝脂肪变性，MDA含量增加，SOD和GSH水平下降；Ⅲ、Ⅳ组MDA降低、GSH升高，但tHcy水平和肝组织SOD含量无显著变化，Ⅲ、Ⅳ组间无明显差别。结论SAM可防治大鼠酒精性肝损伤，其机制可能与调节肝脏内氧化抗氧化系统的平衡有关；SAM对血浆tHcy水平无明显影响。     

选择性COX-2抑制剂、PGE1对肝硬化大鼠VEGF和CTGF表达的影响

目的探讨环氧合酶-2（COX-2）抑制剂、PGE1对肝硬化大鼠肝脏血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）和结缔组织生长因子（CT-GF）表达的影响。方法用50％CCl4（CCl4／橄榄油：体积比1／1）腹腔注射诱导SD大鼠肝硬化模型,每周2次,共8周。52只SD大鼠随机分为4组：正常对照组（n=10）腹腔注射橄榄油;模型对照组（n=14）,在诱导模型的同时给予等体积生理盐水灌胃,每日1次;选择性COX-2抑制剂罗非昔布组（n=14）,按10mg·kg^-1·d^-1灌胃;米索前列醇即PGE,组（n=14）,按每只大鼠10μg·d^-1灌胃。8周末处死大鼠留取肝组织,通过Westernblot和免疫组织化学方法检测肝组织VEGF和CTGF表达和定位。结果随着CCl4诱导大鼠肝硬化的形成,肝组织VEGF和CTGF的表达增加,与肝硬化模型对照组（安慰剂）比较,选择性COX-2抑制剂罗非昔布能显著降低肝脏VEGF和CTGF蛋白表达水平,而PGE1对VEGF无影响,CTGF显著降低。结论肝纤维化形成过程中,肝组织VEGF和CTGF的表达增加,选择性COX-2抑制罗非昔布能在体内抑制肝组织CTGF和VEGF的表达,这可能是罗非昔布抗肝纤维化的分子机制。     

百草枯中毒大鼠的肝损伤及抗氧化药物对其保护作用

目的 研究百草枯（PQ）对肝脏的损伤作用及其机制,并用抗氧化药物N乙酰半胱氨酸（NAC）和谷胱甘肽（GSH）干预,观察药物对PQ中毒大鼠的肝脏保护作用并探讨药物作用机制。方法33只清洁级SD大鼠随机分为4组：PQ单纯染毒组、NAC防治组、GSH防治组和正常对照组。单纯染毒组一次性灌胃给予PQ100mg／kg染毒;防治组分别于染毒前半小时、染毒后半小时及持续7d内同一时间分别腹腔注射NAC150mg／kg、GSH100mg／kg。各组在染毒后第1、3、7天采血取样,俭测血浆及肝组织匀浆中的ALT、AST水平及SOD活力、GSH—Px活力和MDA含量。结果PQ染毒后第1天各组大鼠血浆及肝组织匀浆中的AI．T、AST水平及MDA含量较正常对照组明显升高（P〈0．05）,而防治组明显低于单纯染毒绍（P〈0．05）;各组大鼠血浆及肝匀浆SOD及GSH—Px活力均较正常对照组下降（P〈0．05）,但防治组明显高于单纯染毒组（P〈0．05）。实验结束时防治组血浆及肝匀浆中ALT、AST水平和MDA含量明显低于单纯染毒组（P＜0．05）,SOD活力、GSH—Px活力防治组明显高于单纯染毒组（P〈0．05）,部分指标NAC组优于GSH组（P〈0．05）。结论氧应激在PQ致大鼠肝损伤中发挥重要作用,NAC和GSH对改善PQ中毒患者肝细胞抗氧化能力有积极作用。     

橙皮苷对扑热息痛和四氯化碳所致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨橙皮苷（HDN）对扑热息痛（APAP）和四氯化碳（CCl4）所致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用.方法 将50只小鼠随机分为正常组、APAP组、CCl4组、HDN＋APAP组、HDN＋CCl4组,每组各10只.HDN＋APAP组和HDN＋ CCl4组首先均给予HDN悬浊液500 mg/kg灌胃,其他各组分别给予同体积的0.5％羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC-Na）溶液灌胃,均1次/d,连续10 d.末次给药2h后,APAP组和HDN＋ APAP组腹腔注射APAP 175mg/kg,CCI4组和HDN＋ CCl4组腹腔注射0.4％ CCl40.1 mL/10 g制备急性肝损伤模型;正常组腹腔注射同体积0.5％ CMC-Na溶液.制模16 h后处死各组大鼠,测定血清ALT、AST、LDH水平,光镜下观察肝组织病理组织学变化.结果 HDN＋APAP组、HDN＋CCl4组血清ALT、AST、LDH水平低于APAP组及CCl4组（P＜0.05或0.01）,肝组织病理损伤程度亦轻于APAP组、CCl4组.结论 HDN对APAP和CCl4导致的急性肝损伤均具有一定的保护作用.     

白藜芦醇对2型糖尿病大鼠血糖及抗氧化酶活力的影响

目的观察白藜芦醇（Res）对T2DM大鼠血糖及抗氧化酶活力的影响。方法采用随机数字表法将50只健康Wistar大鼠分为正常对照组（NC,10只）,给予基础饲料喂养。余40只使用STZ腹腔注射制备T2DM模型,后将大鼠随机分为模型（T2DM）组、Res低剂量（50mg／kg,L）组及高剂量（100mg／kg,H）组,每组10只。予高糖高脂饲料喂养8周后测定FPG、Fins、HbAtC、血清超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH—Px）活力和丙二醛（MDA）含量。结果与T2DM组相比,H组和L组FPG、Fins、HbA1c下降,血清SOD活性、GSH—Px活力上升,MDA含量降低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论Res可改善糖尿病大鼠的抗氧化能力,抑制脂质过氧化,降低血糖。     

葡萄籽原花青素提取物预灌胃对造影剂诱导糖尿病大鼠急性肾损伤的预防作用观察

目的 观察葡萄籽原花青素提取物预灌胃对造影剂诱导糖尿病大鼠急性肾损伤的预防作用,并探讨可能作用机制。方法 50只SD肥胖大鼠,腹腔注射1%链脲佐菌素（40 mg/kg）,41只成功建成糖尿病大鼠模型,随机分为DM组8只、CM组9只、葡萄籽原花青素提取物低剂量组8只、中剂量组8只、高剂量组8只,另取10只肥胖大鼠为空白对照组（NC组）,1 mL/kg腹腔注射柠檬酸缓冲液;低、中、高剂量组大鼠每日分别用50、250、500 mg/kg的葡萄籽原花青素提取物灌胃1次,连续3天,第3天灌胃24 h时尾静脉注射碘海醇（1.8 g I/kg）;NC组、DM组、CM组大鼠每日用10 mL/kg生理盐水灌胃1次,第3天灌胃24 h时,NC组、DM组尾静脉注射5 ml/kg生理盐水;CM组尾静脉注射碘海醇（1.8 g I/kg）。末次给药48 h时各组大鼠断尾采血,检测血清肌酐（SCr）和尿素氮（BUN）,采血后处死各组大鼠,取肾组织检测肾组织氧化应激指标超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）,采用原位缺口末端标记法测算各组大鼠肾小管上皮细胞凋亡指数,采用Western Blotting法检测各组大...     

尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物途径在大鼠酒精性肝纤维化形成中的作用

目的 通过观察尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物(uPA)及其抑制物(PAI-1)在大鼠酒精性肝纤维化形成中的动态变化,探讨uPA纤溶途径在酒精性肝纤维化形成中的作用.方法 雄性SD大鼠随机分为空白组、四氯化碳(CCl4)组和造模组.采用56度二锅头酒、玉米油、吡唑混合物灌胃联合腹腔注射CCl4橄榄油溶液(CCl4∶橄榄油=1∶3...     

虎杖苷对非酒精性脂肪性肝病胰岛素抵抗及氧化应激影响的实验研究

[目的]研究虎杖苷治疗对非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）胰岛素抵抗（IR）及氧化应激的影响。[方法]健康雄性SD大鼠47只,随机分为5组：正常组（10只）、模型组（10只）、虎杖苷大剂量组（9只）、虎杖苷小剂量组（9只）和双环醇组（9只）。正常组予标准饲料,其他4组给予高脂饲料造模;5组共喂养10周后,从正常组与模型组中各随机挑选1只大鼠,取肝脏做病理切片,证实大鼠NAFLD模型的形成。正常组与模型组予以0．9％氯化钠灌胃,5ml／次;虎杖苷大、小剂量组分别以200mg／（kg·d）、100mg／（kg·d）的虎杖苷混悬液灌胃;双环醇组以100mg／（kg·d）的双环醇混悬液灌胃。给药4周,期间各组大鼠统一用标准饲料饲养。次日大鼠禁食12h后,腹腔麻醉,抽取腹主动脉血5ml,分离血清,检测大鼠血清中氧化应激因子丙二醛（MDA）、总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）、羟自由基（-OH）、谷胱甘肽一孓转移酶（GST）水平及血清总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）水平;试剂盒检测空腹血糖、胰岛素水平,计算IR指数（IRI）和胰岛素敏感指数;ELISA法检测大鼠血清肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平。[结果]高脂饮食饲养10周后,模型组大鼠血清-OH、MDA、TNF-α较正常组均显著增高（P〈0．05～〈0．01）,GST、T-SOD、T-AOC活性降低（P〈0．01）,与模型组相比,虎杖苷治疗后,-OH、MDA、TNF-α浓度降低（P〈0．05〈0．01）,而T-SOD及T-AOC的活性恢复（P〈0．05～〈0．01）,IR明显改善（P〈0．05～〈0．01）。[结论]IR和氧化应激关系密切,氧化应激是发生IR的重要原因之一,虎杖苷的抗氧化应激效应是改善IR的部分机制。     

Effect of extra virgin olive oil on experimental thrombosis and primary hemostasis in rats

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Olive oil is a particular source of fat in the Mediterranean diet, which is associated with a lower incidence of cardiovascular disease. We investigated the possible antithrombotic role of extra virgin olive oil as a single dietary modification in experimental thrombosis and primary hemostasis models in rats. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two different groups of animals were studied: one fed a usual diet (control group) and the other a diet enriched with extra virgin olive oil (3%; weight/weight). After six weeks feeding, arterial thrombosis was initiated by inserting an artificial prosthesis (or "aortic loop") into the aorta, and venous thrombosis was induced by ligating the inferior vena cava. "Template" bleeding time (BT) was measured, as well as factor VII coagulant activity (FVII:C) and fibrinogen levels. The animals fed the olive oil enriched diet showed a significant delay in the thrombotic occlusion of the "aortic loop" (99 +/- 5 h vs 82 +/- 5 h, p < 0.04), a lower incidence of venous thrombosis (57% vs 86%; p < 0.05) and a prolonged BT (154 +/- 7 sec vs 122 +/- 4 sec; p < 0.01) in comparison with the control group. They had lower plasma fibrinogen concentrations (209 +/- 5 mg/dL vs 233 +/- 4 mg/dL; p < 0.01) but similar FVII:C levels (119 +/- 5% vs 108 +/- 5%; p = NS) despite their lower triglyceride concentrations (52 +/- 5 mg/dL vs 79 +/- 10 mg/dL; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first in vivo experimental evidence of the thrombosis prevention properties of olive oil, which are possibly mediated by reduced fibrinogen concentrations and impaired platelet/vessel wall interactions.     

Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of Ginkgo biloba phytosomes in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in rodents.

AIM: The protective effects of Ginkgo biloba phytosomes (GBP) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity and the probable mechanism(s) involved in this protection were investigated in rats. METHODS: Liver damage was induced in Wistar rats by administering a 1:1 (v/v) mixture of CCl4 and olive oil (1 ml/kg, i.p.) once daily for 7 days. GBP at 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg, i.p. and reference drug silymarin (200 mg/kg, p.o.) were administered for 10 days to CCl4-treated rats, this treatment beginning 3 days prior to the commencement of CCl4 administration. The degree of protection was evaluated by determining the marker enzymes (SGOT, SGPT and SALP), albumin (Alb) and total proteins (TP). Further, the effects of GBP on lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione reductase (GR) were estimated in liver homogenates to evaluate antioxidant activity. RESULTS: GBP (25 and 50 mg/kg) and silymarin elicited significant hepatoprotective activity by decreasing the activities of serum marker enzymes and lipid peroxidation and elevated the levels of GSH, SOD, CAT, GPX, GR, Alb and TP in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: The present findings indicate that the hepatoprotective effects of GBP against CCl4-induced oxidative damage may be due to its antioxidant and free radical-scavenging activity.     

Effects of two types of fish oil supplements on serum lipids and plasma phospholipid fatty acids in coronary artery disease

Fish oil has consistently been shown to lower triglyceride levels, but its effects on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol remain controversial. The current study compares the long-term effects of 2 different fish oil preparations (ethyl ester and triglyceride) versus olive oil in patients with coronary artery disease. Eighty-nine subjects were randomly assigned to receive capsules containing 6 g/day (triglyceride group) or 7 g/day (ethyl ester group) of n-3 fatty acids, or capsules containing 12 g/day of olive oil for 6 months. Mean triglyceride levels decreased by 28% in the ester and 32% in the triglyceride fish oil groups (p less than 0.05 for both). LDL cholesterol levels increased by 3% (difference not significant) in the ester and 12% (p less than 0.05) in the triglyceride fish oil groups; in hypertriglyceridemic subjects the increase was 23% (p less than 0.01) and 14% (difference not significant), respectively. Plasma phospholipid fatty acid analysis showed a fivefold increase in eicosapentaenoic acid levels in both fish oil groups (p less than 0.001), and a long-term decrease in arachidonic acid levels (p less than 0.001). Achieved eicosapentaenoic acid level correlated with the degree of increase in LDL cholesterol (r = 0.38, p less than 0.05). These data suggest that fish oil administration is associated with an increase in LDL cholesterol levels in a diverse group of patients with coronary artery disease; this change appears to be correlated with n-3 fatty acid absorption. The impact of this increase in LDL is unknown, but should be considered as potentially adverse.     

Efficacy of fish oil concentrate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of fish oil derived (n-3) fatty acid supplementation (3-6 capsules/day) in subjects with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) whose (n-6) fatty acid intake in the background diet was < 10 g/day, compared to olive/corn oil capsule supplement over a 15 week period. METHODS: A placebo controlled, double blind, randomized 15 week study to determine the effect of supplementation on clinical variables in 50 subjects with RA whose background diet was naturally low in (n-6) fatty acids. Fish oil containing 60% (n-3) fatty acids was supplemented at a rate of 40 mg/kg body weight. RESULTS: Analysis of 9 clinical variables indicated there was a significant difference (p < 0.02) between control and treatment groups. Five subjects in the treatment group and 3 in the control group met the American College of Rheumatology 20% improvement criteria. Dietary supplementation resulted in a significant increase in eicosapentaenoic acid in plasma and monocyte lipids in the supplemented group. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that fish oil supplementation that delivers (n-3) fatty acids at a dose of 40 mg/kg body weight/day, with dietary (n-6) fatty acid intake < 10 g/day in the background diet, results in substantial cellular incorporation of (n-3) fatty acids and improvements in clinical status in patients with RA.     

Sitagliptin promotes macrophage-to-faeces reverse cholesterol transport through reduced intestinal cholesterol absorption in obese insulin resistant CETP-apoB100 transgenic mice

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) improve glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes, but their benefits on reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) remain unknown. We evaluated the effects of DPP-4i sitagliptin 500 mg/kg/day on RCT in obese insulin-resistant CETP-apoB100 transgenic mice. Metformin 300 mg/kg/day orally was used as a reference compound. Both metformin and sitagliptin showed the expected effects on glucose parameters. Although no significant effect was observed on total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels, sitagliptin, but not metformin, increased faecal cholesterol mass excretion by 132% (p < 0.001 vs. vehicle), suggesting a potent effect on cholesterol metabolism. Mice were then injected i.p. with (3) H-cholesterol labelled macrophages to measure RCT over 48 h. Compared with vehicle, sitagliptin significantly increased macrophage-derived (3) H-cholesterol faecal excretion by 39%. Administration of (14) C-cholesterol labelled olive oil orally showed a significant reduction of (14) C-tracer plasma appearance over time with sitagliptin, indicating that this drug promotes RCT through reduced intestinal cholesterol absorption.     

Effects of Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae) on indomethacin-induced ulcer model in rats.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Fruits of Momordica charantia L.-cucurbitaceae have been frequently used in folk medicine for rapid healing of cutaneous lesions and peptic ulcer, especially in Western Anatolia in Turkey. METHODS: The anti-ulcerogenic effect of the oily extract of Momordica charantia fruits was investigated in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were separated into six groups. Distilled water (control group), famotidine (40 mg/kg), oily extracts (5 and 10 ml/kg), and vehicles (olive oil -5 and 10 ml/kg) were given orally (gavage). Thirty minutes later indomethacin (25 mg/kg) was administrated to all the groups. Six hours later, animals were killed with decapitation. For each stomach, ulcerated and total areas were measured (mm2). The ulcer indexes for each stomach and the ulcer inhibition rates for each group were calculated, after which the stomachs were evaluated pathologically (polymorphonuclear leukocytes infiltration). RESULTS: Ulcer inhibition rates were as follows: famotidine -91.54%, oily extract (5 ml/kg) -53.80%, oily extract (10 ml/kg) -98.04%, vehicle (olive oil -5 ml/kg) -18.40%, and vehicle (olive oil -10 ml/kg) -88.02%. According to polymorphonuclear leukocytes infiltration, oily extract (10 ml/kg) and vehicle (10 ml/kg) had similar effects to famotidine. CONCLUSIONS: The olive oil extract of M. charantia fruit did show a protective effect macroscopically.     

Determinants of restenosis and lack of effect of dietary supplementation with eicosapentaenoic acid on the incidence of coronary artery restenosis after angioplasty

The effect of an eicosapentaenoic acid-rich encapsulated preparation of fish oil on the incidence of early restenosis after coronary angioplasty was assessed by a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. A total of 108 patients received either 10 capsules of fish oil (1.8 g eicosapentaenoic acid, 1.2 g docosahexaenoic acid) or 10 control capsules (50% olive oil, 50% corn oil), commencing the day before angioplasty and continuing for 4 months after angioplasty, in addition to treatment with aspirin and verapamil. In 101 (94%) of the 108 patients, follow-up angiographic or postmortem result was evaluated at a mean (+/- SD) of 100 (+/- 22) days. Angiographic restenosis was observed in 34% of patients (29% of lesions) in the fish oil-treated group and 33% of patients (31% of lesions) in the control group (no significant difference). The overall incidence of angiographic restenosis was significantly higher in patients with 1) recurrent angina pectoris, 2) a positive exercise test at follow-up after angioplasty, 3) residual stenosis greater than 30% immediately after angioplasty, and 4) dilation of the left anterior descending or right coronary artery. Biochemical investigations showed a greater decrease in the serum triglyceride levels in the fish oil-treated group versus the control group (p less than 0.05) but no differences between the two groups in cholesterol levels or platelet counts over the 4 month period. In conclusion, in this study, the administration of fish oil at a dose of 10 capsules/day did not reduce the incidence of early restenosis after coronary angioplasty.     

Monounsaturated fat decreases hepatic lipid content in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats

AIM： To evaluate the effects of different types of dietary fats on the hepatic lipid content and oxidative stress parameters in rat liver with experimental non-alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD）. METHODS： A total of 32 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups. The rats in the control group （n = 8） were on chow diet （Group 1）, rats （n = 6） on methionine choline-deficient diet （MCDD） （Group 2）, rats （n = 6） on MCDD enriched with olive oil （Group 3）, rats （n = 6） on MCDD with fish oil （Group 4） and rats （n = 6） on MCDD with butter fat （Group 5）. After 2 mo, blood and liver sections were examined for lipids composition and oxidative stress parameters.
RESULTS： The liver weight/rat weight ratio increased in all treatment groups as compared with the control group. Severe fatty liver was seen in MCDD ＋ fish oil and in MCDD ＋ butter fat groups, but not in MCDD and MCDD ＋ olive oil groups. The increase in hepatic triglycerides （TG） levels was blunted by 30% in MCDD ＋ olive oil group （0.59 ±0.09） compared with MCDD group （0.85 ±0.04, P 〈 0.004）, by 37% compared with MCDD ＋ fish oil group （0.95 ±0.07, P 〈 0.001）, and by 33% compared with MCDD ＋ butter group （0.09 ±0.1, P 〈 0.01）. The increase in serum TG was lowered by 10% in MCDD ＋ olive oil group （0.9 ±0.07） compared with MCDD group （1.05 ±0.06）. Hepatic cholesterol increased by 15-fold in MCDD group [（0.08 ±0.02, this increment was blunted by 21% in MCDD ＋ fish oil group （0.09 ±0.02）]. In comparison with the control group, ratio of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids omega-6/omega-3 increased in MCDD ＋ olive oil, MCDD ＋ fish oil and MCDD ＋ butter fat groups by 345-, 30- and 397-fold, respectively. In comparison to MCDD group （1.58 ±0.08）, hepatic MDA contents in MCDD ＋ olive oil （3.3 ±0.6）, MCDD ＋ fish oil （3.0 ±0.4）, and MCDD ＋ butter group （2.9 ±0.36） were increased by 108%, 91% and 87%, respecti     

The postprandial effect of components of the Mediterranean diet on endothelial function

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the postprandial effect of components of the Mediterranean diet on endothelial function, which may be an atherogenic factor. BACKGROUND: The Mediterranean diet, containing olive oil, pasta, fruits, vegetables, fish, and wine, is associated with an unexpectedly low rate of cardiovascular events. The Lyon Diet Heart Study found that a Mediterranean diet, which substituted omega-3-fatty-acid-enriched canola oil for the traditionally consumed omega-9 fatty-acid-rich olive oil, reduced cardiovascular events. METHODS: We fed 10 healthy, normolipidemic subjects five meals containing 900 kcal and 50 g fat. Three meals contained different fat sources: olive oil, canola oil, and salmon. Two olive oil meals also contained antioxidant vitamins (C and E) or foods (balsamic vinegar and salad). We measured serum lipoproteins and glucose and brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), an index of endothelial function, before and 3 h after each meal. RESULTS: All five meals significantly raised serum triglycerides, but did not change other lipoproteins or glucose 3 h postprandially. The olive oil meal reduced FMD 31% (14.3 +/- 4.2% to 9.9 +/- 4.5%, p = 0.008). An inverse correlation was observed between postprandial changes in serum triglycerides and FMD (r = -0.47, p < 0.05). The remaining four meals did not significantly reduce FMD. CONCLUSIONS: In terms of their postprandial effect on endothelial function, the beneficial components of the Mediterranean and Lyon Diet Heart Study diets appear to be antioxidant-rich foods, including vegetables, fruits, and their derivatives such as vinegar, and omega-3-rich fish and canola oils.