莫把"适应证"和"禁忌证"误用为"适应症"和"禁忌症"

“适应症”和“禁忌证”是医涫上刊和药品说明书中常用的词语，然而常误用为“适应症”和“禁忌症”，我国最权威的文字工具书《辞海》（1989年版）是这样注释的；     

胰岛β细胞的"糖毒性"、"脂毒性"与"糖脂毒性"

"糖毒性"、"脂毒性"或"糖脂毒性"是在遗传因素和环境因素共同作用下2型糖尿病原发病理机制启动后的继发现象.现对此持有两种观点:(1)脂代谢异常开始早于血糖的升高,可能为糖尿病的始动因素,故提议将糖尿病改为"糖脂病";(2)高血糖是发生脂毒性的先决条件,若无高血糖,脂毒性也难以发生.对此病理现象之认识似可表述为:(1)糖毒性和脂毒性两者可单独或同时存在,前者使后者加重;(2)两者的联合毒性是2型糖尿病患者β细胞功能进行性衰退的重要机制.     

"新世界"教我"成医"

我患糖尿病已经十多年了,常言说“久病成医”,我并非如此,常在病魔面前不知所措,可以说是糖尿病盲。由于缺乏综合治疗,我的病日趋严重,到2006年8月住进了医院。在住院治疗中,     

HBV感染"新型"生物标志物的"前世今生"

慢性乙型肝炎抗病毒治疗的目标是最大限度的长期抑制HBV复制,减轻肝细胞炎症及肝纤维化,延缓和减少肝衰竭、肝硬化失代偿、肝细胞癌及其他并发症的发生。目前可能用于临床抗病毒疗效评价的生物学标志物除了应用时间较长的血清HBV DNA外,近年来肝细胞内的HBV cccDNA、血清乙型肝炎核心相关抗原定量、血清HBV RNA定量、血清HBsAg定量和血清抗-HBc定量等"新型"生物标志物的临床价值也逐步得到广泛关注,特别是在监测与评价抗病毒疗效、预测停药后病毒反弹风险以及预测肝癌发生风险等方面具有重要的临床意义。     

刨根问底话"瘀血"

看过中医的病友们恐怕都听说过“活血化瘀”这个词，其实这是中医的一种特殊疗法。究竟瘀血和糖尿病有什么关系？瘀血的真正含义是什么？本期栏目我们请到了中日友好医院中医糖尿病科的徐远主任，为我们揭开“活血化瘀”疗法的神秘面纱。     

Instead of "plethysmography": "kenoseography" and "plesmonegraphy"

The recording of volume changes in health and disease has from old been designated as "Plethysmography". This was supposed to be a correct term for the recording (graphein) of an increase in volume (plethysmos). The present paper shows that the choice of this term was not felicitous, and suggests an alternative. The first "plethysmographic" recordings are ascribed to Glisson (1622) and Swammerdam (1737). Since Glisson and Swammerdam did, in fact, record the volume of muscle to be constant on contraction, their measurements should probably have been referred to as "isography". This, however, is merely a historical matter. Presently venous outflow measurement is a common procedure to establish the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis. Venous outflow is determined by recording the decrease in volume of a limb which occurs after release of a congestion cuff. As this is quite the opposite of what is meant by "Plethysmography", another indication is needed for this examination. It appears that a suitable alternative can be taken from ancient Greek medical literature.     

对《AMH》及《答复》的再商榷

编辑部 :感谢贵刊全文刊登了本人对“抗苗氏管激素与生长激素缺乏伴低促性腺激素睾丸发育不良症的关系” (以下简称《ＡＭＨ》) 〔1〕一文的商榷 (以下简称《商榷》) 〔2〕,以及《ＡＭＨ》作者的答复 (以下简称《答复》) 〔3〕。在仔细阅读了《答复》之后 ,感到由于本人在《商榷》中写得过于简单而引起作者的一系列误解和忽略了《商榷》一文中几个核心问题。因此 ,想再借贵刊一角澄清问题的所在及阐明应该采用的治疗方案的理由 ,以便同《ＡＭＨ》作者进一步商榷及供广大读者参考。在《商榷》一文中提出的核心问题是 :(1 )“不需给外源Ｔ” ,…     

Copper and zinc levels in "healthy" and "sick" elderly

Healthy elderly as a group have a wider range for serum copper, ceruloplasmin, and serum zinc than the adjusted ranges for the laboratory. In disease serum copper and/or ceruloplasmin act as acute-phase reactants in vascular disease, inflammation, and malignancy. Serum zinc values likewise are affected by the presence of inflammation and malignancy. The reported low level of copper in patients with osteoporosis was not confirmed by the present study. Neither was there any evidence found for zinc deficiency in patients with dementia.     

"Big" and "little" forms of plaice vitellogenic and maturational hormones

A gonadotropin, which was not absorbed on Con A-Sepharose and therefore either nonglycoprotein in nature or characterized by a low carbohydrate content or lacking in the appropriate sugars requisite for binding to Con A, had been prepared from plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides) pituitaries. Filtration through Ultrogel and subsequent chromatography on either Bio-Gel or Ultrogel permit the isolation of two forms with molecular weights of 28,000 and 62,000, respectively. Both molecular species were active in stimulating ovarian growth and vitellogenesis as indicated by their ability to elevate the gonadosomatic index, the ovarian uptake of ${}^{33}\text{PO}{}_4$^3? and $\text{[}{}^3\text{H]}$leucine, and the incorporation of the radiolabels into the protein and phosphoprotein fractions of the ovary of the hypophysectomized winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus), but neither exerted any effect on the processes of oocyte maturation and ovulation. Another plaice gonadotropin, which was potent in stimulating the processes of oocyte maturation and ovulation in the hypophysectomized winter flounder and which also existed in two forms with molecular weights of 28,000 and 62,000, could be isolated from the glycoprotein fraction of the pituitary extract with similar chromatographic procedures. The 28,000 MW gonadotropins manifested a strong tendency to undergo aggregation leading to the formation of the 62,000 MW species in buffer containing low concentrations of EDTA. The phenomenon of assocation could be prevented by the inclusion of a high concentration (10 mM) of EDTA in the elution buffer. High concentrations of sodium chloride and dithiothreitol in the buffer appeared to be less effective in minimizing aggregation. The relative magnitudes of the molecular weights and the comparable biological activities of the two forms are indicative of a monomer-dimer relationship. The winter flounder pituitary also secretes hormones similar in chromatographic behavior to those of the plaice. The presence of two distinct types of biological activities in two chromatographically discrete fractions of the Hippoglossoides platessoides pituitary extract, when tested in a closely related species Pseudopleuronectes americanus after hypophysectomy, constitutes the first unequivocal evidence based on both biochemical and physiological criteria for the existence of separate gonadotropins controlling vitellogenesis and maturation in a teleost.