优化急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者院内救护流程的效果分析

目的:探讨优化院内救护流程对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者救护效果的影响。方法:将2016年7月至2017年11月,在昆明医科大学第三附属医院接受救护的147例STEMI患者分为优化组75例和对照组72例。对照组采用传统救护流程,优化组采用优化院内救护流程,比较两组患者的各环节救护时间、心功能情况、病死率及满意度。结果:与对照组比较,优化组患者的病情评估时间、初步抢救时间、导管室启动时间、D2B时间、住院时间明显缩短(P0.05),LVEF水平和救护满意度明显升高(P0.05),以及死亡率明显降低(P0.05)。结论:STEMI救护流程优化可有效提高STEMI患者的抢救效率,使服务质量得到显著提升。     

微信一键启动导管室在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死救治流程中的应用

目的:探讨微信一键启动导管室的模式,在急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死(STEMI)患者救治流程中的应用效果。方法:围绕新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院胸痛中心,建立乌鲁木齐市120急救系统及乌鲁木齐周边地区、邻近的不具备急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PPCI)能力的医疗机构等参与的胸痛中心微信群,通过微信平台实现院前心电图等资料传输及早期诊断,将STEMI患者直接转运至我院导管室行PPCI。回顾性分析2016年1月至2017年6月,在我院行PPCI的STEMI患者的病历资料318例,按是否微信启动导管室分为常规流程组和微信启动组,记录两组患者一般资料,入门-球囊扩张(D2B)时间及达标率、首次医疗接触-球囊扩张(FMC2B)时间及达标率,住院时间、住院费用、住院期间死亡率,梗死罪犯血管以及合并急性左心衰、恶性心律失常、心源性休克和使用主动脉内球囊反搏泵(IABP)辅助等临床资料,比较两组临床数据差异并进行分析。结果:101例为微信启动组,217例为常规流程组,两组患者基线资料差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05),微信启动组D2B时间[40(27,55)vs. 88(68,121)min,P<0.001]和FMC2B时间[67(55,82)vs. 117(92,150)min,P<0.001]均较常规流程组显著缩短,D2B时间达标率[94(93.1%)vs. 117(50.7%),P<0.001]和FMC2B时间达标率[82(81.2%)vs. 50(23%),P<0.001]均高于常规流程组,微信启动组住院期间死亡率显著降低[3(3%)vs. 20(9.2%),P=0.045],住院时间显著缩短[(7.3±3.1)vs.(8.8±3.9)d,P=0.012],住院费用显著减少[(4.5±1.3)vs.(5.6±1.8)万元,P=0.037],合并急性左心衰竭[5(5%)vs. 28(12.9%),P=0.03]、心源性休克[5(5%)vs. 31(14.3%),P=0.014]以及使用IABP辅助[11(10.9%)vs. 46(21.2%),P=0.016]均显著减少,差异具有统计学意义,两组梗死罪犯血管及合并恶性心律失常相比较,差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论:以胸痛中心为依托,利用微信一键启动导管室的模式,优化了STEMI患者再灌注治疗的流程,缩短了总救治时间,改善了患者的预后,提高了救治效率,适合进行区域推广。     

急救流程优化对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者首次医疗接触至球囊扩张时间分析

目的：探讨优化急救流程对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者首次医疗接触至球囊扩张(FMC B)时间的作用和影响。方法：回顾性分析90例STEMI患者的临床资料,实施优化流程前45例为对照组,实施优化流程后45例为研究组。将2组院前完成心电图检查情况、院前明确诊断情况、院前及院内启动介入团队情况、医疗接触至到达医院(FMC D)时间、入门至球囊扩张(D B)时间、首次医疗接触至球囊扩张(FMC B)时间进行对比。结果：2组院内启动介入团队情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在院前完成心电图检查、院前明确诊断及院前启动介入准备方面,研究组显著超过对照组（88.89% vs 33.33%;64.44% vs 24.44%;40.00% vs 0.00%,均P＜0.05)。2组患者FMC D时间相对接近,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与对照组比较,研究组D B时间、FMC B时间、住院时间更短,腹胀、便秘、腰酸背痛等并发症发生率更低(均P<0.05)。结论：优化急救流程可有效缩短急性STEMI患者FMC B时间,值得推广。     

基于物联网技术的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死急救模式的临床应用

目的 探讨基于物联网技术的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)急救模式的临床应用价值。方法 选取2016年1月至2017年12月罗定市人民医院收治的STEMI患者480例,均行经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)治疗。按照入院时间顺序将患者分为两组;以2017年1月至2017年12月入选的STEMI患者240例为观察组,实施基于物联网技术的STEMI急救模式;以2016年1月至2016年12月入选的STEMI患者240例为对照组,采取常规急救方式进行急救。观察两组再灌注治疗情况,包括90 min内直接PCI率、就诊-心电图(ECG)时间、入院-导管球囊扩张时间(D2B)、PCI成功率,比较院内主要并发症发生率及住院时间、住院费用,并分析随访6个月内主要不良心血管事件(MACE)发生率和随访2年死亡率。结果 观察组90 min内直接PCI率显著高于对照组(χ2=153.047,P 0.01),就诊-ECG时间、D2B时间均显著短于对照组(χ2/Z=4.737、10.608,P 0.05)。观察组PCI成功率、院内主要并发症发生率较对照组比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.079、1.039,P 0.05)。观察组住院时间显著短于对照组(t=8.710,P 0.01),住院费用显著低于对照组(t=4.993,P 0.01)。观察组随访6个月内MACE发生率显著低于对照组(χ2=25.013,P 0.01),且随访2年死亡率显著低于对照组(χ2=4.282,P 0.05)。结论对行PCI的STEMI患者实施基于物联网技术的STEMI急救模式,能缩短救治时间,减少MACE发生风险,提高救治成功率,降低住院费用,改善患者预后。     

胸痛中心标准化流程在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者救治中的建设

目的通过胸痛中心标准化流程建设,推动急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)的规范化诊治,提高急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(ST-segment elevationmyocardial infarction,STEMI)患者的救治效率。方法采用回顾性研究的方法,将胸痛中心成立后标准化流程建设初期(试运行阶段)收治的STEMI患者设为对照组(n=70),标准化流程建设后期(流程完善阶段)收治的STEMI患者作为观察组(n=75),对比两组绕行急诊科和心内科冠心病监护病房(CCU)的例数、导管室启动时间、门-导管室(D-to-C)时间和患者进门-球囊扩张(D-to-B)时间。结果两组患者院内死亡率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组在进门至导管室时间、球囊扩张(D2B)时间,首份心电图采集时间、肌钙蛋白获得时间均明显短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组D2B90min的达标率分别为97.33%,明显高于对照组的71.43%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论胸痛中心标准化流程建设及完善,能促进本区域范围内医疗资源的合理利用,提高STEMI患者呼叫120院前急救系统就诊的意识,提高急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术的比例,缩短D2B时间,显著改善治疗效果。     

区域化网络协同救治优化急性ST段抬高心肌梗死早期再灌注治疗

目的探讨首诊于基层医院的急性sT段抬高心肌梗死（STEMI）患者早期再灌注的最佳方案，如何避免再灌注延迟、缩短STEMI再灌注时间、改善患者近远期预后。方法东营市部分二甲医院、社区卫生服务站与东营市人民医院形成“三位一体”立体式急救网络，对网络内医师实施长期、持续技术业务指导，结合实际情况制定STEMI救治流程，优化早期再灌注治疗，早期启动导管室，绕行急诊，无缝隙对接及优化介入治疗围术期药物治疗。2010年3月至2012年4月东营市人民医院救治的急性STEMI患者192例，根据是否“区域化网络救治”，分为非区域化救治组68例和区域化救治组124例，两组间比较发病一首次医疗接触时间（FMC）、FMC—N（溶栓时间）、FMC-B（首次球囊扩张时间）、住院时间、费用、随访1个月及6个月再发心肌梗死、心源性死亡、心功能、卒中、心肌标志物氨基末端B型脑钠肽前体（NT—proBNP）及术后患者服药依从性情况等。结果两组FMC[42（20，60）min比70（30，90）min，P=0．029]、FMC—N溶栓时间[35（12，50）min比67（39，95）min，P=0．020]、FMC—B时间[90（45，130）min比120（68，188）min，P=0．026]、知情同意沟通到导管室时间[30（15，50）min比70（30，104）min，P=0．010]及FMC后治疗药物（氯吡格雷、阿司匹林及替罗非班）应用、住院时间[（6．0±2．5）d比（10．2±3．5）d，P〈0．05]及住院费用[（47688±1542）元比（55392±1377）元，P〈0．05]比较，差异有统计学意义。1个月随访显示，两组之间差异无统计学意义；6个月随访显示，区域化救治组氯吡格雷（87．1％比51．5％，P〈0．05）、他汀类药物（82．3％比44．1％，P〈0．05）服用率明显高于与非区域化救治组。两组阿司匹林使用率差异无统计学意义。区域化救治组LVEF〈40％发生率（7．3％比29．4％，P〈0．05）、再次心肌梗死发生率（4．8％比25．O％，P〈0．05）及心源性猝死发生率（2．4％比11．8％，P〈0．05）明显低于非区域化救治组。结论区域化网络救治模式提高了基层医院STEMI早期就诊率，能够让大医院的优势资源持久、随时为基层医院所利用，从而有效地提高基层医院的医疗水平及救治水平。本模式对STEMI的救治可明显缩短再灌注时间、优化再灌注治疗、改善预后，是当今国情下一种全新的救治模式，解决了当前在STEMI救治方面困扰医学界的延迟问题。     

精细化管理在急性胸痛患者急诊救治中的应用

目的观察精细化管理在急性胸痛患者急诊救治过程中的应用效果。方法选取2016-01～2016-12该院急诊科收治并接受常规管理的2 075例急性胸痛患者为对照组;选取2017-01～2017-12该院急诊科收治并接受精细化管理的2 146例急性胸痛患者为观察组。观察组在急诊救治过程中的分诊评估、抢救处置、急诊观察等流程实施精细化管理,将各流程中的每一环节进一步做精做细,对时间节点进行环节管控。对两组护理质量进行评估,并对患者急诊治疗相关指标进行比较。结果观察组从首次医疗接触到完成首份心电图的月平均时间、床旁肌钙蛋白检测从抽血到获得结果的月平均时间、急性ST抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者的分诊评估时间、急诊接诊时间均短于对照组(P0.05),STEMI患者急诊分诊准确率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在对急性胸痛患者急诊救治过程中实施精细化管理,可提高急性胸痛患者急诊救治的工作效率及工作质量,从而缩短胸痛患者的救治时间。     

优化急诊救治流程提高急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者救治效果临床分析

目的探讨将优化急诊救治流程运用于急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者救治中的效果。方法将2017年1～12月救治的STEMI患者32例设为对照组,将2018年1～12月救治的STEMI患者32例设为观察组,对照组患者采用常规救治流程救治,观察组患者采用优化急诊救治流程救治。比较两组患者的急诊救治情况及救治效果。结果观察组患者分诊评估时间、心电图时间、心电图-导管室时间、住院时间均显著短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组患者心力衰竭、心律失常、死亡的发生率均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论优化急诊救治流程能显著缩短STEMI患者的救治时间,提高救治成功率,减少患者并发症的发生,改善患者预后。     

胸痛中心对ST段抬高型心肌梗死急诊介入治疗的影响

目的 通过对ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)急诊PCI患者的发病-首次医疗接触(FMC)、百次医疗接触-球囊扩张(FMC2B)和入门-球囊扩张(D2B)的观察以及不同来院方式对救治时间的影响,探讨胸痛中心运作对STEMI患者急诊PCI的影响.方法 选择435例STEMI急诊PCI患者,通过胸痛中心运作和流程的改进,观察胸痛中心运作对缩短发病-FMC、FMC2B和D2B时间作用.结果 STEMI患者发病-FMC 2010、2011和2012年组的中位时间分别为112、62、78 min,各年组间无差异(P=0.368).2010、2011和2012年FMC2B的中位时间分别为287.0、313.5、421.8 min,组间无显著差异(P=0.135).D2B中位时间分别为107、78、59 min,各年组间D2B时间比较有显著差异(P=0.000),通过各种途径转运来院的患者D2B均有明显的改善(P=0.008),但自行来院患者的D2B各年组未见改善(P =0.846).结论 胸痛中心模式不仅仅局限在医院还必须扩大到整区域,缩短发病到再灌注时间必须依靠患者、家庭、社区和完整的医疗保健体系、胸痛救治网络的建设、EMS系统建设和与医院的无缝衔接、规范化胸痛救治流程推广和持续改进以及反复高质量的全员培训.     

建立区域协同救治体系对STEMI救治效率及临床预后的影响

目的分析建立区域协同救治体系对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)救治效率及临床预后的影响。方法收集确诊为STEMI且施行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术(percautious coronary intervention, PCI)的患者共189例,以区域协同救治体系在四川省阆中人民医院正式运行为界,其中运行前救治的STEMI患者归为对照组(103例),运行后救治的STEMI患者归为观察组(86例),比较两组患者首次医疗接触至球囊扩张(first medical contact to balloon, FMC2B)时间、进医院大门至球囊扩张(door to balloon, D2B)时间以及两者达标率,比较两组主要不良心血管事件(major adverse cardiovascular events, MACE)情况,包括恶性心律失常、急性心力衰竭、非致死性再梗死、心因性死亡、非计划再入院,应用Kaplan-Meier生存分析比较两组患者无MACE事件生存率。结果与对照组相比,观察组患者FMC2B及D2B显著缩短,两者达标率更高。随访6个月后发现,观察组发生MACE的比例显著低于对照组(χ~2=4.627,P 0.05)。而且,Kaplan-Meier生存分析发现观察组患者无MACE事件生存率显著高于对照组(P 0.05)。结论区域胸痛救治体系的实施显著改善STEMI患者的救治延迟,提高STEMI患者的临床预后。     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

Serological survey of HIV and syphilis in pregnant women in Madagascar

Objectives Peripartal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, leads to severe consequences for newborns. Preventive measures require awareness of the maternal infection. Although HIV and syphilis testing in Madagascar could be theoretically carried out within the framework of the national pregnancy follow‐up scheme, the required test kits are rarely available at peripheral health centres. In this study, we screened blood samples of pregnant Madagascan women for HIV and syphilis seroprevalence to estimate the demand for systemic screening in pregnancy. Methods Retrospective anonymous serological analysis for HIV and syphilis was performed in plasma samples from 1232 pregnant women that were taken between May and July 2010 in Ambositra, Ifanadiana, Manakara, Mananjary, Moramanga and Tsiroanomandidy (Madagascar) during pregnancy follow‐up. Screening was based on Treponema pallidum haemagglutination tests for syphilis and rapid tests for HIV, with confirmation of positive screening results on line assays. Results Out of 1232 pregnant women, none were seropositive for HIV and 37 (3%) were seropositive for Treponema pallidum. Conclusions Our findings are in line with previous studies that describe considerable syphilis prevalence in the rural Madagascan population. The results suggest a need for screening to prevent peripartal Treponema pallidum transmission, while HIV is still rare. If they are known, Treponema pallidum infections can be easily, safely and inexpensively treated even in pregnancy to reduce the risk of transmission.     

Variabilité des concentrations plasmatiques de l’angiotensinogène et risque d’hypertension artérielle chez le rat transgénique

Aim

Genetic polymorphisms of the human angiotensinogen gene are frequent and may induce up to 30% increase of plasma angiotensinogen concentrations with a blood pressure increase of up to 5 mmHg. Their role for the pathogenesis of human arterial hypertension remains unclear. High plasma angiotensinogen levels could increase the sensitivity to other blood pressure stressors.

Methods

Male transgenic rats with a 9-fold increase of plasma angiotensinogen concentrations and male non-transgenic rats aged 10 weeks were treated or not with NG-Nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester for 3 weeks in their drinking water (n = 3/group). Systolic blood pressure and body weight were measured at baseline and at the end of the study when left ventricular weight and ventricular expression of angiotensin I-converting enzyme and procollagen Iα1 were determined (polymerase chain reaction).

Results

At baseline, transgenic rats had +18 mmHg higher bood pressure and –8% lower body weight compared to non-transgenic rats (P < 0.05) without significant changes for the vehicle groups throughout the study (P > 0.05). NG-Nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester increased blood pressure, left ventricular weight and left ventricular weight indexed for body weight by +41%, +17.6% and +18.6% (P < 0.05) in transgenic and +25%, +5.3% and +6.7% (P > 0.05) in non-transgenic rats compared to untreated animals, respectively. Cardiac gene expression showed no differences between groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Increased plasma angiotensinogen levels may sensitize to additional blood pressure stressors. Our preliminary results point towards an independent role of angiotensinogen in the pathogenesis of human hypertension and associated end-organ damage.     

Morphological and immunocytochemical heterogeneity of cultured pinealocytes from one-week-and two-month-old rats: Planimetric and densitometric investigations

Abstract: In vitro preparations of rat pinealocytes are widely used for biochemical analyses of signal transduction processes. This paper deals with morphological and immunocytochemical features of such preparations. Special attention was paid to the problems of whether pinealocytes represent a heterogeneous cell population and how such heterogeneity may develop during ontogeny. The investigations were performed with cells which were obtained from the pineal organ of one-week-and two-month-old rats, attached to synthetic peptide-coated coverslips or tissue culture chamber slides, and maintained under in vitro conditions overnight. The attached cells were then fixed with paraformaldehyde. These preparations yielded monolayers of spherical cells of different sizes; most cells were isolated, but some of them were aggregated and formed small clusters. On the average, the cells from the one-week-old animals were smaller than the cells from the two-month-old animals. Immunocytochemical demonstration of S-antigen, a pinealocyte-specific marker, showed that the majority of the cells from two-month-old animals were intensely or moderately labelled. Pinealocytes from one-week-old animals were less S-antigen immunoreactive. Only very few cells (less than 1% displayed glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-immunoreactivity. Planimetric investigations of the cell size and semiquantitative densitometric investigations of the intensity of the S-antigen immunoreaction revealed that (i) pinealocytes kept in vitro form a heterogeneous cell population, and that (ii) this heterogeneity increases during postnatal development from one-week-old to two-month-old animals. Two groups of pinealocytes can be distinguished based on their developmental fate: pinealocytes of one group grow dramatically, but show only a moderate increase in S-antigen immunoreactivity, and pinealocytes of the other group retain their size, but display a distinct increment in S-antigen immunoreacti vitv.     

Effects of pinealectomy and melatonin administration on certain indices of ovarian hyperplasia and/or hypertrophy in rats with both ovaries intact or after unilateral ovariectomy

Abstract: In earlier studies from other laboratories it was shown that melatonin decreased ovarian weight in rats and inhibited compensatory hypertrophy of the remaining ovary after unilateral ovariectomy. This study was designed to examine the influence of melatonin on certain indices of ovarian hyperplasia and/or hypertrophy in adult female rats with both ovaries preserved and with either an intact pineal gland or with the pineal gland removed (pinealectomy, PX) or, finally, in sham-PX animals. Similar studies were conducted on rats after unilateral ovariectomy, referring the examined parameters to the remaining intact ovary. The studies included mitotic activity of granulosa layer cells and corpus luteum cells, ovarian weight, ovarian cross-sectional area, cross-sectional area of the granulosa layer of all the Graafian follicles and the cross-sectional areas of the corpora lutea, visible on the ovarian cross-section. On the basis of results, we conclude that: 1) the effect of PX on the processes of ovarian hyperplasia and hypertrophy may vary; analogously, exogenous melatonin administration may influence ovarian hyperplasia and hypertrophy in different ways; 2) PX and exogenous melatonin may, under certain conditions, exert similar biological effects, even synergistic effects; 3) melatonin inhibits ovarian growth processes, while the effects of PX are variable; 4) the results indicate that in experiments performed on rats, with the use of two control groups, i.e., intact and sham-PX, melatonin effects on these two groups may differ.