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1.
目的通过检测青中年未绝经女性各项生物化学指标及其他暴露因素,探讨青中年未绝经女性发生动脉粥样硬化(As)的相关危险因素。方法本研究样本来自2013年1月至2016年3月泰山医学院附属医院就诊或者健康体检的青中年女性(≤50岁),共筛选出符合条件的青中年未绝经女性390位,年龄26~50岁,平均(45.6±4.4)岁。所有研究对象均采用高频线阵超声探测颈总动脉、颈内外动脉分叉处及颈内动脉颅外段的横轴和纵轴实时二维图像,测量动脉管壁内膜中膜厚度及有无斑块。入选者分为2组:As组191例,对照组199例。详细询问所有入选对象的既往病史及家族遗传史并测量血压、身高、体质量等;自动生物化学分析仪测定血脂、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、无机离子、肝功能、肾功能、甲状腺功能、血细胞分析、尿液分析等指标。结果 As组与对照组间年龄、3级高血压、糖尿病病史、长期饮酒史、吸烟史(含被动吸烟)、早发冠心病家族史、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、总胆固醇、载脂蛋白B、β2微球蛋白、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、尿葡萄糖、碳酸氢根、氯离子等具有显著性差异(P0.05)。单因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,青中年未绝经女性As的发生与年龄、3级高血压、糖尿病病史、长期饮酒史、吸烟史(含被动吸烟)、早发冠心病家族史、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、总胆固醇、载脂蛋白B、β2微球蛋白、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、尿葡萄糖、血碳酸氢根等呈正相关。进一步行多因素Logistic回归分析表明,年龄、3级高血压、长期饮酒史、吸烟史(含被动吸烟)、早发冠心病家族史、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇升高等为青中年女性As发生的独立危险因素。结论年龄、3级高血压、长期饮酒史、吸烟史(含被动吸烟)、早发冠心病家族史、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇升高等是青中年未绝经女性As发生的独立危险因素。  相似文献   

2.
目的探讨分析广东省云浮市2007年至2013年冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)相关的危险因素。方法选取广东省云浮市某院2007年至2013年间收治的3 408例来院进行冠状动脉造影检查的患者,将其中2 485例确诊为冠心病的患者作为观察组,923例非冠心病的患者作为对照组,对冠心病相关危险因素进行Logistic回归分析。结果观察组在性别、年龄、吸烟史、家族遗传病史、原发性高血压(高血压)病史、糖尿病史方面与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组舒张压、收缩压、血糖和血清总胆固醇、三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,性别(男性)、年龄(老年)、吸烟史、家族遗传病史、高血压病史、糖尿病史、血脂异常是该地区发生冠心病的危险因素,其中血清总胆固醇或低密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度上升是该地区发生冠心病的独立危险因素。结论广东省云浮市2007年至2013年冠心病相关危险因素主要为性别(男性)、年龄(老年)、吸烟史、家族遗传病史、高血压病史、糖尿病史、血脂异常,其中血清总胆固醇或低密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度上升是独立危险因素。  相似文献   

3.
目的分析围绝经期女性冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)患者的临床和冠状动脉病变特点的关系,为临床治疗和早期全面有效干预治疗策略提供可靠理论依据。方法对2010年5月~2013年8月在开滦总医院心血管科进行冠状动脉检查的200例女性冠心病患者进行回顾性分析,按照患者是否绝经分成绝经组(140例)和非绝经组(60例)。收集入组患者的一般资料,包括年龄、高血压病史、糖尿病史等冠心病危险因素,并结合冠状动脉造影结果进行比较绝经前后女性冠状动脉病变特点的联系。结果非绝经组患者平均年龄46.00±5.21岁,绝经组患者为59.00±4.01岁。绝经组女性高血压病史、糖尿病史比例均明显高于非绝经组女性;其冠心病家族史明显低于非绝经组女性(P0.05)。非绝经组女性冠心病患者中,单支病变比例最高,双支和三支病变比例较低(P0.05),非绝经组女性冠心病患者左回旋支和右冠状动脉病变比例高于绝经组女性冠心病患者(P0.05);非绝经组女性冠心病患者稳定型心绞痛比例较绝经组多(P0.05),心肌梗死比例较绝经组低(P0.05)。结论绝经前,冠心病患者冠状动脉病变的严重及复杂程度低,但不稳定心绞痛及急性心肌梗死患者的比例低,单支病变比例最高,双支和三支病变比例较低,多具有冠心病家族史以及高血压等病史;绝经后,女性患者冠状动脉病变范围增加,病变程度加重,高血压病史、糖尿病史均明显高于非绝经组女性。  相似文献   

4.
目的探讨特发性二尖瓣腱索断裂患者心血管病危险因素与冠状动脉(冠脉)造影结果的相关性。方法入选行冠脉造影的特发性二尖瓣腱索断裂患者195例,其中冠脉造影正常组143例(占74.33%),冠脉造影异常组(即确诊合并有冠心病)52例(占26.67%)。危险因素包括性别、年龄、吸烟史、高血压病、2型糖尿病、缺血性心血管病家族史、血脂异常、高尿酸血症、血红蛋白、总胆红素、体重指数。采用单因素和多因素分析。结果 (1)单因素分析显示,合并冠心病组发病年龄较冠脉造影正常组大,合并冠心病组吸烟比例、高血压病史比例、缺血性心血管病家族史比例、总胆固醇水平、甘油三酯水平、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平、尿酸水平均显著高于冠脉造影正常组。(2)多因素Logistic回归分析显示,缺血性心血管病家族史是特发性二尖瓣腱索断裂患者合并冠心病最显著的独立相关危险因素(OR=29.628,95%可信区间8.234-106.604,P=0.001),其它危险因素依次为高血压病史、高尿酸血症。结论缺血性心血管病家族史是特发性二尖瓣腱索断裂患者合并冠心病的独立相关危险因素,对于合并有冠心病高危因素(如高龄、有高血压病史、高尿酸、吸烟史、高脂血症)的特发性...  相似文献   

5.
目的探讨绝经期前女性冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(CHD)的临床特点及相关危险因素。方法入选绝经期前女性CHD患者450例,并抽取同期通过冠状动脉造影确诊无CHD的400例女性患者作为对照。比较两组患者高血压、糖尿病、家族史、吸烟等危险因素及临床情况的差异。随访1年。结果 CHD组患者的高血压、糖尿病、吸烟和高血压家族史、糖尿病家族史、早期CHD家族史的比例均高于对照组(均为P<0.05)。两组患者的血脂水平(包括总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇)和体质指数,差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,早期CHD家族史(OR:4.669,95%CI:1.982~22.577,P=0.018)和高血压病史(OR:3.665,95%CI:1.153~11.586,P=0.028)是绝经期前女性患CHD的独立危险因素。结论绝经期前的女性CHD患者常同时合并多种危险因素,高血压和早期CHD家族史是绝经期前女性患CHD的独立危险因素。需提高对绝经期前女性CHD高危人群的警惕性。  相似文献   

6.
背景绝经后女性冠心病发病率及病死率较绝经前女性明显升高,且围绝经期综合征的不典型症状易与冠心病症状相混淆,因此明确围绝经期女性冠心病的影响因素具有重要意义。目的探讨围绝经期女性冠心病的影响因素。方法选取2015年1月—2018年5月因"胸闷、气促、潮热"而就诊于沧州市人民医院及沧州市妇幼保健院的围绝经期女性冠心病患者112例作为病例组,另选取同期于沧州市人民医院及沧州市妇幼保健院体检正常的围绝经期女性174例作为对照组。比较两组受试者一般资料〔包括年龄、体质指数(BMI)、吸烟史、饮酒史、高血压病史、糖尿病病史、早发冠心病家族史、腹型肥胖发生情况、进入围绝经期年龄〕、实验室检查指标〔包括总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、平均血小板体积(MPV)、血小板分布宽度(PDW)〕,围绝经期女性冠心病的影响因素分析采用多因素Logistic回归分析。结果两组受试者年龄、BMI、饮酒史、TG、HDL-C比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);两组受试者吸烟史、高血压病史、糖尿病病史、早发冠心病家族史、腹型肥胖发生率、进入围绝经期年龄、TC、LDL-C、MPV、PDW比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,糖尿病病史〔OR=1.536,95%CI(1.077,2.136)〕、早发冠心病家族史〔OR=3.815,95%CI(1.495,9.736)〕、腹型肥胖〔OR=1.081,95%CI(1.013,1.153)〕、TC〔OR=1.229,95%CI(1.052,1.435)〕、LDL-C〔OR=1.027,95%CI(1.004,1.050)〕、MPV〔OR=2.787,95%CI(1.876,4.141)〕、PDW〔OR=4.323,95%CI(2.186,8.551)〕是围绝经期女性冠心病的独立影响因素(P0.05)。结论糖尿病病史、早发冠心病家族史、腹型肥胖、TC、LDL-C、MPV、PDW是围绝经期女性冠心病的独立影响因素。  相似文献   

7.
目的 探讨青年女性冠心病患者的临床危险因素及经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)后1年预后分析.方法 回顾性分析2009年1月至2012年3月在我院行冠脉造影术明确诊断为冠心病并成功行PCI治疗的青年女性(年龄<45岁)患者31例(心绞痛18例,急性心肌梗死13例),选取同期住院行冠脉造影检查除外冠心病诊断的青年女性22例为对照组,并选取同期住院诊断为冠心病的青年男性患者52例为性别对照组,选取老年女性冠心病患者50例为年龄对照组.观察高血压史、糖尿病史、早发冠心病家族史、血脂、白细胞、血红蛋白、胆红素、尿酸等与冠心病发病的关系.观察患者冠脉病变特点及PCI治疗效果.结果 ①与青年女性对照组相比,女性冠心病组合并高血压、糖尿病的比例明显增高(P<0.05),总胆固醇、极低密度脂蛋白、甘油三酯水平升高,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).②与性别对照组相比,女性高血压比例高于男性患者(P<0.05),而吸烟比例低于男性患者(P<0.05),两组间平均发病年龄、糖尿病、家族史差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),女性患者甘油三酯水平高于男性患者(P<0.05).③女性患者冠脉造影检查提示单支病变20例,双支病变9例,三支病变2例.所有患者定期随访,无严重出血、心绞痛、再发心肌梗死、心力衰竭、支架内再狭窄及死亡.结论 高血压、糖尿病是青年女性冠心病危险因素.青年女性冠心病患者多以单支病变为主,PCI治疗后预后良好.  相似文献   

8.
李百云 《中国老年学杂志》2013,33(13):3060-3062
目的 研究老年糖尿病肾病与下肢血管病变的相关性.方法 选取2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者274例,回顾性分析所有患者性别、年龄、糖尿病(DM)病程、DM家族史、冠心病史、高血压史、周围神经病变、视网膜病史、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)及体重质数(BMI)等一般临床资料及空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2小时血糖(2 h PG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1 c)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、肌酐(Cr)和尿微量白蛋白等临床辅助检查资料.结果 DM下肢血管病变与DM病程、DM家族史、冠心病史、高血压史、FPG、2 h PG、HbA1c及尿微量白蛋白正相关(r≥0.286,P<0.05),与HDL-C负相关(r=-0.153,P<0.05);与T2 DM组比较,糖尿病肾病(DN)组患者年龄、DM病程、DM及冠心病家族史比例、视网膜病史比例、SBP、BMI、FPG、2hPG、HbA1c、TC、TG、Cr及微量白蛋白均有相关性(P<0.05),其发生下肢血管病变的危险性是DN患者的3.15倍.结论 DM病程、DM家族史、冠心病史、高血压史、FPG、2hPG、HbA1c、HDL-C及尿微量白蛋白是DN患者发生下肢血管病变的独立危险因子.  相似文献   

9.
目的 探讨老年女性冠心病患者相关危险因素和冠状动脉病变特点. 方法 入选2003年4月至2012年5月在我科行Judkins法冠状动脉造影的连续2017例患者,根据年龄、性別及冠状动脉造影结果将其分为老年女性冠心病组(年龄≥60岁,冠状动脉狭窄程度≥50%)760例、老年女性对照组(年龄≥60岁)475例、青中年女性冠心病组(年龄<60岁,冠状动脉狭窄程度≥50%)97例、老年男性冠心病组(年龄≥60岁,冠状动脉狭窄程度≥50%)685例.分析老年女性冠心病患者临床相关危险因素及冠状动脉病变特点. 结果 老年女性冠心病组与老年女性对照组比较,收缩压(154.0±28.8)与(146.9±27.2) mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)、空腹血糖(6.5±2.4)与(6.1±1.7) mmol/L、糖化血红蛋白(6.5±1.3)与(6.2±0.9)%、血清尿酸(312.5±104.7)与(282.5±84.5)μmol/L升高(均P<0.05);高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(1.3±0.5)与(1.5±0.8)mmol/L降低(P<0.01).Logistic回归分析结果显示,与老年女性冠心病独立相关的危险因素依次为高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(OR=2.454,95%CI:1.462~4.121,P%0.01)、血清尿酸(OR=0.997,95%cI:0.995~0.999,P<0.01)、糖化血红蛋白(OR=0.749,95%CI:0.609~0.921,P<0.01).老年女性冠心病组冠状动脉造影结果提示,老年女性冠心病患者以多支病变和双支病变为主,行冠状动脉内支架置入术的比例高于青中年女性冠心病组[48.7%(370例)与34.0(33例),P<0.05];但较老年男性冠心病组低[48.7%(370例)与55.6%(381例),P<0.05]. 结论 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、糖化血红蛋白、血清尿酸是老年女性冠心病发病的独立危险因素,老年女性冠心病患者以多支病变和双支病变为主,冠状动脉病变累及范围广、程度重.  相似文献   

10.
目的对比老年与青年冠心病患者相关危险因素合并情况及冠状动脉病变特点。方法选取廊坊第四人民医院心内科2012年2月~2015年5月收治的老年冠心病患者100例为研究组,男性71例,女性29例,年龄63~87岁,平均年龄(72.8±2.7)岁。另选同期收治的青年冠心病患者100例为对照组,男性76例,女性24例,年龄29~44岁,平均年龄(35.8±1.7)岁。收集患者一般资料和生化指标资料,包括血压、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)等。冠状动脉造影检查冠状动脉病变情况。结果与对照组比较,研究组收缩压升高,脉压增大,合并高血压和糖尿病以及心血管疾病家族史的比例增加,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。与对照组比较,研究组尿酸和尿素氮升高,[(345.2±45.2)μmol/L vs.(361.5±85.2)μmol/L],[(4.9±1.2)mmol/L vs.(6.3±1.4)mmol/L],差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。对照组较研究组TG升高,HDL-C降低,[(2.3±0.7)mmol/L vs.(1.7±0.9)mmol/L],[(1.1±0.3)mmol/L vs.(1.3±0.2)mmol/L],差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。研究组较对照组左回旋支和右冠状动脉病变比例增加,三支病变比例增加,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论老年较青年冠心病患者应积极控制血压、尿酸、尿素氮,也要警惕高血压、糖尿病及心血管病家族史,冠状动脉受累情况更严重,应予以重视。  相似文献   

11.
The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin   总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19  
Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.  相似文献   

12.
Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.  相似文献   

13.
Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm2) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.  相似文献   

14.
15.
Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.  相似文献   

16.
Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.  相似文献   

17.
Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.  相似文献   

18.
Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.  相似文献   

19.
Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease   总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0  
PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.  相似文献   

20.
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