无症状高尿酸血症与颈动脉斑块数量的相关性研究

目的探讨无症状高尿酸血症患者血尿酸水平与颈动脉斑块数量的关系。方法选择2009年1月至2013年12月间在广东省惠州市惠阳三和医院进行健康查体人员72例,依据入选对象血尿酸水平分为高尿酸组(n=39)与正常尿酸组(n=33),随访5年血尿酸水平变化,并检测颈动脉斑块数量,对血尿酸水平与颈动脉斑块数量进行相关性分析。结果纳入患者5年随访期间,高尿酸组与正常尿酸组中男性人群血尿酸水平均高于女性人群,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。高尿酸组男性及女性血尿酸水平均高于正常尿酸组男性及女性尿酸水平,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组人群5年随访期间男性及女性血尿酸水平变化不明显,年度之间血尿酸水平无统计学差异(P0.05)。高尿酸组男性和女性颈动脉斑块数量平均为(1.9±0.5)个、(1.2±0.3)个,正常尿酸组男性和女性颈动脉斑块数量平均为(0.8±0.3)个、(0.4±0.2)个;高尿酸组男性和女性颈动脉斑块数量显著高于正常尿酸组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。颈动脉斑块数量与血尿酸水平呈正相关,男性r=0.768,女性r=0.721,均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论血尿酸水平升高与颈动脉斑块增加明显正相关。     

血尿酸水平与脑梗死急性期脑血管狭窄的关系

目的探讨血尿酸水平与脑梗死复发和脑血管狭窄的关系。方法选择2014年4月~2016年4月在天津医科大学总医院神经内科住院的急性脑梗死和陈旧性脑梗死患者共513例,急性脑梗死包括初发脑梗死236例(初发脑梗死组)和复发脑梗死136例(复发脑梗死组),陈旧性脑梗死患者141例(陈旧性脑梗死组)。入院当天采集静脉血进行生化检查,所有患者又按照血尿酸水平四分位数分为第一分位(尿酸≤255μmol/L,128例),第二分位(尿酸256~312μmol/L,129例),第三分位(尿酸313~371μmol/L,129例),第四分位(尿酸371μmol/L,127例)。住院期间做CT血管成像或磁共振血管造影术评价脑血管狭窄程度。结果初发脑梗死组、复发脑梗死组及陈旧性脑梗死组重度血管狭窄程度、高血压、糖尿病及高脂血症比例比较,差异有统计学意义(27.5%vs 33.8%vs12.8%、24.2%vs 28.7%vs 46.8%、61.9%vs 49.3%vs 40.4%、71.6%vs 61.8%vs 46.8%,P=0.000)。logistic回归分析显示,第一分位血尿酸水平为脑血管狭窄的独立危险因素(OR=2.787,95%CI:2.209~3.365,P=0.001),而且随着血尿酸分层升高,脑血管狭窄程度的相对危险度逐渐减弱。结论血尿酸水平与脑梗死复发可能无直接相关性。脑梗死急性期低血尿酸水平可能是脑血管狭窄的独立危险因素。     

太原市同型半胱氨酸的人群分布特点

目的分析中国山西省太原市社区人群和体检人群同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平分布特点。方法自2012年3月至2012年9月间,随机选取两部分人群,社区人群:来自于山西省太原市坝凌桥社区,共5092例(男性1076例,女性4016例);体检人群来自于山西医科大学第二医院体检中心,共4323例(男性2824例,女性1499例)。检测两组人群血浆Hcy、血糖、血脂、血压、体质指数等指标。分析血浆Hcy在各年龄段以及两组人群中的分布。结果与社区人群比较,体检人群高血压比例和Hcy水平均降低,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。各年龄段Hcy多分布在10~20μmol/L,社区人群各年龄段10~20μmol/L水平分布:≤35(50.3%);35~45(50.9%);45~55(42.2%);55~65(52.4%);65(58.1%)。社区人群各年龄段分布:≤35(46.2%);35~45(50.5%);45~55(43.7%);55~65(51.3%);65(51.9%)。社区人群非高血压者较高血压者Hcy≤10μmol/L比例(12.2%vs.5.8%)升高,20~30μmol/L(13.9%vs.19.8%)降低,差异有显著统计学意义(P均0.01)。体检人群非高血压较高血压Hcy≤10μmol/L比例(20.7%vs.14.6%)升高,差异有显著统计学意义(P均0.01)。社区人群Hcy水平与尿酸水平呈正相关(r=0.144,P0.05)。体检人群Hcy水平与尿酸水平呈正相关(r=0.131,P0.05)。结论中国山西省太原市社区人群和体检人群各年龄段大部分Hcy水平在10~20μmol/L,非高血压较高血压Hcy≤10μmol/L比例升高。     

2012—2016年南京市区体检人群血尿酸的职业、年龄、性别分布特点和相关因素分析

目的:分析南京市来自6个行业体检人群血尿酸的年龄、性别分布特点,和高尿酸血症(HUA)的患病情况及其影响因素。方法:纳入2012年至2016年南京市4家医院参加健康体检的107478例体检者,比较不同性别、不同年份的HUA发病率;按照血尿酸值分为正常组和HUA组,比较两组代谢指标、年龄,计算不同行业体检人群的血尿酸水平,并采用多因素logistic回归方法计算HUA发病危险OR值。结果:HUA总体患病率为14.9%,男性HUA的患病率明显高于女性(20.5%比2.5%,χ2=5850.1,P<0.01),女性HUA的患病率随着年龄的增加呈上升趋势(20~29、30~39、40~49、50~59、60~69和≥70岁组的HUA患病率分别为1.0%、0.7%、0.9%、2.7%、3.8%和9.6%;趋势P<0.01)。HUA组的高血压、高血脂、糖尿病患病率及体重指数均高于血尿酸正常组(P≤0.01)。卫生行业人群血尿酸水平[(298±91)μmol/L]和HUA患病率(10.4%)最低,公安行业的血尿酸水平[(342±82)μmol/L]和HUA患病率最高(16.5%)。血尿酸水平与血脂、血糖、血压等代谢指标相关(P≤0.01),多因素logistic回归分析显示,男性、高血压、高甘油三酯、高胆固醇、肥胖、职业类别和高尿酸血症的发生相关。结论:南京地区体检人群中男性HUA患病率明显高于女性,女性HUA的患病率随着年龄的增加而增加。卫生行业体检人群的血尿酸水平和HUA患病率最低,而公安职业类别人群最高。男性、高血压、高脂血症、肥胖、职业类别与HUA的发生相关。     

脑梗死患者血清尿酸水平与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块危险因素的关系

目的探讨脑梗死患者血清尿酸水平与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块危险因素的关系。方法选择脑梗死患者181例,根据颈动脉超声检查分为无斑块组59例,稳定斑块组48例,易损斑块组74例。检测血清尿酸水平,双功能彩色多普勒超声检测颈动脉内膜中层厚度及斑块性质。结果易损斑块组血清尿酸水平明显高于无斑块组和稳定斑块组[(396.26±126.84)μmol/L vs(353.75±126.25)μmol/L,(325.77±94.08)μmol/L,P<0.05]。血清尿酸与颈动脉内膜中层厚度和TG呈正相关,与HDL-C呈负相关(P<0.01)。血清尿酸是脑梗死患者颈动脉易损斑块的独立危险因素(OR=1.006,95%CI:1.002¹.101,P=0.002)。结论血清尿酸是脑梗死患者动脉粥样硬化和斑块形成的危险因素,是易损斑块形成的可能独立危险因素。     

血清支链氨基酸水平升高与颈动脉斑块的关系

目的研究血清支链氨基酸(BCAA)水平与颈动脉斑块的关系。方法采用横断面调查方法,对收集的中老年体检人群472例[42~97岁,平均(70.1±6.6)岁,男性272例]进行问卷调查、体格检查、血液检查和颈动脉超声检测,同位素稀释液相色谱串联质谱法测定血清BCAA水平,分析其与颈动脉斑块的关系。结果血清BCAA浓度呈偏态和尖态分布,男性的BCAA水平[466.5(423.6~514.7)μmol/L]显著高于女性[415.3(382.5~466.0)μmol/L],P<0.001。在校正年龄和性别后,血清BCAA水平与BMI、SBP、DBP、FBG、TG和LDL-C显著正相关(均为P<0.05),与HDL-C明显负相关(P<0.001)。颈动脉斑块组的BCAA水平[450.0(405.9~492.1)]明显高于正常组[430.4(395.1~495.2)](P=0.039)。多因素Logistic回归分析发现,年龄、吸烟史、SBP和BCAA水平升高是颈动脉斑块的独立危险因素,BCAA次高四分位水平发生颈动脉斑块的风险是最低四分位水平的2.68倍(P=0.002,P趋势=0.018)。结论血清BCAA水平升高是颈动脉斑块的独立危险因素,可能影响动脉粥样硬化的发生发展。     

山东沿海居民血尿酸水平与心血管疾病危险因素的关系

目的 探讨山东沿海地区居民的血清尿酸水平与心血管疾病危险因素之间的相关性.方法 实验设计采用随机整群抽样分层设计的方法 ,调查研究了4 988名山东沿海地区居民一般生活、健康及营养状况,采用白动生化分析仪和电化学发光分析仪检测受试者的空腹血尿酸、血脂、胰岛素等指标.结果 在男女受试者中,其心血管危险因索如收缩压、舒张压、肌酐、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、腰围以及体重指数(BMI)都随着血清尿酸值的升高而增加,而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平逐级降低.女性受试者的稳态模型评估的胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA.IR)逐级升高,而男性受试者的升高不明显.与血尿酸<280μmol/L组相比.血尿酸280～319、320～349 >1350 μmol/L 3组女性受试者发生高血压的相对危险度(DR)分别为1.54、1.88和2.70,而发生代谢综合征(MS)的OR分别为2.29、4.15和4.96;在男性,与血尿酸<280μmoL/L组相比,血尿酸320～379、380～419和≥420 μmol/L 3组受试者发生MS的OR分别为I.41、1.87和3.27,血尿酸/>420 μmol/L组发生高血压的OR为1.52.调整混杂因素后,Logistic回归分析显示,在男性和女性巾高尿酸均可视为高血压的独立危险因素.结论 较高的血清尿酸水平与心血管疾病的发生和发展密切相关,在临床实践中应予重视.     

冠心病患者颈动脉斑块性质的危险因素及其与冠状动脉病变严重程度的相关性

目的探讨冠心病患者颈动脉斑块性质的危险因素以及斑块性质与冠状动脉病变严重程度的关系。方法选择2018年3月至2019年8月因可疑冠心病入住山西医科大学第一医院心内科或老年病科的患者,通过冠状动脉造影确诊为冠心病并进一步行颈动脉彩色多普勒超声探查出存在颈部血管斑块的患者共127例,根据其彩色多普勒超声结果分为不稳定斑块组78例,稳定斑块组49例。收集其一般资料、血液指标、冠状动脉造影Gensini积分、冠状动脉病变支数,分析影响颈动脉斑块性质的危险因素及斑块性质与冠状动脉病变严重程度的关系。应用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计分析,组间率的比较采用χ~2检验,均数比较采用t检验,斑块性质的危险因素采用二元logistic回归分析。结果颈动脉不稳定斑块组同型半胱氨酸及血尿酸分别为(19.87±13.13)μmol/L、(331.87±60.53)μmol/L,稳定斑块组分别为(13.40±3.74)μmol/L、(282.28±49.91)μmol/L,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);不稳定斑块组空腹血糖、胱抑素C、血肌酐、纤维蛋白原分别为(5.76±2.32)mmol/L、(0.98±0.24)mg/L、(71.24±14.89)μmol/L、(3.09±0.73)g/L,稳定斑块组分别为(5.59±1.79)mmol/L、(0.89±0.19)mg/L、(67.43±10.88)μmol/L、(2.90±0.57)g/L,差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。颈动脉斑块性质的二元logistic回归分析显示,血尿酸与斑块的不稳定性存在关联(OR=1.020,95%CI 1.005～1.036;P0.05)。颈动脉不稳定斑块组Gensini积分与冠状动脉病变支数分别为(41.72±16.26)分、(1.96±0.79)支,与稳定斑块组[(31.80±9.54)分、(1.51±0.50)支]比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论冠心病人群中血尿酸水平的升高与颈动脉斑块的不稳定性密切相关。颈动脉斑块的不稳定性可作为预测及评估冠心病患者冠状动脉病变严重程度的指标。     

高尿酸血症与高血压关系的研究进展

尿酸是嘌呤代谢的终产物,若生成过多、排泄减少,则出现尿酸水平动态失衡,表现为血尿酸升高,非同日2次空腹男性血尿酸>420μmol/L(7 mg/dl)、女性>360μmol/L(6 mg/dl),为高尿酸血症(HUA)。其中5%~19%的HUA会发展为痛风,大部分则为无痛风性关节炎、尿酸性肾病和肾结石的HUA。HUA与高血压存在复杂的关系,是高血压的独立危险因素,血尿酸水平每增加60μmol/L,高血压的发生风险增加15%~23%[1]。     

90岁以上老年男性血尿酸水平及多因素分析

目的 了解高龄老年男性高尿酸血症的发病率及临床特点,探讨其相关影响因素.方法 选择2007年在我院进行常规体检的90岁以上老年男性100例为研究对象,比较不同血尿酸水平人群临床及生化指标,对影响高尿酸水平的诸多因素进行Logistic回归分析. 结果 90岁以上老年男性血尿酸增高的比例为20%,痛风性关节炎的发生率为1%.尿酸增高组血尿素及肌酐水平分别为(10.985±4.29)mmol/L和(125.2±25.9)μmol/L,均明显高于尿酸正常组[(6.87±1.86)mmol/L和(93.4±19.8)μmol/L] (t=-4.460和t=4.279,均为P<0.05).并存高血压、高三酰甘油血症、应用利尿剂的比率高于尿酸正常组(X2=4.762、9.219、4.080,均为P<0.05).Logistic回归分析显示,血尿酸与血肌酐相关性最为明显(OR=1.969),其次为空腹血糖(OR=1.310)和血尿素(OR=1.161),与胆固醇(OR=0.802)呈负相关. 结论 90岁以上老年人高尿酸血症患病率较高,急性痛风性关节炎发病率低;主要危险因素是肾功能下降、高血糖及利尿剂的应用.     

自身免疫与动脉粥样硬化的发生发展

在动脉粥样硬化的发生发展过程中,自身免疫具有重要作用,本文就近年有关动脉粥样硬化的免疫机制的研究进展作一简要综述.     

Cement and Concrete Nanoscience and Nanotechnology

Concrete science is a multidisciplinary area of research where nanotechnology potentially offers the opportunity to enhance the understanding of concrete behavior, to engineer its properties and to lower production and ecological cost of construction materials. Recent work at the National Research Council Canada in the area of concrete materials research has shown the potential of improving concrete properties by modifying the structure of cement hydrates, addition of nanoparticles and nanotubes and controlling the delivery of admixtures. This article will focus on a review of these innovative achievements.     

慢性饮酒、吸烟与骨质疏松的相关性研究

目的 探讨长期大量慢性饮酒、吸烟等不良生活方式与骨质疏松的关系.方法 以乏力、腰背痛、双下肢酸困为主诉,且有长期大量慢性饮酒史、吸烟史,无其他慢性疾病史的年轻男性患者45例为观察对象,测定其血钙(Ca)、血磷(P)和血肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)、血糖(Glu)、天门冬酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸基转移酶(ALT)、血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、甲状腺功能、全段甲状旁腺激素(iPTH)、1,25-二羟维生素D3[1,25-(OH) 2D3]、双能X线骨密度仪测定腰椎L1-4及左侧股骨近段(包括颈、股骨颈上部、大粗隆)骨密度(BMD),分析饮酒、吸烟对骨量的影响.以感冒发热就诊、年龄相当、无饮酒、吸烟史及慢性疾病史的45例男性为对照组.结果 观察组1,25(OH)2D3水平均降低,血钙水平偏低,血磷正常,碱性磷酸酶呈不同程度地升高,骨密度T值提示观察组27例骨质疏松,12例骨量减少,6例正常骨量;而对照组仅有6例为骨量减少,1例骨质疏松,38例为正常骨量,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 长期慢性大量饮酒吸烟影响骨量,甚至易导致骨质疏松.     

Immune and serologic profiles of HIV-infected and noninfected hemophilic children and adolescents

Objectives: To assess relationships among the effects of HIV on hemophilic children and adolescents' immunologic parameters and vaccine-related serology. Methods: We analyzed data from extensive baseline immunologic evaluations of 207 HIV antibody-positive (HIV+) and 126 HIV antibody-negative (HIV?) hemophilic children and adolescents. Results: HIV+ and HIV- participants differed significantly in T-lymphocyte subpopulation numbers, immunoglobulin levels, and seroprevalence rates for diphtheria toxoid, measles, and mumps antigens. IgG levels, IgM levels, and serologic titers to vaccine antigens showed little correlation with T-cell parameters. Proportionately more HIV+ participants were nonreactive to each and all of a panel of 7 skin test antigens (71 % vs 28% anerglc, RR 2.6). The odds of anergy increased 1.6 times for every decline of 200 CD4 ± cells/μTl. Conclusions: HIV had significant, largely independent T- and B-lymphocyte effects on this pediatric cohort. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Medical and Psychology Students' Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Aging and Sexuality

The current study surveys medical and doctoral psychology students (N = 100) from an urban northeastern university regarding knowledge and attitudes toward elderly sexuality and aging using the Facts on Aging Quiz, the Aging Sexuality Knowledge and Attitudes Scale, and measures of interest in gerontology, academic/clinical exposure to aging and sexuality, and contact with elders. The current study found that psychology students demonstrated greater aging knowledge than medical students; however, both groups showed gaps in knowledge about sexuality. Married students had greater academic/clinical exposure and greater knowledge about aging but less permissive attitudes toward elderly sexuality. Generally, knowledge about aging was the strongest correlate of knowledge about sexuality. Level of knowledge about sexuality was not associated with attitudes. Attitudes toward sexuality and aging may be more strongly tied to demographic variables reflective of religious beliefs or adherence to sociocultural norms.     

ADH and ALDH Polymorphisms and Alcohol Dependence in Mexican and Native Americans

Background: Ethanol is primarily metabolized in the liver by two rate-limiting reactions: conversion of ethanol to acetaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and subsequent conversion of acetaldehyde to acetate by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). ADH and ALDH exist in multiple isozymes that differ in their kinetic properties. Notably, polymorphisms within the genes that encode for these isozymes vary in their allele frequencies between ethnic groups, and thus, they have been considered as candidate genes that may differentially influence risk for the development of alcohol dependence across ethnic groups. Objectives and methods: Associations between alcohol dependence and polymorphisms in ADH1B, ADH1C, and ALDH2 were compared in a community sample of Native Americans (n 791) living on reservations and Mexican Americans (n 391) living within the same county. Results: Two Mexican Americans and no Native Americans possessed one ALDH2*2 allele. Presence of at least one ADH1B*2 allele was found in 7% of the Native Americans and 13% of the Mexican Americans, but was only associated with protection against alcohol dependence in the Mexican Americans. Presence of at least one ADH1B*3 allele was found in 4% of the Native Americans and 2% of the Mexican Americans, but was associated with protection against alcohol dependence only in the Native Americans. No associations between alcohol dependence and polymorphisms in ADH1C were found. Conclusions and Scientific Significance: Polymorphisms in ADH1B are protective against alcoholism in these two populations; however, these findings do not explain the high prevalence of alcoholism in these populations.     

Leptin and cellular and innate immunity in abstinent alcoholics and controls

BACKGROUND: Basic studies indicate that in vitro and in vivo doses of leptin modulate cellular immune responses. Given evidence that concentrations of leptin are altered in alcoholics who also show immune abnormalities, this study examined the relationships between circulating levels of leptin and markers of cellular and innate immunity. METHODS: Circulating levels of leptin, natural killer cell (NK) activity, interleukin-2 (IL-2)-stimulated NK activity, and concanavalin A-stimulated production of IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12 were compared between abstinent DSM-IV alcohol-dependent men (n = 27) and age- and gender-matched controls (n = 34). RESULTS: As compared with controls, alcoholics showed lower NK activity (p < 0.01) and a trend for lower levels of leptin (p = 0.055). In the total sample, leptin predicted NK activity (beta = 0.33; p < 0.05) after controlling for the confounding influence of body mass index, alcohol intake, and smoking. Leptin was not correlated with any of the cytokine measures. To examine whether the effects of leptin were mediated by its direct action on NK, additional studies examined in vitro effects of leptin on NK activity in healthy volunteers (n = 10); leptin doses (0.1, 1, and 10 nM) yielded levels of NK activity comparable to those with media alone. CONCLUSIONS: These data show that circulating levels of leptin are associated with NK activity in humans and suggest that abnormal in vivo concentrations of leptin may contribute to the declines of NK activity in alcoholics who are at risk for infectious diseases.