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1.
<正>类风湿关节炎(RA)确切病因尚不明确。RA的发病率呈逐年上升趋势,发病率女大于男。女性患者发病年龄高峰也比男性患者低20岁左右。目前国内RA患病率为0.20%~0.37%[1]。主要病理表现为滑膜的炎性增生和水肿及形成的大量血管翳,导致关节损伤及不可逆性破坏,最终关节功能丧失。因此,在治疗中如何有效抑制关节滑膜炎症、阻止滑膜细胞增生或尽可能促进滑膜细胞凋亡、减少滑膜组织的增殖和血管翳的形成,是预防RA患者关节骨质破坏,减少致残的关键因素  相似文献   

2.
类风湿关节炎的核磁共振成像研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
类风湿关节炎 (rheumatoidarthritis,RA)是一个累及周围关节为主的多系统性炎症性的自身免疫病。临床表现为受累关节疼痛、肿胀、畸形、功能下降 ,病变呈持续、反复发作过程。它以纤维样滑膜细胞过度增生、形成血管翳为特征。血管翳由关节边缘部无软骨覆盖区开始逐渐破坏关节软骨及软骨下骨质 ,以及周围肌腱、韧带 ,造成关节的进行性破坏畸形和功能丧失。1 RA的传统诊断标准临床上 ,常用症状结合X线平片表现进行诊断 ,即符合1987年美国风湿病协会 (ARA)诊断标准。X线改变包括关节周围软组织肿胀、关节邻近骨质…  相似文献   

3.
类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)是一种以慢性、进行性关节侵蚀性破坏为主要表现的全身性自身免疫病.病变特点为慢性滑膜炎、血管翳形成以及关节软骨和骨质破坏,最终导致关节畸形.近年来,随着分子生物学、免疫学、遗传学的研究进展以及RA转基因动物模型的建立,人们对RA发病机制的认识更深入.  相似文献   

4.
类风湿性关节炎中血管新生机制及临床价值   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
类风湿性关节炎(RA)是一种慢性炎症性疾病,关节滑膜增生并形成关节翳是其重要特征;增生的滑膜需要更多的血供以满足其对氧气和营养物质的需求,因而血管新生在关节翳的形成和维持方面起着关键词性作用。鉴于关节翳是高度血管化的,针对RA中血管新生的方法可能会成为未来治疗RA的有效策略。在RA滑膜中有许多促血管新生因子表达,但血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在RA的血管新生过程中具有中心地位能增加水肿程度,引起RA中的关节肿胀。在小鼠胶原诱导性关节炎中,用可溶液VEGF受体可以减轻疾病的严重程度、四肢肿胀和关节的破坏。  相似文献   

5.
VEGF在类风湿关节炎血管生成中的作用及其研究进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
王立丹  余成新 《山东医药》2008,48(20):99-101
类风湿关节炎(RA)是一种常见的多关节、多系统损伤的系统性自身免疫疾病,其主要病理特征是滑膜细胞增生、衬里层增厚,多种炎性细胞浸润,血管翳形成及骨和软骨的破坏.血管翳形成被公认为是RA病理过程的主要环节,而新生血管是产生和维持RA血管翳的主要标志,其作用于RA发病早期并贯穿整个病程,在RA的侵蚀和破坏过程中发挥主要作用.血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)是血管生成的主要作用因子,现将其在RA发生、发展以及治疗中的作用综述如下.  相似文献   

6.
《内科》2017,(5)
目的探索超声波检查在膝骨关节炎早期诊断中的应用价值。方法随机选取2015年6月至2016年6月在我院进行健康体检的健康者60例,2016年7月至2017年1月我院首诊膝骨关节炎患者30例、临床首诊类风湿关节炎(累及膝关节的)患者30例,分别作为对照组、关节炎组(OA组)和类风湿关节炎组(RA组),对三组患者的膝关节进行超声波检查,OA组患者进行膝关节X-线、MRI/关节镜检查,比较分析三组患者的影像学以及临床表现。结果 X线对骨质增生、骨质疏松的检出率显著高于超声波、MRI/关节镜检查(P0.05);X线与超声波、MRI/关节镜对关节间隙狭窄的检出率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);超声波和MRI/关节镜对于滑膜增厚、髌上囊积液、软骨退行性变、腘窝囊肿、半月板退行性变、软骨下骨质破坏等膝关节炎患者非骨性病变的检出率显著高于X线检查(P0.05)。RA组患者的髌上囊液体厚度、滑膜厚度显著大于OA组患者和对照组健康者(P0.01);OA组患者的髌上囊液体厚度、滑膜厚度显著大于对照组健康者(P0.01);超声检查RA组患者的滑膜血管翳检查率显著高于OA组患者(P0.05)。结合OA组患者的具体病理改变、Mc Cuned分级、MRI及关节镜检查结果,超声检查能较准确对膝关节软骨退行性变的严重程度进行分期。结论超声检查对膝骨关节炎大多数病变的检出率与MRI/关节镜检查相当,均优于X线平片检查,对膝骨关节炎患者的早期诊断有独特的诊断价值。  相似文献   

7.
类风湿关节炎 (rheumatoidarthritis,RA)是一种常见的以关节滑膜慢性炎症病变为主要表现的自身免疫性疾病 ,其滑膜增生形成血管翳 ,有似肿瘤样生长的特点 ,造成对骨关节的侵蚀破坏。Paleolog[1 ] 证实血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)在RA的滑膜血管翳的形成过程中可能起关键作用 ,它是联系各种炎性因子的枢纽 ,直接促进滑膜组织新血管形成 ,增强血管通透性 ,引起一系列病理改变。文献 [2 5 ]中已有血清VEGF水平在RA进展不同时期及与疾病活动性、类风湿因子 (RF)滴度关系的报道。但用VEGF和RA检索Medline和PubMed均未见反映不同病期血清…  相似文献   

8.
血管内皮生长因子及其受体与类风湿关节炎的相关性   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
近年来的研究表明,血管内皮生长因子(vaseular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)在类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)病理过程中起着关键作用。VEGF通过与其受体结合发挥生物学作用,可增加血管通透性,提高炎性渗透.促进内皮细胞生长、迁移和新生血管形成,有助于滑膜血管翳形成.而血管翳形成则是构成滑膜炎症、骨质破坏乃至整个RA疾病进展的一部分。本研究就VEGF及其受体与RA发生、发展和治疗方面的研究进行综述。  相似文献   

9.
<正>类风湿性关节炎(Rheumatoid arthritis,RA)是一种侵犯关节滑膜,进而破坏关节软骨和骨质,致劳动力丧失甚至严重影响患者生活质量的疾病。早期诊断、早期正规治疗对RA病情控制及改善预后至关重要,但如何在早期对RA患者的病情及预后作出判断却是临床上的一个难题。长期以来人们一直期望能找到早期诊断RA的方法,在血清学方面,人们发现抗核周因子(Anfiperinuclear factor,APF)等~([1])几种特异性抗体  相似文献   

10.
脊柱关节病患者骶髂关节细针活检的病理表现及其临床意义   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15  
Wang QW  Zeng QY  Xiao ZY  Chen SB  Liu Y  Wu MY 《中华内科杂志》2004,43(11):832-836
目的了解骶髂关节(SIJ)炎的病理表现,提高强直性脊柱炎(AS)的早期诊断水平。方法对96例脊柱关节病(SpA)患者的SIJ进行CT导引下的细针活检,3例非SpA死亡病例为对照组。记录临床资料进行分析。结果76例SpA的SIJ存在炎症表现,包括骨髓炎、血管翳形成和炎性细胞浸润,软骨下骨板破坏,软骨变性、破坏,滑膜炎,附着点炎等。其中45例0~Ⅰ级CT下SIJ炎均存在骨髓炎、软骨下骨板炎、软骨变性等改变;0级CT下SIJ炎的滑膜无病理改变,而部分Ⅰ级和所有≥Ⅱ级SIJ炎滑膜可见炎症;软骨破坏和骨化发生率以0~Ⅰ级最低,且仅见于软骨下骨板侧,关节面侧未见破坏;骨质硬化也是0~Ⅰ级最少见;附着点炎仅见于部分≥Ⅱ级SIJ炎;炎性细胞浸润程度Ⅳ级最低。45例0~Ⅰ级CT下SIJ炎的SpA经病理检查诊断为AS;其平均病程显著短于≥Ⅱ级者。结论0级CT下SIJ炎时SIJ已可有炎症存在。SIJ炎可能自骨髓开始,继而血管翳形成,软骨下骨板破坏,软骨变性、破坏,最后纤维化、骨化而导致关节融合。滑膜炎和附着点炎不是SIJ炎的最早改变。病理检查有利于AS的早期诊断和鉴别诊断。  相似文献   

11.
Alterations of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) relaxation time and intensity can be helpful in the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) lesions like synovial infiltration, local inflammation and exudation. Fast low angle shot magnetic resonance imaging (FLASH-MRI) is a rapid method showing anatomy and inflammatory pathology of the examined joint comparable to late spin echo T2 images. The following study presents our results of FLASH-MRI wrist examinations of 15 patients suffering from RA according the ARA criteria and 10 healthy volunteers compared to T1 and T2 weighted MR-images and conventional X-rays.  相似文献   

12.
A 44-year-old man with intermittent asymmetric migratory oligoarthritis lasting the recent decade was admitted to our hospital. Considerable specific biomarkers for rheumatoid arthritis such as anti-agalactosyl IgG antibody are all negative. He was diagnosed as palindromic rheumatism (PR). Although hand X-rays showed no remarkable findings, hand magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detected pannus and bone erosion. PR is defined as the disease characterized by short-lasting attacks of acute oligoarthritis, without radiographic changes. To our knowledge, the findings of MRI for PR have not been previously described. We propose that MRI findings in patients with PR is useful tool to distinguish PR from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or other RA related diseases.  相似文献   

13.
OBJECTIVES--To examine the contents of intraosseous cysts in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) through the signal intensity characteristics on gadolinium-DTPA (Gd-DTPA) enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. METHODS--The hand or foot joints of nine patients with the cystic form of RA (where the initial radiological abnormality consisted of intraosseous cysts without erosions) were imaged before and after intravenous administration of Gd-DTPA. A 0.6 unit, T1 weighted spin echo and T2* weighted gradient echo were used to obtain images in at least two perpendicular planes. RESULTS--Most cysts showed a low signal intensity on the non-enhanced T1 weighted (spin echo) images and a high signal intensity on the T2* weighted (gradient echo) images, consistent with a fluid content. No cyst showed an enhancement of signal intensity on the T1 weighted images after intravenous administration of Gd-DTPA, whereas synovium hyperplasia at the site of bony erosions did show an increased signal intensity after Gd-DTPA. Magnetic resonance imaging detected more cysts (as small as 2 mm) than plain films, and the cysts were located truly intraosseously. In six patients no other joint abnormalities were identified by magnetic resonance imaging; the three other patients also showed, after Gd-DTPA administration, an enhanced synovium at the site of bony erosions. CONCLUSIONS--It is suggested that intraosseous bone cysts in patients with RA do not contain hyperaemic synovial proliferation. The bone cysts in patients with the cystic form of RA may be the only joint abnormality.  相似文献   

14.
Summary In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, intraarticular injection of corticosteroids is an accepted means of treating a symptomatic joint. It has previously been impossible to precisely quantitate the effects of these injections on synovial effusion and pannus. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a safe, effective means of evaluating joint anatomy, and the use of intravenous gadolinium (Gd)-containing contrast allows clear differentiation of fluid from abnormal synovial tissue. The current study utilized MRI with Gd-labeled diethylene-triamene pentacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) contrast to evaluate serial changes in 6 knees of 6 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, following arthrocentesis and intraarticular injection of prednisolone. One week after the corticosteroid was injected, 2 patients had reduction of pannus width to 20% and 68% of baseline measurements. In these same individuals, follow-up sagittal views showed decreases of total effusion and fluid-plus-pannus width. The other 4 patients, who were followed for 4 weeks, had minimal changes in fluid and synovium. Gd-DTPA-enhanced MRI permits precise assessment of effects of intraarticular injections on synovial fluid and pannus in the rheumatoid knee.  相似文献   

15.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pathologic nature of features termed "bone erosion" and "bone marrow edema" (also called "osteitis) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of joints affected by rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: RA patients scheduled for joint replacement surgery (metacarpophalangeal or proximal interphalangeal joints) underwent MRI on the day before surgery. The presence and localization of bone erosions and bone marrow edema as evidenced by MRI (MRI bone erosions and MRI bone marrow edema) were documented in each joint (n=12 joints). After surgery, sequential sections from throughout the whole joint were analyzed histologically for bone marrow changes, and these results were correlated with the MRI findings. RESULTS: MRI bone erosion was recorded based on bone marrow inflammation adjacent to a site of cortical bone penetration. Inflammation was recorded based on either invading synovial tissue (pannus), formation of lymphocytic aggregates, or increased vascularity. Fat-rich bone marrow was replaced by inflammatory tissue, increasing water content, which appears as bright signal enhancement on STIR MRI sequences. MRI bone marrow edema was recorded based on the finding of inflammatory infiltrates, which were less dense than those of MRI bone erosions and localized more centrally in the joint. These lesions were either isolated or found in contact with MRI bone erosions. CONCLUSION: MRI bone erosions and MRI bone marrow edema are due to the formation of inflammatory infiltrates in the bone marrow of patients with RA. This emphasizes the value of MRI in sensitively detecting inflammatory tissue in the bone marrow and demonstrates that the inflammatory process extends to the bone marrow cavity, which is an additional target structure for antiinflammatory therapy.  相似文献   

16.
BACKGROUND: Volumes of inflamed synovial membrane determined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are closely related to histopathological synovitis and may predict erosive progression in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, after IV injection, leakage of MRI contrast from the synovium gradually compromises the differentiation of synovium from joint fluid. OBJECTIVE: To determine the time period after IV MRI contrast (gadolinium-DTPA (Gd)) injection in which synovial membrane volume determination is reliable. METHODS: MRI of five RA knees with clinical synovitis was carried out, with axial, T(1) weighted, spin echo images before IV Gd injection and every 1.75 minutes for 60 minutes post-Gd. By a semiautomated "signal enhancement threshold" method, including voxels with >35% or >45% relative post-Gd enhancement, synovial membrane volumes were estimated at each time point. At 4.25 minutes post-Gd, volumes were also determined by a more accurate but time consuming "manual method". RESULTS: The initially observed synovium-effusion borderline remained clearly visible, and on the same location, within at least the initial 11 minutes post-Gd (that is, within the normal time frame of post-Gd imaging in RA) but started blurring and moving centripetally thereafter. Compared with volumes at all other time points, synovial membrane volumes at 0.75 and 2.50 minutes post-Gd were significantly lower (Wilcoxon-Pratt), suggesting that some synovial membrane areas had not yet exceeded the enhancement threshold. Thereafter, the measured volumes remained practically unchanged. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that MR image acquisition in arthritic knee joints should be performed within the initial approximately 10 minutes after gadolinium contrast injection to achieve the most accurate distinction between synovium and joint fluid but that small time variations are not of major importance to the measured synovial membrane volumes.  相似文献   

17.
MRI of knee arthritis in rheumatoid arthritis and spondylarthropathies   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Summary The knees of fifty-two patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 22 patients with seronegative spondylarthopathies (SA) as well as of 20 healthy volunteers were examined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Osseous erosions (RA 52%-SA 18%; P<0.005), Baker cysts (RA 56%-SA 12%; P<0.005), pannus formation (RA 67%-SA 36%; P<0.05), and cartilage thinning with narrowing of the joint space (RA 46%-SA 18%; P<0.05) proved to be more frequent MRI findings in patients with RA. Additionally, in patients with RA erosions were more extensive. Follow-up MRI examinations of 19 patients revealed an improvment in MRI changes in SA within an average interval of 6 months. No substantial changes were noted in 7 of 13 RA patients. Quantitative and qualitative MRI findings of knee arthritis differ in patients with RA and SA and this was statistically significant. However, as there is considerable overlap of the MRI and radiographic changes in both groups the discriminating diagnostic value in the individual case was limited.Dedicated to Professor Dr. W. Wenz on his 65th birthday  相似文献   

18.
Summary The aim of this study was to evaluate magnetic resonance images (MRI) of the wrist of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. MRI and plain X-ray of the wrists were performed in 15 patients with RA, 7 patients with another chronic inflammatory joint disease (CIJD), and 10 control subjects. Patients had only minor changes on plain X-ray. Coronal T1 weighted spin echo sequences were performed before and after an intravenous pulse of gadolinium (GD). Contiguous 3 mm thick slices were obtained. Synovitis was frequently objectivized in the two groups of patients. MRI detected far more erosions and central bone geodes than plain X-ray. Geodes were frequent among controls while cortical bone erosions were frequent in patients. Most of the erosions were enhanced after GD injection in the RA patients but not in the 2 other groups. Thus MRI is not only useful in diagnosing inflammatory changes of the wrist but also in distinguishing early stage RA from other CIJD.  相似文献   

19.
目的 探讨低场磁共振成像 (MRI)在检测骨关节炎 (OA)早期软骨退变的表现及其价值。方法 选用新西兰大白兔 32只 ,右侧膝关节腔内注射 0 1ml木瓜蛋白酶溶液 (5U) ,建立OA早期软骨退变的动物模型。并在注药前及注药后 2 4、4 8、72h行双侧膝关节矢状面GE准T2 WI、SE T1WI、SE PDWI、SE T2 WI序列成像 ,取关节软骨组织作蛋白多糖含量测定和组织病理学检查。结果 注射木瓜蛋白酶后 2 4、4 8h ,关节软骨明显变薄 ,磁共振 (MR)信号强度明显降低。与对照组比较 ,两者差异均有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。至注药后 72h关节软骨的厚度及信号强度已基本恢复正常。与对照组比较 ,两者差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。关节软骨蛋白多糖含量测定及组织学检查结果表明 ,注射木瓜蛋白酶后 2 4、4 8h ,蛋白多糖含量明显降低 ,至注药后 72h ,蛋白多糖含量已逐渐恢复。软骨细胞均未见异常改变。结论 通过MR检查 ,可发现早期的软骨退变。  相似文献   

20.
OBJECTIVE: To compare ultrasonography (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in their capability to detect bone erosions in early-advanced rheumatoid arthritis, where no erosion was evident on conventional radiography (X-ray). METHODS: Metacarpophalangeal (MCP), radiocarpal and ulnocarpal joints of 13 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, with bone erosion that was not detected by conventional X-ray, were examined by US and MRI. Ten controls underwent examination of the same joints by US. RESULTS: None of the controls showed bone erosions at US examination. No significant difference between US and MRI in detecting bone erosion was observed in wrist joints, whereas a significantly higher number of erosions was detected by US in MCP joints. CONCLUSION: US is at least as sensitive as MRI in detecting bone erosions in MCP and wrist joints. Since US examination is a more easily available and less expensive procedure than MRI, our findings justify its use as a diagnostic tool for early arthritis. In addition US may also be utilized in the follow up of patients with an established diagnosis of inflammatory arthritis.  相似文献   

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