《血吸虫病健康教育盒》的研制与预试验

目的研制科学、直观、方便、具有针对性的新型血防健康教育材料,并检验其对目标人群的适用性.方法将实物标本和图片有机结合,制作成<血吸虫病健康教育盒>.采用专题小组讨论和把关人咨询两种方法对材料进行预试验.结果根据目标受众信息的需求,采用了主要信息5条:血吸虫病的传播;血吸虫病的危害;儿童血吸虫病的预防;成年妇女血吸虫病的预防;血吸虫病要早检查早治疗.另采用血吸虫病防治的二级信息4条.结论研制的<血吸虫病健康教育盒>可批量制作,供疫区使用.     

《血吸虫病防治知识与行为题库》的信度、效度分析

目的评价《血吸虫病防治知识与行为题库》预试验调查问卷的信度、效度。方法基于该问卷在血吸虫病流行区283人的调查资料和150人的重测资料,计算了该问卷的内部信度、重测信度、客观信度和结构效度。结果各条目客观信度和重测信度的Spearman相关系数均>0.6,P均<0.01;Cronbach’Sα系数=0.7761;对15个条目进行因子分析,产生2个公因子,它们总共能解释总体方差的61.24%,而且所有条目在相应因子上的因子负荷均>0.4。结论该问卷信度、效度良好,具较好的可靠性和有效性,可为题库在全国范围的进一步应用提供参考。     

沿江船民血吸虫病防治知识和行为调查

目的 目的 了解沿江船民血吸虫病预防相关知识和行为, 为制定船民血吸虫病防治措施提供依据。方法 方法 在常州市新北区沿江船民聚集地, 采用问卷调查的方法对船民进行血防知识和行为调查, 分析比较不同性别、 年龄和文化程度人群间血防知识知晓率和正确行为形成率的差异。结果 结果 共调查船只231条, 船民702名。人群总的血防知识知晓率为 84.19%, 不同文化程度人群血防知识知晓率的差异有统计学意义 （χ2 = 14.42, P < 0.05）。人群总的血防正确行为形成率为 43.16%, 其中不同性别和不同年龄组人群之间的差异有统计学意义 （χ2 性别 = 21.95,χ2 年龄 = 15.00, P均 < 0.05）。粪便直排水中的船只占94.81%。结论 结论 沿江船民的血防正确行为形成率较低, 应加强对船民的血防健康促进。     

传播阻断地区人群血吸虫病防治知识态度行为现状

目的观察传播阻断地区人群血防知识、态度和行为(KAP)现状,为制定预防血吸虫病再流行干预对策提供依据。方法统一设计调查表,采用问卷法调查江西省上高县传播阻断地区608名居民血防KAP。结果居民各项血防知识知晓率均<25.00%,拒绝血吸虫病检查者、从未查螺者、从未报螺者分别占52.30%、95.23%、97.86%。结论传播阻断地区居民血防意识大多淡漠,必须采取针对性的健康教育干预,提高居民血吸虫病检查和查螺报螺的依从性,预防血吸虫病再度流行。     

上海市闵行区居民血吸虫病防治知识水平调查

血吸虫病是一种对人畜危害严重的寄生虫病,被列为世界范围内危害最为严重的6大热带病之一。血吸虫感染与人们的生活、工作方式等有着非常密切的关系,让人群充分了解本病的相关预防知识,改变不良的生活和生产方式,对防制血吸虫病有着非常重要的意义。上海市闵行区已达到血吸虫病     

《血吸虫病健康教育年历》研制与预试验

目的研制以《年历》形式传播血吸虫病防治信息的健康教育材料,并检验其对目标受众的适用性。方法依托春节喜庆画面传播主题血防信息,根据血吸虫病传播的环节和特点,把月历和相应的血防信息巧妙结合,制作成《血吸虫病健康教育年历》。采用专题小组讨论和把关人咨询两种方法对材料进行预试验。结果材料设计基本达到目标要求,但有些月历画面和传播信息尚须修改。结论经修改后的《血吸虫病健康教育年历》可发放疫区使用。     

浙江省血吸虫病防治现状与对策

目的：分析浙江省达到血吸虫病传播阻断标准后，转入监测巩固阶段的全少血防现状，提出今后防治对策。方法：以1996－2000年螺情、病情监测资料进行分析，提出防治策略和措施。结果：防治现状为查螺投工减少，有螺面积连年上升，但未发现阳性钉螺；有螺环境复杂，灭螺难度大，钉螺再现率高；未发现新感染和急性感染病人，但传染源并非完全清除。建议因地制宜，分类指导，突出重点，采取相应的防治策略。为保证监测工作质量，巩固血防成果，应加强对血防工作的领导、部门间职责、血防队伍的建设、健康教育、科学研究、流动人口查治病等。结论：浙江省虽已达到血吸虫病传播阻断标准，但该病流行的潜在因素依然存在。     

基层血防人员工作手册预试验

目的检验《基层血防人员工作手册(试用本)》编写的科学性、实用性、可行性、可理解性和可接受性。方法随机选择江西省2个血吸虫病传播未控制县27名乡级和村级医生为预试验对象,采用“专题小组讨论”法对《手册》进行预试验。结果认为《手册》具有科学性、实用性、可行性、可理解性和可接受性的预试验对象比例分别为59.26%、85.19%、55.56%、51.85%和92.59%,并提出修改、完善的意见与建议。结论修改和完善后的《手册》可定稿印制,发放基层血防人员使用。     

安徽省血防管理信息系统的构建

目的构建安徽省血吸虫病防治信息管理系统,以提高血防信息管理的工作质量和效率。方法采用VisualFoxpro6.0作为编程语言,建立安徽省血防管理信息系统。结果建立了血防信息数据库,构建了具有数据输入、汇总、查询、打印等数据管理功能的血防信息管理系统。结论该系统界面友好、操作简单,易于推广使用,可及时了解安徽省血吸虫病疫情和血防工作开展情况。     

湖北省引江济汉工程区移民血吸虫病认知情况及其相关行为调查

目的了解湖北省引江济汉工程区移民对血吸虫病的认知情况,并调查其相关行为。方法采用按比例分层随机抽样的方法对工程区移民进行抽样,应用问卷调查和口头访问结合的形式,开展关于血吸虫病认知情况及相关行为的调查。结果共调查1010名移民,回收有效问卷1005份,知道当地有血吸虫病者占92.7%,了解患病原因是接触疫水者占78.1%;53.0%的调查对象家中喂养牲畜,75.0%直接使用人畜粪便灌溉农田,51.6%喂养牲畜的方式为放养。14.2%日常生活中有饮用生水的习惯,23.4%曾在江、河水中游泳、玩耍。男性接触钉螺、饮用生水及曾在江、河中游泳等危险行为发生率较女性高。结论湖北省引江济汉工程区移民对血吸虫病的认知率及相关行为正确率还有待提高。     

Knowledge and behavior changes in clinician after training of partnership for Diabetes Control in Indonesia

Background and aimsOne of the main determinants of successful diabetes management is the quality of healthcare provider including general practitioner and internist which can be increased through medical training. This study aimed to describe the changes of clinician’s knowledge and behavior of comprehensive diabetes management training program around Indonesia.MethodWe conducted a three-day training program for general practitioners and internists for 3.5 years, 2013 to 2016. All clinicians invited as voluntary participant to send their patient data from medical record. Each participant was expected to submit a minimum of 25 type 2 diabetes (T2DM) set patient data before and 6 months after training program to analyze the impact of program in physician knowledge and behavior related to diabetes management.Result120 of 489 voluntary participants submitted completed baseline data with 4676 patient data. Meanwhile, only 32 participants that submitted completed data of 6 months before after training with 886 patient data. Most of parameters were improve before and after program. The greatest and lowest improvement were on A1c measurement (21%) and smoking assessment (2%).ConclusionIntensive seminar and training was not enough to empower diabetes management. This research might push the creation of clinical practice program that were tailored to each care facilities and integrated within routine care aimed at continual improvement of its healthcare worker.     

2007-2008四川省眉山及广汉市血吸虫病水利防治结果分析

目的了解水利血吸虫病防治措施,为建立水利血防措施评价指标提供依据。方法选择眉山市东坡区秦家镇马桥村水利血防工程和广汉市连山镇石门村中沟环改水利血防工程以及工程所在村的其他非工程沟渠,用GPS测试沟渠坐标,采用系统抽样法,框距10m,检获的钉螺压碎镜检。选择眉山市东坡区马桥村和广汉市石门村的常住人口,抽取665岁常住居民不少于300名,采用间接血凝试验IHA进行筛查,全部血检阳性者以Kato-Katz法进行病原学检查。结果石门村中沟环改工程片区2007年硬化段沟渠两岸沿线调查,有螺框出现率为0.16%,平均活螺密度0.0015只/框(每框=0.11m2)。未硬化段调查,有螺框出现率7.84%,平均活螺密度0.2只/框。2008年硬化段沟渠两岸沿线调查,有螺框出现率0.77%,活螺密度0.014只/框,未硬化段调查,有螺框出现2%,活螺平均密度0.059只/框。马桥村水利血吸虫病防治工程片区2007年硬化段两岸沿线调查,有螺框出现率0.21%,活螺平均密度0.002只/框。未硬化段调查,有螺框出现率0.96%,活螺平均密度0.096只/框。2008年硬化段两岸沿线调查,有螺框出现率0.20%,捕获活螺2只,活螺平均密度0.04只/框。血检阳性人群主要分布在2635岁及56岁以上两个年龄组,粪检阳性人群均分布在36岁以上年龄组。结论工程修建前沟渠有螺框出现率显著高于工程修建后沟渠,硬化沟渠对控制钉螺生长,降低钉螺密度有很好的效果。     

Effects of HIV-Prevention Interventions for Samples with Higher and Lower Percents of Latinos and Latin Americans: A Meta-Analysis of Change in Condom Use and Knowledge

This meta-analysis (N=110,092) assessed the efficacy of HIV-prevention interventions across samples with higher and lower concentrations of Latinos/Latin Americans. Findings indicated that groups with higher percents of Latinos increased condom and HIV-related knowledge to a lesser extent than groups with lower percents of Latinos/ Latin Americans. Moreover, groups with greater percents of Latinos/Latin Americans only benefited from intervention strategies that included threat-inducing arguments, whereas groups with lower percents of Latinos/Latin Americans benefited from numerous strategies. In addition, groups with greater percents of Latinos/Latin Americans increased condom use when interventions were conducted by a lay community member, whereas groups with lower percents of these groups increased condom use the most in response to experts. Not surprisingly, there were important differences among Latinos/Latin Americans with different education levels, different genders, and US/Latin American nationality.     

日本血吸虫病防治技术的探索与思考

本文从理论到实践简要阐述了日本血吸虫病防治及其技术探索的难度,并分析了我国现行血防技术的不足和所面临的主要问题。为巩固我国血防已取得的成效,早日实现传播阻断目标,提出了应优先加强研究的血防技术内容。     

Schistosomiasis in a migrating population in the lake region of China and its potential impact on control operation

Coverage of migrating people in schistosomiasis control program is a growing concern in China. Schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma japonicum is still one of the major infectious diseases of public health importance in China though tremendous efforts have been made to control the transmission over the past decades. Along with the rapid social-economic development, migrant population has been remarkably increasing across the country. The infected migrants may introduce a new souse of infection to endemic areas or the areas where the transmission had been controlled or interrupted but the intermediate host Oncomelania snail is still present. Preliminary studies for surveillance on schistosomiasis prevalence in migrants were reported, but there is little basic information provided. We carried out an investigation on the prevalence in immigrants, emigrants and permanent residents in three villages of Hunan province located in the main endemic area of lake region, and analyzed the potential impact of migration on control practice. In the study villages, the migrant population accounts for 53.6% of the total. Schistosoma infection was detected by modified Kato-Katz method and miracidium hatching test. Questionnaire survey was conducted comprising knowledge of disease and its transmission, water contact, personal protective measures, and whether examined and treated after water contact. The survey indicated that the migrants and permanent residents had similar life style, and the majority of them experienced water contact in agricultural work or routine life activities. However, the infection rate in immigrants was significantly higher than that in permanent residents. It was also found that the migrants had significantly less knowledge about the disease than the permanent residents, and took no personal protective measures. This is due to that the control program could not cover the migrants when they were absent at the time the program being implemented. The present study suggested that the surveillance and intervention for migrants, immigrants in particular, should be included and strengthened in schistosomiasis control program and a feasible scheme be developed.     

通过数学模型预测和评价血吸虫病控制措施效应的理论探讨

目的 通过数学模型对日本血吸虫病控制规律的理论探讨，试图为我国血吸虫病的防治提供理论参考。 方法 应用Barbour血吸虫病双宿主模型，以20世纪50年代上海郊区血吸虫病流行水平高低不同的两个自然村为研究对象，通过计算机模拟，预测和比较有关控制措施的效应。 结果 在患病率较高时，人牛同步化疗可迅速降低各项疾病指标。化学灭螺可增强化疗的效果。环境灭螺可获得持久降低人和牛宿主的基本繁殖率和平衡患病率，甚至阻断传播的良好效果。抗血吸虫产卵力的牛疫苗具有巩固人牛化疗效果的作用。在不进行灭螺的情况下，人牛化疗合并人的行为干预和牛接种疫苗，同样可获得很好的控制传播效果。在传播速率、基本繁殖率和流行水平较低的地区，各项控制措施效果较上述3项指标高的地区好得多，控制也容易得多。 结论 借助Barbour 血吸虫病传播数学模型能够粗略地评价和比较控制措施的效应。