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1.
高敏C-反应蛋白及颈动脉粥样硬化与急性脑梗死的关系   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的 探讨和分析血清高敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)及颈动脉粥样硬化与急性脑梗死的关系.方法 选取59例急性脑梗死患者为脑梗死组,同期选择健康体检者30例为对照组,测定血清hs-CRP含量,应用颈动脉彩色多普勒超声检查颈动脉粥样硬化斑块及颈动脉内膜-中膜厚度(IMT).同时对急性脑梗死患者血清hs-CRP水平与病情进行相关分析.结果 血清hs-CRP脑梗死组为(5.96±1.52)mg/L高于对照组的(1.78±1.02)mg/L(t=15.383,P<0.01);颈动脉斑块检出率急性脑梗死组为77.97%,高于对照组的36.67%(x2=12.92,P<0.01);颈动脉IMT脑梗死组(1.18±0.17)mm高于对照组的(1.02±0.15)mm(t=4.544,P<0.05);神经功能缺损程度重型组血清hs-CRP水平[(15.68±1.45)mg/L]明显高于轻型组[(1.88±0.34)mg/L]和中型组[(4.16±1.39)mg/L](t值为37.217和25.243,P<0.01).结论 血清hs-CRP水平升高对急性动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死病变有临床意义,早期测定hs-CRP水平有助于评估急性脑梗死患者的病情及预后.  相似文献   

2.
目的 探讨急性脑梗死患者颈动脉斑块与高敏C反应蛋白 (hs-CRP)及IL-6的关系.方法 急性脑梗死患者180例, 应用颈动脉彩色多普勒超声检查颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT),分为斑块组(IMT≥1.2 mm)78例与非斑块组(IMT<1.2 mm)102例,检测各组血清hs-CRP及IL-6水平.结果 斑块组患者hs-CRP、IL-6水平显著高于非斑块组(P<0.01或<0.05),患者hs-CRP水平与血糖、IL-6水平、斑块性质及梗死灶大小有关.结论 急性脑梗死患者检测血hs-CRP、IL-6水平有重要的临床价值.  相似文献   

3.
目的 探讨颈动脉斑块性质及高敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)、基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)与急性脑梗死的关系.方法 应用彩色多普勒超声仪检测急性梗死病人(n=31)及年龄相近的无症状颈动脉斑块病人(n=42)颈动脉内膜中膜厚度(IMT)、斑块类型,同时测定血清的hsCRP、MMP=9水平.结果 急性脑梗死组及无症状颈动脉斑块组颈动脉IMT均明显增厚,两组颈动脉狭窄率差异无统计学意义;急性脑梗死组斑块以软斑为主,无症状颈动脉斑块组以硬斑为主.急性脑梗死组各亚组hsCRP水平均高于无症状颈动脉斑块组相应的亚组[急性脑梗死组狭窄率≥50%亚组:(12.0±4.6)mg/L比无症状颈动脉斑块组狭窄率≥50%亚组(9.3±4.4)mg/L,P<0.05;急性脑梗死组狭窄率<50%亚组(7.8±4.6)mg/L比无症状颈动脉斑块组狭窄率<50%亚组(4.2±2.4)mg/L,P<0.05];颈动脉狭窄程度越高,血清hsCRP水平越高;无症状颈动脉斑块组狭窄率≥50%亚组:(9.3±4.4)mg/L比无症状颈动脉斑块组狭窄率<50%亚组:(4.2±2.4)mg/L,P<0.05];急性脑梗死组MMP-9水平均高于无症状颈动脉斑块组[急性脑梗死组两个亚组(256.4±87.6)和(243.8±31.3)μg/L比无症状颈动脉斑块组两个亚组(158.6±76.4)和(147.4±26.4)μg/L,P<0.05];软斑病人hsCRP、MMP-9水平明显高于非软斑组[hsCRP,软斑组(12.2±3.1)比非软斑组(5.0±3.4)mg/L,P<0.01;MMP-9,软斑组(263.4±39.5)比非软斑组(152.6±51.7)μg/L,P<0.01].且软斑组hsCRP与MMP-9呈正相关(r=0.67,P<0.01).结论 软斑为急性脑梗死的重要危险因素;hsCRP与MMP-9增高,提示斑块软化破裂以及炎症因素是急性脑梗死重要发病机制.  相似文献   

4.
目的:探讨血清高敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)对临床急性脑梗塞风险的预测价值。方法:选择我院诊断为急性脑梗塞的122例患者为脑梗塞组,另选择同期入院健康体检的122例非急性脑梗死患者为非脑梗死组。比较两组颈动脉内-中膜厚度(IMT)、斑块位置及hsCRP水平,并分析不同IMT厚度及斑块类型与hsCRP水平的关系。结果:与非脑梗死组比较,脑梗死组IMT增厚(1.6%比19.7%)、颈动脉粥样硬化斑块(15.6%比69.7%)、不稳定斑块比例(8.2%比60.7%)明显升高(P均=0.001);在脑梗死患者中,与IMT正常患者比较,IMT增厚和IMT斑块形成患者hsCRP水平明显升高[(4.7±1.6)mg/L比(8.5±2.5)mg/L比(12.6±3.9)mg/L],且IMT斑块形成患者hsCRP水平明显高于IMT增厚者(P均=0.001);不稳定斑块患者hsCRP水平明显高于稳定斑块患者[(13.7±2.7)mg/L比(9.1±2.1)mg/L,P=0.001]。结论:于脑梗塞组和非脑梗死组,与IMT正常患者比较,IMT增厚和IMT斑块形成患者hsCRP水平明显升高,不稳定斑块患者hsCRP水平又明显高于稳定斑块患者,hsCRP可作为临床颈动脉硬化和急性脑梗塞风险预测指标。  相似文献   

5.
目的探讨颈动脉斑块性质及高敏 C 反应蛋白(hsCRF)、基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)与急性脑梗死的关系。方法应用彩色多普勒超声仪检测急性梗死病人(n=31)及年龄相近的无症状颈动脉斑块病人(n=42)颈动脉内膜中膜厚度(IMT)、斑块类型,同时测定血清的 hsCRP、MMP-9水平。结果急性脑梗死组及无症状颈动脉斑块组颈动脉 IMT 均明显增厚,两组颈动脉狭窄率差异无统计学意义;急性脑梗死组斑块以软斑为主,无症状颈动脉斑块组以硬斑为主。急性脑梗死组各亚组 hsCRP 水平均高于无症状颈动脉斑块组相应的亚组[急性脑梗死组狭窄率≥50%亚组:(12.0±4.6)mg/L 比无症状颈动脉斑块组狭窄率≥50%亚组(9.3±4.4)mg/L,P<0.05;急性脑梗死组狭窄率<50%亚组(7.8±4.6)mg/L 比无症状颈动脉斑块组狭窄率<50%亚组(4.2±2.4)mg/L,P<0.05];颈动脉狭窄程度越高,血清 hsCRP 水平越高;无症状颈动脉斑块组狭窄率≥50%亚组:(9.3±4.4)mg/L比无症状颈动脉斑块组狭窄率<50%亚组:(4.2±2.4)mg/L,P<0.05];急性脑梗死组 MMP-9水平均...  相似文献   

6.
目的探讨血清单核细胞趋化蛋白1(MCP-1)、血管内皮细胞钙黏蛋白(VE-cadherin)水平与脑梗死进展及颈动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法选取112例急性脑梗死患者作为脑梗死组,其中进展性脑梗死37例,非进展性脑梗死75例;颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)正常19例、IMT增厚17例及斑块76例,同时选择健康体检者49例作为对照组。比较各组血清MCP-1、VE-cadherin水平。结果脑梗死组血清MCP-1[(305.21±32.17)ng/L vs(217.70±23.33)ng/L]和VE-cadherin[(6.12±1.11)mg/L vs(3.95±0.40)mg/L]均高于对照组(P0.05)。与非进展性脑梗死比较,进展性脑梗死患者血清MCP-1[(317.23±29.64)ng/L vs(299.28±31.89)mg/L]、VE-cadherin[(6.53±1.06)mg/L vs(5.92±1.09)mg/L]水平升高,颈动脉斑块检出率升高(86.5%vs 58.7%),斑块以混合回声与低回声斑块为主;斑块患者血清MCP-1、VE-cadherin水平高于IMT正常与IMT增厚患者。结论进展性脑梗死患者血清MCP-1、VE-cadherin水平高,提示其与动脉粥样硬化程度及斑块稳定性有一定关系。  相似文献   

7.
目的探讨急性脑梗死患者超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)表达水平与颈动脉粥样硬化性斑块发生的相关性。方法选取2010年6月—2012年3月住院治疗的急性脑梗死患者178例为研究对象,同时选取同期健康人60名作为对照组。分别检测不同观察者hs-CRP表达水平,对比分析急性脑梗死患者与对照组hs-CRP水平。对于急性脑梗死患者按照颈动脉内-中膜厚度(IMT)、斑块类型分组,对比分析不同组别间hs-CRP水平,分析hs-CRP与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块发生的相关性。结果急性脑梗死组患者血清hs-CRP表达水平为(7.87±3.94)mg/L,组间对比发现,急性脑梗死组的hs-CRP表达水平显著升高;斑块形成组患者的hsCRP表达水平最高,达到(12.40±3.57)mg/L,与IMT正常组、内膜增厚组相比显著升高,且内膜增厚组患者的hs-CRP水平与IMT正常组相比也显著升高;不稳定斑块组的血清hs-CRP表达水平为(14.63±3.41)mg/L,与稳定斑块组患者相比显著升高。结论急性脑梗死患者血清hs-CRP的表达水平显著升高,同时hs-CRP表达水平与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的形成及其稳定性程度间存在相关性。  相似文献   

8.
目的观察颈动脉粥样硬化吸烟患者血清高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)变化,并分析其在不同动脉粥样硬化亚型中的差异,探讨其临床意义。方法纳入颈动脉粥样硬化的吸烟患者298例为吸烟组,颈动脉粥样硬化的非吸烟患者120例为非吸烟组,无颈动脉粥样硬化的健康吸烟者50例和非吸烟者50例分别为对照1组和对照2组。采用胶体强化免疫比浊法检测各组血清hs-CRP水平。吸烟组再按斑块是否为稳定分为稳定性斑块及不稳定性斑块,分析吸烟对颈动脉粥样硬化患者hs-CRP水平的影响。结果吸烟组血清hs-CRP水平明显高于非吸烟组[(7.26±4.24)mg/L vs(3.56±2.28)mg/L],对照1组hs-CRP水平高于对照2组[(4.34±2.74)mg/L vs(3.17±1.68)mg/L],差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。吸烟指数与血清hs-CRP水平呈显著正相关(r=0.395,P0.01)。不稳定性斑块患者的每日吸烟量、吸烟时间及吸烟指数明显高于稳定性斑块患者(P0.05),高hs-CRP水平吸烟患者发生缺血及脑卒中复发事件比例显著高于低hs-CRP水平患者(11.36%vs 2.00%,P0.01)。结论吸烟可导致颈动脉粥样硬化患者血清hs-CRP水平增高,其可能与斑块的稳定性及缺血性脑卒中的复发密切相关。  相似文献   

9.
目的探讨血清同型半胱氨酸水平与急性脑梗死TOAST分型及颈动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性的相关性。方法选择急性脑梗死患者163例(病例组),按照TOAST分型,小动脉闭塞性(SAA)44例,大动脉粥样硬化性(LAA)39例,心源性脑栓塞(CE)27例,其他原因(SOE)17例,原因不明(SUE)36例。病例组根据美国心脏病协会标准颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)<1.0mm为正常,23例,IMT≥1.0mm为增厚,39例,局部IMT>1.2mm并突向管腔为斑块形成,101例;又根据斑块稳定性分为稳定斑块86例,不稳定斑块77例。同期选择我院门诊健康体检者156例(对照组)。采用全自动生化分析仪测定2组血清同型半胱氨酸水平。比较不同TOAST分型及颈动脉斑块稳定性患者血清同型半胱氨酸水平差异。结果病例组同型半胱氨酸水平明显高于对照组[(23.66±6.11)μmol/L vs(10.25±5.13)μmol/L,P<0.05]。LAA患者同型半胱氨酸和NIHSS评分明显高于SAA、CE、SOE、SUE患者(P<0.05)。同型半胱氨酸水平与NIHSS评分呈正比(r=0.765,P<0.01)。颈动脉内膜增厚和斑块形成患者同型半胱氨酸水平明显高于IMT正常患者[(23.59±3.65)μmol/L、(27.64±2.13)μmol/L vs (19.68±2.13)μmol/L,P<0.05],且斑块形成患者同型半胱氨酸水平明显高于内膜增厚患者(P<0.05)。不稳定斑块患者同型半胱氨酸水平明显高于稳定斑块患者[(26.28±3.49)μmol/L vs(22.39±4.84)μmol/L,P<0.05]。多元logistic逐步回归分析显示,同型半胱氨酸和NIHSS评分为颈动脉斑块不稳定的独立危险因素(P<0.01)。结论同型半胱氨酸水平升高与急性脑梗死LAA病情严重程度及神经功能损伤密切相关;同型半胱氨酸水平与颈动脉斑块的性质及稳定性相关,可作为临床上检测急性脑梗死病情进展的敏感生物学标志物。  相似文献   

10.
目的探讨急性脑梗死患者血清可溶性巨噬细胞趋化因子配体16(CXCL16)水平与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块不稳定性及预后的关系。方法选择40例急性颈内动脉系统脑梗死患者为病例组,其中稳定斑块9例和不稳定斑块31例,同期健康体检者40例为对照组,应用颈动脉超声评估颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的形态学特点,ELISA法检测2组不同时间血清CXCL16水平。结果病例组发病72h血清CXCL16水平显著高于对照组[(5.00±1.77)ng/L vs(4.28±0.74)ng/L,P<0.05];不稳定斑块患者发病72h及1周时血清CXCL16水平显著高于稳定斑块患者(P<0.01);复发患者发病72h及1周时血清CXCL16水平明显高于未复发患者[(6.24±1.26)ng/L vs(4.68±1.92)ng/L,(5.55±1.23)ng/L vs(4.25±1.51)ng/L,P<0.05]。结论血清CXCL16水平在脑梗死急性期升高,与动脉粥样硬化斑块的稳定性密切相关,可能提示预后不良。  相似文献   

11.
Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.  相似文献   

12.
The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin   总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19  
Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.  相似文献   

13.
Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm2) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.  相似文献   

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15.
Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.  相似文献   

16.
Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.  相似文献   

17.
Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease   总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0  
PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.  相似文献   

18.
Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.  相似文献   

19.
Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.  相似文献   

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