肝硬化患者急性肾损伤的临床特点及危险因素分析北大核心CSCD

目的 探讨肝硬化患者急性肾损伤(AKI)的临床特点及其危险因素.方法 临床资料完整的1165例慢性肝病患者纳入研究.其中,慢性肝炎94例,肝硬化1 071例.AKI诊断按国际腹水俱乐部推荐的标准.以慢性肝炎患者为对照,回顾性分析肝硬化患者AKI临床特点,采用logistic回归分析肝硬化患者发生AKI的危险因素.结果 慢性肝炎、肝硬化患者AKI发生率分别为4.26% (4/94)、11.11%(119/1 071).肝硬化Child A、B、C级患者AKI发生率分别为3.77%(18/477)、10.88% (41/377)、27.65%(60/217).合并感染(OR=5.37,95%CI 3.24-8.90,P=0.000)、慢加急性/亚急性肝衰竭(ACLF)(OR=4.55,95%CI 2.60-7.98,P=0.000)、糖尿病(OR=1.70,95%CI 1.07-2.70,P=0.024)是肝硬化患者发生AKI的独立危险因素.肝硬化AKI患者2个月内病死率为36.97%,其中AKIⅠ期、Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期病死率分别为20.31%、36.00%、73.33% .Ⅰ期AKI中71.88%患者可恢复,而Ⅲ期中13.33%患者恢复.结论 感染、ACLF、合并糖尿病是肝硬化患者发生AKI的独立危险因素,肝硬化患者中Ⅲ期AKI患者病死率极高.     

慢加急性肝衰竭患者急性肾损伤的特点及其对预后的影响

目的 分析慢加急性肝衰竭(ACLF)患者急性肾损伤(AKI)的临床特点及其影响AKI发生的危险因素。方法 选取2019年1月至2022年7月无锡市第五人民医院收治的ACLF患者作为研究对象，根据是否发生AKI分为ACLF-非AKI组、ACLF-AKI组。ACLF、AKI诊断符合要求，比较ACLF-非AKI组、ACLF-AKI组临床资料，采用多变量分析影响ACLF患者AKI的危险因素。比较不同结局AKI患者临床资料。结果 共纳入ACLF患者117例，其中ACLF-非AKI组73例、ACLF-AKI组44例。ACLF-非AKI组年龄、高血压、消化道出血、细菌感染、WBC、TBil、INR、PT、Scr、血清K+、CTP评分、MELD评分及90 d病死率分别为(49.3±7.9)岁、7例(9.6%)、9例(12.3%)、8例(10.9%)、(7.0±1.4)×10⁹/L、(213.6±69.2)μmol/L、(2.2±0.9)、(33.3±2.9)s、(60.6±18.4)μmol/L、(3.8±0.6)mmol/L、(11.0±1.6)分、(17.9±3.7)分和16...     

异基因造血干细胞移植后患者急性肾损伤的危险因素及预后分析

目的:分析异基因造血干细胞移植术(HSCT)后急性肾损伤(AKI)患者的临床资料、危险因素及预后,以提高HSCT患者AKI的早期诊疗水平,改善HSCT患者预后。方法:回顾性分析2010年1月至2012年12月于苏州大学附属第一医院血液科行HSCT的患者407例,观察移植前与移植后100d内肾功能变化,移植预处理方案及并发症,并随访观察1年。按AKI网络标准分为无AKI(NAKI)组和AKI组,通过Spearman相关性分析及Logistic回归分析筛选出AKI的危险因素。结果:407例患者中,NAKI组323例,发生AKI的患者84例(20.6%),其中AKIⅠ期59例,AKIⅡ期10例,AKIⅢ期15例。Logistic回归分析结果显示,人类白细胞抗原(HLA)不完全匹配、清髓性预处理、移植后并发症(败血症、肝静脉闭塞综合征)是HSCT后患者并发AKI的危险因素(P0.05);1年后,107例(26.3%)HSCT患者死亡,其中NAKI组患者64例,AKIⅠ期患者26例,AKIⅡ期患者6例,AKIⅢ期患者11例,且死亡率随着AKI的严重程度逐渐增加。结论:AKI是HSCT后一种常见并发症,发生率为20.6%,HLA不完全匹配、清髓性预处理方式、移植后并发症(败血症、肝静脉闭塞综合征)是HSCT后患者发生AKI的危险因素。HSCT后并发AKI的患者死亡率显著高于NAKI患者,且1年的死亡率随着AKI的严重程度逐渐增加。     

急性肝衰竭并发急性肾损伤的危险因素及对近期预后的影响

目的研究急性肝衰竭(ALF)患者并发急性肾损伤(AKI)的危险因素及对近期预后的影响。方法应用新的国际腹水俱乐部(ICA)诊断标准,回顾性分析2008年1月至2015年6月于解放军第302医院住院的ALF患者并发AKI的发生率及近期预后。结果 167例ALF患者中并发AKI 66例,发生率为39.52%。其中肾实质性AKI 16例,占24.24%;肾前性AKI 15例,占22.73%;肝肾综合征(HRS-AKI)35例,占53.03%。66例AKI患者院内病死及无效53例(80.30%),恢复与好转13例(19.70%);非AKI患者101例,院内病死及无效31例(30.69%),恢复与好转70例(69.31%),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=37.338,P0.001)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、感染、TBil以及血氨升高是AKI的独立危险因素(OR值分别为1.054、4.255、3.599、3.540、5.454,P均0.05)。结论AKI是影响ALF近期预后的重要因素,年龄、感染、TBil以及血氨升高是AKI发生的独立危险因素。     

慢加急性肝衰竭发病诱因及其对预后的影响

目的探讨不同发病诱因所致慢加急性肝衰竭(ACLF)患者的预后差异和近10年发病诱因的变迁。方法回顾性收集2008年1月-2017年12月西安交通大学第一附属医院和西安市第八医医院住院治疗的537例ACLF患者的临床资料,包括年龄、性别、病因、发病诱因、转归(好转/死亡),并计算28 d病死率。计量资料2组间比较采用t检验;计数资料2组间比较采用χ2检验。Cox回归分析评价不同诱因对28 d病死率的影响。结果537例患者中HBV相关ACLF 511例(95.16%)、HCV相关ACLF 3例(0.56%)、酒精性肝炎相关肝衰竭2例(0.37%)、未分型18例(3.35%)、HBV/HCV重叠感染1例(0.19%),原发性胆汁性肝硬化相关ACLF 2例(0.37%)。537例ACLF患者中,34.8%无发病诱因,17.1%未规范治疗,16.0%为HBV-ACLF停用核苷类似物(NAS),9.7%饮酒,6.9%合并感染,手术和应用肝损药物分别占3%。手术、感染、停用NAS诱发的ACLF 28 d病死率与无诱因患者相比,差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为8.553、11.351、4.274,P值均<0.05)。手术[风险比(HR)及95%可信区间(95%):2.132(1.240~3.664)]、感染[HR及95%CI:1.942(1.262~2.989)]是诱发慢性肝病患者发生ACLF并死亡的独立危险因素(P值均<0.05)。后5年发病诱因与前5年发病诱因比较,药物诱发ACLF患者比例明显增高(χ2=6.365,P<0.05)。结论ACLF患者存在手术、感染、停用NAS诱因时,与无诱因患者比28 d病死率增高;手术和感染是ACLF患者死亡的独立危险因素;近5年药物诱发ACLF的比例明显增高。     

冠状动脉旁路移植术后急性肾损伤影响因素及预后

目的:分析冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)后急性肾损伤(AKI)发生的危险因素。方法:回顾性分析1 449例择期行CABG患者的临床资料,分析发生AKI的可能相关危险因素。结果:1 449例患者中,132例发生AKI(9.1%),AKI组术后30d死亡25例(18.9%),显著高于非AKI组的死亡率(0.2%)。Logistic回归分析显示:术后肺炎(OR=4.557 95%CI 2.186～9.499)、呼吸机应用36h (OR=3.953 95%CI 2.316～6.748)、二次气管插管(OR=4.038 95%CI 1.455～11.202)、切口感染(OR=5.605 95%CI 2.354～13.345)、体外循环时间(CPB)2h(OR=1.754 95%CI 1.115～2.759)(P0.05)是CABG术后AKI发生的独立危险因素。结论:CABG术后AKI显著增加术后30d死亡率,其独立危险因素包括CPB和呼吸机时间长、术后并发肺炎和切口感染等,临床上应积极采取针对措施以期改善预后。     

多黏菌素B在重症感染中的临床应用及导致急性肾损伤的危险因素

目的 探讨多黏菌素B(PMB)导致急性肾损伤(AKI)的发生率及危险因素。方法回顾性纳入静脉使用PMB患者98例，收集其性别、年龄、住院时间、PMB日均剂量、治疗结局、既往病史、感染部位、病原学资料、最低抑菌浓度(MIC)、基线血肌酐水平、PMB治疗48 h及PMB抗菌结束后血肌酐水平等临床资料。根据静脉使用PMB期间是否发生AKI将符合入组标准的75例PMB患者分为AKI组(10例)和非AKI组(65例)。采用多因素logistic回归分析探讨静脉使用PMB时AKI发生的危险因素。结果 98例静脉使用PMB患者感染部位以肺脏最多见(93例);病原学方面，痰培养阳性率26.08%,其中以耐碳青霉烯鲍曼不动杆菌最多见；血培养阳性率18.75%,其中以耐碳青霉烯肺炎克雷伯菌最多见。患者AKI发生率为13.3%。AKI组既往慢性肾脏病(CKD)患者比例高于非AKI组(P=0.001)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，既往CKD是静脉使用PMB时AKI发生的危险因素(P=0.004)。结论 我院静脉使用PMB患者AKI发生率为13.3%,既往CKD是PMB治疗过程中肾功能恶化的危险因素...     

HBV相关慢加急性肝衰竭患者感染特点及危险因素分析

目的分析HBV相关慢加急性肝衰竭患者感染特点、危险因素及对预后的影响。方法收集2015年1月1日至2018年12月31日在长海医院感染科诊断为HBV相关慢加急性肝衰竭的患者,据感染状态分组,诊断时感染(A组)、诊断时非感染(B组),住院时感染(C组),住院时非感染(D组)、全病程感染(E组)。分析各组临床特征及实验室检查,并应用多因素Logistic回归分析感染发生的危险因素。多组间计量资料比较采用K-Wallis H检验,计数资料比较采用χ~2检验,将单因素分析有意义的指标纳入多因素Logistic回归分析。结果 A、B组比较及C、D组比较在部分生化指标、ACLF分期、肝硬化基础、并发症方面有统计学差异(P0.05);感染类型以SBP最多见(34.08%),其次为肺部感染(8.68%)、菌血症(3.54%)、脓毒症(2.89%)。ACLF病程中未感染与伴发感染患者28 d、90 d病死率分别为(15.76%、39.23%vs 23.03%、56.18%,P0.05),有统计学差异。感染发生时间,在28 d病死率上有统计学差异(30.67%vs 17.48%,P0.05),90 d病死率无统计学差异(58.67%vs 54.37%,P 0.05)。多因素Logistic回顾分析显示PCT升高、出现腹水和两个或以上并发症,是住院期间发生感染的危险因素。结论各组患者在部分生化指标、肝脏基础、并发症及预后方面存在差异,感染类型以SBP、肺部感染、菌血症、脓毒症为主。住院患者需警惕PCT升高及出现腹水和多个并发症的情况,感染在ACLF中极为常见,与较差的临床结局及高病死率相关。     

肺移植术后急性肾损伤的危险因素及预后

目的:探讨肺移植术后急性肾损伤(AKI)的发生、预后及危险因素。方法:回顾性分析88例肺移植患者的临床资料,根据AKIN诊断标准分为AKI组和非AKI组,比较两组患者临床指标并分析其相关危险因素。同时,采用Kaplan-Meier曲线分析AKI对肺移植患者预后的影响。结果:(1)47例(53.40%)肺移植患者发生AKI。与非AKI组比较,AKI组患者术中平均动脉压水平低、术中失血量多、ECOM支持率低。(2)Logistic回归分析显示术中平均动脉压是肺移植术后AKI的独立危险因素,体外膜肺氧合(ECOM)支持是其保护因素。(3)肺移植术后AKI患者的6月生存率明显低于非AKI组(P=0.018),其五年生存率低于非AKI组(P=0.050)。结论:肺移植患者术后AKI发生率高,且与预后密切相关。适当提高术中平均动脉压和采用ECOM支持可预防AKI,改善患者预后。     

慢加急性肝衰竭与失代偿性肝硬化患者合并急性肾损伤的临床特点比较

目的比较慢加急性肝衰竭(ACLF)与失代偿性肝硬化(DC)患者急性肾损伤(AKI)的临床特点。方法回顾性收集ACLF和DC患者的人口学资料、临床检查结果、诊疗经过等信息。比较ACLF合并AKI与DC合并AKI的临床特点及其对90 d死亡风险的影响。结果比较ACLF-AKI和DC-AKI患者的临床特点,结果显示ACLF-AKI患者白细胞计数、中性粒细胞绝对值、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、总胆红素(TBil)均高于DC-AKI患者,凝血酶原活动度(PTA)、白蛋白低于DC-AKI患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);ACLF-AKI患者合并感染的比例显著高于DC-AKI组(96.9%对比39.5%)(P<0.05);在诊断AKI时,ACLF患者的血肌酐中位值为147μmol/L(IQR:122~189),而DC组患者的血肌酐中位值为123.5μmol/L(IQR:103.8~155.5),两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);按照肝硬化HRS-AKI诊断标准,在ACLF-AKI患者中44例(68.8%)符合HRS-AKI诊断,显著高于DC-AKI患者中HRS-AKI的比例[18例(47.4%)](P<0.05)。DC-AKI患者30 d内死亡或肝移植4例(10.5%)、90 d内死亡或肝移植8例(21.1%),而在ACLF-AKI患者中,22例患者(34.4%)30 d内死亡或肝移植、35例(54.7%)90 d内死亡或肝移植;显著高于DC-AKI患者,χ2值分别为7.140、11.062;P<0.05。多因素回归分析结果提示影响DC患者90 d死亡的独立危险因素有肝性脑病、消化道出血、TBil;而影响ACLF患者90 d死亡风险的独立危险因素包括AKI、PTA、TBil。结论与DC-AKI患者相比,ACLF-AKI患者中感染比例更高,诊断AKI时的血肌酐水平更高,病情进展更快,造成的死亡风险更大。     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

Serological survey of HIV and syphilis in pregnant women in Madagascar

Objectives Peripartal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, leads to severe consequences for newborns. Preventive measures require awareness of the maternal infection. Although HIV and syphilis testing in Madagascar could be theoretically carried out within the framework of the national pregnancy follow‐up scheme, the required test kits are rarely available at peripheral health centres. In this study, we screened blood samples of pregnant Madagascan women for HIV and syphilis seroprevalence to estimate the demand for systemic screening in pregnancy. Methods Retrospective anonymous serological analysis for HIV and syphilis was performed in plasma samples from 1232 pregnant women that were taken between May and July 2010 in Ambositra, Ifanadiana, Manakara, Mananjary, Moramanga and Tsiroanomandidy (Madagascar) during pregnancy follow‐up. Screening was based on Treponema pallidum haemagglutination tests for syphilis and rapid tests for HIV, with confirmation of positive screening results on line assays. Results Out of 1232 pregnant women, none were seropositive for HIV and 37 (3%) were seropositive for Treponema pallidum. Conclusions Our findings are in line with previous studies that describe considerable syphilis prevalence in the rural Madagascan population. The results suggest a need for screening to prevent peripartal Treponema pallidum transmission, while HIV is still rare. If they are known, Treponema pallidum infections can be easily, safely and inexpensively treated even in pregnancy to reduce the risk of transmission.     

Variabilité des concentrations plasmatiques de l’angiotensinogène et risque d’hypertension artérielle chez le rat transgénique

Aim

Genetic polymorphisms of the human angiotensinogen gene are frequent and may induce up to 30% increase of plasma angiotensinogen concentrations with a blood pressure increase of up to 5 mmHg. Their role for the pathogenesis of human arterial hypertension remains unclear. High plasma angiotensinogen levels could increase the sensitivity to other blood pressure stressors.

Methods

Male transgenic rats with a 9-fold increase of plasma angiotensinogen concentrations and male non-transgenic rats aged 10 weeks were treated or not with NG-Nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester for 3 weeks in their drinking water (n = 3/group). Systolic blood pressure and body weight were measured at baseline and at the end of the study when left ventricular weight and ventricular expression of angiotensin I-converting enzyme and procollagen Iα1 were determined (polymerase chain reaction).

Results

At baseline, transgenic rats had +18 mmHg higher bood pressure and –8% lower body weight compared to non-transgenic rats (P < 0.05) without significant changes for the vehicle groups throughout the study (P > 0.05). NG-Nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester increased blood pressure, left ventricular weight and left ventricular weight indexed for body weight by +41%, +17.6% and +18.6% (P < 0.05) in transgenic and +25%, +5.3% and +6.7% (P > 0.05) in non-transgenic rats compared to untreated animals, respectively. Cardiac gene expression showed no differences between groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Increased plasma angiotensinogen levels may sensitize to additional blood pressure stressors. Our preliminary results point towards an independent role of angiotensinogen in the pathogenesis of human hypertension and associated end-organ damage.     

Morphological and immunocytochemical heterogeneity of cultured pinealocytes from one-week-and two-month-old rats: Planimetric and densitometric investigations

Abstract: In vitro preparations of rat pinealocytes are widely used for biochemical analyses of signal transduction processes. This paper deals with morphological and immunocytochemical features of such preparations. Special attention was paid to the problems of whether pinealocytes represent a heterogeneous cell population and how such heterogeneity may develop during ontogeny. The investigations were performed with cells which were obtained from the pineal organ of one-week-and two-month-old rats, attached to synthetic peptide-coated coverslips or tissue culture chamber slides, and maintained under in vitro conditions overnight. The attached cells were then fixed with paraformaldehyde. These preparations yielded monolayers of spherical cells of different sizes; most cells were isolated, but some of them were aggregated and formed small clusters. On the average, the cells from the one-week-old animals were smaller than the cells from the two-month-old animals. Immunocytochemical demonstration of S-antigen, a pinealocyte-specific marker, showed that the majority of the cells from two-month-old animals were intensely or moderately labelled. Pinealocytes from one-week-old animals were less S-antigen immunoreactive. Only very few cells (less than 1% displayed glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-immunoreactivity. Planimetric investigations of the cell size and semiquantitative densitometric investigations of the intensity of the S-antigen immunoreaction revealed that (i) pinealocytes kept in vitro form a heterogeneous cell population, and that (ii) this heterogeneity increases during postnatal development from one-week-old to two-month-old animals. Two groups of pinealocytes can be distinguished based on their developmental fate: pinealocytes of one group grow dramatically, but show only a moderate increase in S-antigen immunoreactivity, and pinealocytes of the other group retain their size, but display a distinct increment in S-antigen immunoreacti vitv.     

Effects of pinealectomy and melatonin administration on certain indices of ovarian hyperplasia and/or hypertrophy in rats with both ovaries intact or after unilateral ovariectomy

Abstract: In earlier studies from other laboratories it was shown that melatonin decreased ovarian weight in rats and inhibited compensatory hypertrophy of the remaining ovary after unilateral ovariectomy. This study was designed to examine the influence of melatonin on certain indices of ovarian hyperplasia and/or hypertrophy in adult female rats with both ovaries preserved and with either an intact pineal gland or with the pineal gland removed (pinealectomy, PX) or, finally, in sham-PX animals. Similar studies were conducted on rats after unilateral ovariectomy, referring the examined parameters to the remaining intact ovary. The studies included mitotic activity of granulosa layer cells and corpus luteum cells, ovarian weight, ovarian cross-sectional area, cross-sectional area of the granulosa layer of all the Graafian follicles and the cross-sectional areas of the corpora lutea, visible on the ovarian cross-section. On the basis of results, we conclude that: 1) the effect of PX on the processes of ovarian hyperplasia and hypertrophy may vary; analogously, exogenous melatonin administration may influence ovarian hyperplasia and hypertrophy in different ways; 2) PX and exogenous melatonin may, under certain conditions, exert similar biological effects, even synergistic effects; 3) melatonin inhibits ovarian growth processes, while the effects of PX are variable; 4) the results indicate that in experiments performed on rats, with the use of two control groups, i.e., intact and sham-PX, melatonin effects on these two groups may differ.