女孩特发性性早熟血清瘦素测定及意义

目的 观察瘦素在女孩性发育过程中的变化及临床意义。方法 利用放射免疫分析法（RIA）测定20例特发性性早熟（ICPP）女孩（其中A1组10例为6－7^11/12岁，A2组10例为8－9^11/12岁）血清瘦素水平，并与正常同年龄对照组女孩比较。结果 （1）ICPP（A1、A2）组女孩血清瘦素水平较正常同年龄对照组女孩明显升高，且差异有显著性；（2）A1、A2二组之间瘦素水平则差异无显著性；（3）血清瘦素水平与其体重呈正相关。结论 性发育启动需要一定的体重及瘦素水平，瘦素很可能是性发育启动的一个允许因子，对性发育过程起了促进作用。     

瘦素与肥胖女孩特发性中枢性性早熟的关系

目的探讨瘦素对青春期启动的影响,瘦素与性腺轴激素之间的关系及其在肥胖女孩特发性中枢性性早熟(ICPP)发生中的作用。方法56例符合现行诊断标准的ICPP女孩,按是否肥胖分为2组:肥胖的ICPP组18例,非肥胖ICPP组38例,年龄匹配的青春期前儿童分为非肥胖未发育组25名,肥胖未发育组18名。测定其空腹血清瘦素、FSH、LH和雌二醇(E2)水平。结果与非肥胖未发育组血清瘦素浓度[(4.1±1.5)μg/L]比较,肥胖的ICPP组[(14.7±7.5)μg/L]、非肥胖的ICPP组[(8.8±5.1)μg/L]和肥胖未发育组[(8.0±5.3)μg/L]均明显升高(P<0.01或P<0.05);肥胖的ICPP组还明显高于肥胖未发育组及非肥胖的ICPP组(均P<0.05),但是肥胖未发育组及非肥胖的ICPP组之间差异无统计学意义。结论瘦素参与青春期发育的启动,肥胖女孩存在瘦素抵抗,肥胖女孩的高瘦素血症并非是引起其青春期发动提前的主要诱发因素。     

中老年2型糖尿病血清瘦素水平与超重或肥胖、血糖、胰岛素的关系

目的 研究中老年2型糖尿病（T2DM）肥胖与非肥胖患者血清瘦素与肥胖、血糖、胰岛素抵抗（IR）之间的关系。方法对样本人群进行体检并测定血清瘦素、空腹C肽（FCP）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）及血糖（FPG）等生化指标并对结果进行统计分析。结果 （1）T2DM组无论男女血清瘦素水平均显著高于对照组（P〈0．01），且女性组显著高于男性组（P〈0．01）；（2）T2DM超重或肥胖组血清瘦素水平显著高于非肥胖组且与腹型肥胖密切相关；（3）T2DMIR组血清瘦素水平显著高于胰岛素敏感组（P〈0．01），并与FINS、C肽呈正相关；（4）T2DM肥胖组血清瘦素水平与收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、糖化血红蛋白（HbAlc）、甘油三酯（TG）呈正相关。结论 T2DM血清瘦素水平与超重或肥胖、IR、长期的血压、TG及血糖的平均水平关系密切。减肥，改善瘦素抵抗，增加机体对瘦素的敏感性对治疗T2DM可能提供帮助。     

中国人血清瘦素水平与肥胖度的关系

目的研究１５～６８岁中国人血清瘦素（ｌｅｐｔｉｎ）水平与体脂、年龄、性别及睾酮的关系。方法用放射免疫分析法测定７７例正常非肥胖和２８例超重或肥胖个体〔体重指数（ＢＭＩ）≥２５〕的血清瘦素水平。结果中国人正常非肥胖者平均瘦素浓度男性为（２．１５±１．４６）μｇ／Ｌ,女性为（７．８６±３．６０）μｇ／Ｌ;超重或肥胖者平均瘦素浓度男性为（４．８７±３．４７）μｇ／Ｌ,女性为（１６．５９±６．９２）μｇ／Ｌ,女性均较男性高约２～３倍。血清瘦素水平与ＢＭＩ显著相关（男子ｒ＝０．６９,Ｐ＜０．００１;女子ｒ＝０．６３,Ｐ＜０．００１）,但２５％的肥胖个体仍存在有瘦素的相对性缺乏。结论血清瘦素水平与ＢＭＩ显著相关提示多数肥胖个体存在瘦素抵抗,部分瘦素相对性缺乏的肥胖者将有可能成为瘦素治疗的对象。     

代谢综合征患者血清抵抗素、瘦素、C反应蛋白与体重和胰岛素抵抗的相关性

目的探讨代谢综合征（MS）患者血清抵抗素、瘦素和C反应蛋白（C-RP）水平与血脂、中心性肥胖和胰岛素抵抗（IR）的关系。方法50例MS男性患者和20例年龄相匹配的正常男性对照者（NC）,按腰围将MS患者分为肥胖组和非肥胖组,测定受试者空腹血清抵抗素、瘦素、C-RP、身高、体重、腰围、臀围、血压、血糖、血脂及胰岛素,计算HOMA-IR。结果MS患者肥胖组、非肥胖组和NC组相比血清抵抗素、瘦素、C-RP水平明显升高。结论MS患者血清抵抗素、瘦素及C-RP水平均明显升高,且与肥胖及IR程度明显相关,因而抵抗素、C-RP、瘦素可能在MS的发生发展中有重要作用。     

多囊卵巢综合征患者血清瘦素水平测定的临床意义

目的探讨多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）患者血清瘦素水平测定的意义。方法采用ELISA法检测41例PCOS患者（PCOS组）及39例月经周期正常妇女（对照组）血清瘦素的水平，观察血清瘦素表达与年龄、BMI、体内激素水平等相关指标的关系。结果PCOS组血清瘦素水平明显高于对照组。对照组血清瘦素水平与BMI呈正相关，与T呈负相关；PCOS组血清瘦素与BMI、T、LH／FSH呈正相关。结论瘦素水平与体脂分布、T、LH／FSH有关，可能间接参与PCOS的发生。     

血清瘦素与原发性高血压和体脂及血脂的关系研究

目的 探讨血清瘦素浓度与原发性高血压患者血压水平及靶器官损害，性别，肥胖和脂质代谢的关系。方法 用放射免疫法检测68例原发性高血压患者和40例健康自愿者的血清瘦素浓度，同时检测甘油三脂（TG），总胆固水平和靶器官受累程度不同的原发性高血压以及性别，BMI，血脂的关系。结果 高血压组血清瘦素显著高于对照组（P＜0．05），且3级高血压血清瘦素显著高于2级高血压（P＜0．05），2级高血压血清瘦素显著高于1级高血压（P＜0．05），血清瘦素与SBP，DBP均呈直线正相关（P＜0．01，P＜0．05）；血清瘦素浓度与高血压靶器官损害病程度无关；女性瘦素显著高于男性（P＜0．01）；肥胖者血清瘦素显著高于非肥胖者（P＜0．05）；血清瘦素与TG呈直线正相关（P＜0．05），而与TC，HDL－C和HDL－C无关。结论 血清瘦素与血压水平相关，与高血压靶器官受损无相关性，与性别和TG有关，与BMI和TG呈正相关。》     

瘦素与急性胰腺炎的相关性研究

目的检测急性胰腺炎（AP）患者血清中瘦素和TNF-α浓度,探讨瘦素与急性胰腺炎及体重指数的关系。方法采用放射免疫法（RIA）检测20例急性胰腺炎患者的血清瘦素和TNF-α的水平,并分析其意义,对照组为37例肥胖者。结果在病例组中,瘦素水平明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）,血清瘦素水平与TNF-α、BMI均没有相关（P〉0.05）;在对照组中,血清瘦素水平与TNF-α、BMI均呈正相关（P〈0.05）。结论AP患者血清瘦素水平显著高于正常健康肥胖者;AP患者血清瘦素含量的增加可能来源于胰腺的释放;血清瘦素是急性胰腺炎生物学指标之一,对损伤的胰腺具有保护作用。     

血清瘦素与男性骨密度及体脂的关系

瘦素（leptin）是肥胖基因编码，由脂肪细胞分泌的一种与肥胖紧密相关的内分泌激素。研究显示瘦素影响骨代谢。临床研究方面，近年来国外对血清瘦素水平与骨密度（BMD）之间的关系进行了大量研究，但目前尚无一致的结论。我们研究了长沙地区350例健康男性血清瘦素、骨密度及体脂，探讨血清瘦素与骨密度及体脂的关系。     

原发性高血压血清瘦素水平变化

将76例原发性高血压患者按有无糖代谢异常及肥胖分为单纯高血压组、高血压 糖代谢异常组及高血压 肥胖组;健康体检者68例按体质量指数(BMI)分为正常对照组、单纯肥胖组.检测各组血清瘦素、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、空腹血糖(FBG)及餐后血糖(PBG)、总胆固醇、甘油三酯水平.发现高血压各亚组血清瘦素水平均高于正常对照组;直线相关分析显示,瘦素分别与BMI、SBP、DBP、FINS呈正相关;多元逐步回归分析示,瘦素与性别、FBG、FINS、SBP、BMI、WHR相关.认为原发性高血压患者血清瘦素水平明显高于正常人群,血清瘦素水平增高与高血压、胰岛素抵抗关系密切.     

Medical and Psychology Students' Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Aging and Sexuality

The current study surveys medical and doctoral psychology students (N = 100) from an urban northeastern university regarding knowledge and attitudes toward elderly sexuality and aging using the Facts on Aging Quiz, the Aging Sexuality Knowledge and Attitudes Scale, and measures of interest in gerontology, academic/clinical exposure to aging and sexuality, and contact with elders. The current study found that psychology students demonstrated greater aging knowledge than medical students; however, both groups showed gaps in knowledge about sexuality. Married students had greater academic/clinical exposure and greater knowledge about aging but less permissive attitudes toward elderly sexuality. Generally, knowledge about aging was the strongest correlate of knowledge about sexuality. Level of knowledge about sexuality was not associated with attitudes. Attitudes toward sexuality and aging may be more strongly tied to demographic variables reflective of religious beliefs or adherence to sociocultural norms.     

Leptin and cellular and innate immunity in abstinent alcoholics and controls

BACKGROUND: Basic studies indicate that in vitro and in vivo doses of leptin modulate cellular immune responses. Given evidence that concentrations of leptin are altered in alcoholics who also show immune abnormalities, this study examined the relationships between circulating levels of leptin and markers of cellular and innate immunity. METHODS: Circulating levels of leptin, natural killer cell (NK) activity, interleukin-2 (IL-2)-stimulated NK activity, and concanavalin A-stimulated production of IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12 were compared between abstinent DSM-IV alcohol-dependent men (n = 27) and age- and gender-matched controls (n = 34). RESULTS: As compared with controls, alcoholics showed lower NK activity (p < 0.01) and a trend for lower levels of leptin (p = 0.055). In the total sample, leptin predicted NK activity (beta = 0.33; p < 0.05) after controlling for the confounding influence of body mass index, alcohol intake, and smoking. Leptin was not correlated with any of the cytokine measures. To examine whether the effects of leptin were mediated by its direct action on NK, additional studies examined in vitro effects of leptin on NK activity in healthy volunteers (n = 10); leptin doses (0.1, 1, and 10 nM) yielded levels of NK activity comparable to those with media alone. CONCLUSIONS: These data show that circulating levels of leptin are associated with NK activity in humans and suggest that abnormal in vivo concentrations of leptin may contribute to the declines of NK activity in alcoholics who are at risk for infectious diseases.     

Cement and Concrete Nanoscience and Nanotechnology

Concrete science is a multidisciplinary area of research where nanotechnology potentially offers the opportunity to enhance the understanding of concrete behavior, to engineer its properties and to lower production and ecological cost of construction materials. Recent work at the National Research Council Canada in the area of concrete materials research has shown the potential of improving concrete properties by modifying the structure of cement hydrates, addition of nanoparticles and nanotubes and controlling the delivery of admixtures. This article will focus on a review of these innovative achievements.     

慢性饮酒、吸烟与骨质疏松的相关性研究

目的 探讨长期大量慢性饮酒、吸烟等不良生活方式与骨质疏松的关系.方法 以乏力、腰背痛、双下肢酸困为主诉,且有长期大量慢性饮酒史、吸烟史,无其他慢性疾病史的年轻男性患者45例为观察对象,测定其血钙(Ca)、血磷(P)和血肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)、血糖(Glu)、天门冬酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸基转移酶(ALT)、血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、甲状腺功能、全段甲状旁腺激素(iPTH)、1,25-二羟维生素D3[1,25-(OH) 2D3]、双能X线骨密度仪测定腰椎L1-4及左侧股骨近段(包括颈、股骨颈上部、大粗隆)骨密度(BMD),分析饮酒、吸烟对骨量的影响.以感冒发热就诊、年龄相当、无饮酒、吸烟史及慢性疾病史的45例男性为对照组.结果 观察组1,25(OH)2D3水平均降低,血钙水平偏低,血磷正常,碱性磷酸酶呈不同程度地升高,骨密度T值提示观察组27例骨质疏松,12例骨量减少,6例正常骨量;而对照组仅有6例为骨量减少,1例骨质疏松,38例为正常骨量,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 长期慢性大量饮酒吸烟影响骨量,甚至易导致骨质疏松.     

自身免疫与动脉粥样硬化的发生发展

在动脉粥样硬化的发生发展过程中,自身免疫具有重要作用,本文就近年有关动脉粥样硬化的免疫机制的研究进展作一简要综述.     

Stress and Depression Among HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Gay and Bisexual AIDS Caregivers

From a survey of 416 gay and bisexual male AIDS caregivers, we examined differences in the stress process and predictors of depressive symptomatology by caregivers' HIV serostatus (n = 164 HIV-positive and n = 252 HIV-negative). Results indicate that HIV-positive caregivers reported higher levels of depressive symptomatology than those who were HIV-negative. Parallel regression analyses revealed that a younger age, role-related stress, and low self-esteem were common predictors of depressive symptomatology for both groups. Group-specific predictors of depression for the HIV-positive caregivers were poorer health and financial concerns. In contrast, the group-specific predictor for the HIV-negative caregivers was higher stress associated with direct acts of caregiving. These results suggest that in order to stem depressive symptomatology, gay and bisexual male caregivers need support directed at reducing stress stemming from their role as caregivers as well as services designed to address low self-esteem. In addition, serostatus should be taken into account when designing service plans because seropositive and seronegative caregivers may require different supportive services.     

Immune and serologic profiles of HIV-infected and noninfected hemophilic children and adolescents

Objectives: To assess relationships among the effects of HIV on hemophilic children and adolescents' immunologic parameters and vaccine-related serology. Methods: We analyzed data from extensive baseline immunologic evaluations of 207 HIV antibody-positive (HIV+) and 126 HIV antibody-negative (HIV?) hemophilic children and adolescents. Results: HIV+ and HIV- participants differed significantly in T-lymphocyte subpopulation numbers, immunoglobulin levels, and seroprevalence rates for diphtheria toxoid, measles, and mumps antigens. IgG levels, IgM levels, and serologic titers to vaccine antigens showed little correlation with T-cell parameters. Proportionately more HIV+ participants were nonreactive to each and all of a panel of 7 skin test antigens (71 % vs 28% anerglc, RR 2.6). The odds of anergy increased 1.6 times for every decline of 200 CD4 ± cells/μTl. Conclusions: HIV had significant, largely independent T- and B-lymphocyte effects on this pediatric cohort. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.