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1.
甲型H1N1流感医院感染预防和控制   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
吴家琳 《临床肺科杂志》2009,14(10):1414-1414
甲型H1N1流感是由甲型H1N1流感病毒引起急性呼吸道传染病,潜伏期短,具有高度传染性和传播快特点,常引起暴发,甚至世界性大流行。作为医疗卫生单位,提高对甲型H1N1流感认识,及时发现甲型H1N1流感病人。切断传播途径,防止院内感染,有效地防控甲型H1N1流感起着至关重要作用。  相似文献   

2.
辛煜芳  刘燕萍  黄忆 《内科》2009,4(6):849-850
2009年3月,墨西哥暴发“人感染猪流感”疫情,并迅速在全球范围内蔓延。世界卫生组织(WHO)初始将此型流感称为“人感染猪流感”,后将其重新命名为“甲型H1N1流感”,6月11日,WHO宣布将流感大流行警告级别提升为6级。随着甲型H1N1流感病例的快速增多,如何做好甲型H1N1流感防控工作直接关系到广大人民群众的身体健康和生命安全,  相似文献   

3.
自2009年4月下旬以来,甲型H1N1流感在全球范围内不断扩散和蔓延。近期,我国甲型H1N1流感输入性病例持续增加,并出现了二代病例,发生社区暴发流行的风险进一步加大。如何科学、有序地做好甲型H1N1流感防控工作,有效遏制社区甲型H1N1流感疫情的扩散和蔓延。笔者认为,应采取强化培训,公众参与;整体联动、群防群控;严格监测,及时处理;规范管理、科学诊治;加强检查、落实措施等防控措施,从而有效地控制传染源,阻断甲型H1N1流感社区暴发和流行。  相似文献   

4.
从甲型H1N1流感防控研究卫生应急能力提升   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
甲型H1N1流感疫情防控,是中国继2003年"非典"疫情之后应对重大突发公共卫生事件的重要经历。近年来,中国卫生应急能力建设取得的成果,为成功应对甲型H1N1流感全球大流行奠定了基础。本文分析了当前中国卫生应急能力现状,以及甲型H1N1流感防控经验和成效,并就中国卫生应急能力提出针对性对策建议。  相似文献   

5.
目的探讨首例甲型H1N1流感被确诊的警示。方法对首例甲型H1N1流感疑似病例进行科学的流行病学调查、分析。结果疑似病例被确诊。结论对甲型H1N1流感疑似病例诊断过程中,综合分析流行病学资料、临床症状、实验室检验结果,做出正确诊断,避免出现错误。  相似文献   

6.
甲型H1N1流感预防干预措施应用技术指南(试行)   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
为指导应用甲型H1N1流感的预防干预措施,控制或减缓甲型H1N1流感的传播速度和范围,特制定本指南。本指南适用于我国出现甲型H1N1流感病毒持续的人与人之间传播和社区水平的暴发流行阶段。  相似文献   

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目的分离目前流行的甲型H1N1流感病毒,对其进行基因序列测定和遗传变异分析,为研究病毒进化、致病性、流行规律及防治提供科学依据。方法采用MDCK细胞、SPF鸡胚和RT-PCR方法对甲型H1N1流感病毒进行分离、鉴定,并进行核苷酸序列测定和分子进化分析。结果从疑似甲型H1N1流感临床标本中分离得到1株甲型H1N1流感病毒,命名为长春株(A/Changchun/01/2009(H1N1)),基因序列及分子进化分析显示该毒株与2009年大流行的甲型H1N1毒株高度同源,属于流行分支2。相对流行分支1(北美流行株A/California/07/2009(H1N1)),PB2、HA、NA分别出现2个、7个和4个氨基酸的差异。结论甲型H1N1流感病毒长春株与2009年大流行的甲型H1N1毒株高度同源,属于流行分支2,与流行分支1相比存在变异。  相似文献   

8.
2009年11月同一起甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情中未经实验室确诊的流感样症状病例,在排除其他致流感样症状疾病时而并发肺炎者,在我院隔离病房的临床诊断病例54例,分析总结这一新型肺炎的临床特点及治疗效果,告诫民众在甲型H1N1流感大流行阶段,重视感冒初期即“48小时之内,应用药物磷酸奥司他韦”是防止因甲型H1N1流感并发为肺炎最有效的措施之一。  相似文献   

9.
为有效控制甲型H1N1流感疫情在学校传播、蔓延,保障学生、教职员工的身体健康和生命安全,掌握学校防控甲型H1N1流感各项工作的落实情况,促进学校防控甲型H1N1流感各项工作的扎实开展,新疆维吾尔自治区疾病预防控制中心2009年9月5日派督导员驻点乌鲁木齐市各大学院校,检查指导各大学院校甲型H1N1流感防控工作,现将我们对乌鲁木齐市某大学甲型H1N1流感督导防控工作分析如下。  相似文献   

10.
甲型H1N1流感(猪流感)正在全世界范围内蔓延与流行,截至发刊,我国已经确诊577例甲型H1N1流感患者,经过医务工作者的精心治疗,均无生命危险,有的已经康复出院了。因此,甲型H1N1流感是可防、可控、可治的疾病。党和政府高度重视,提出了“积极应对,科学处置”的八字方针,以确保人民大众的健康与生命安全。  相似文献   

11.
Amodiaquine (AQ) is a 4‐aminoquinoline widely used in the treatment of malaria as part of the artemisinin combination therapy (ACT). AQ is metabolised towards its main metabolite desethylamodiaquine mainly by cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8). CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 play a minor role in the metabolism but they seem to be significantly involved in the formation of the short‐lived quinine‐imine. To complete the genetic variation picture of the main genes involved in AQ metabolism in the Zanzibar population, previously characterised for CYP2C8, we analysed in this study CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 main genetic polymorphisms. The results obtained show a low frequency of the CYP1A1*2B/C allele (2.4%) and a high frequency of CYP1B1*6 (approximately 42%) followed by CYP1B1*2 (approximately 27%) in Zanzibar islands. Genotype data for CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 show a low incidence of fast metabolisers, revealing a relatively safe genetic background in Zanzibar’s population regarding the appearance of adverse effects.  相似文献   

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AIM: To investigate the role of functional genetic poly-morphisms of metabolic enzymes of tobacco carcinogens in the development of colorectal adenomas. METHODS: The study subjects were 455 patients with colorectal adenomas and 1052 controls with no polyps who underwent total colonoscopy in a preretirement health examination at two Self Defense Forces hospitals. The genetic polymorphisms studied wereCYP1A1*2A (rs 4646903), CYP1A1*2C (rs 1048943), GSTM1 (null or non-null genotype), GSTT1 (null or non-null genotype) and NQO1 C609T (rs 1800566). Genotypes were determined by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism or PCR method using genomic DNA extracted from the buffy coat. Cigarette smoking and other life-style factors were ascertained by a self-administered questionnaire. The associations of the polymorphisms with colorectal adenomas were examined by means of OR and 95%CI, which were derived from logistic regression analysis. Statistical adjustment was made for smoking, alcohol use, body mass index and other factors. The gene-gene interaction and effect modification of smoking were evaluated by the likelihood ratio test. RESULTS: None of the five polymorphisms showed a significant association with colorectal adenomas, nor was the combination of GSTM1 and GSTT1 . A borderline significant interaction was observed for the combination of CYP1A1*2C and NQO1 (P = 0.051). The OR associated with CYP1A1*2C was significantly lower than unity among individuals with the NQO1 609CC genotype. The adjusted OR for the combination of the CYP1A1*2C allele and NQO1 609CC genotype was 0.61 (95%CI: 0.42-0.91). Although the interaction was not statistically significant (P = 0.24), the OR for individuals carrying the CYP1A1*2C allele and GSTT1 null genotype decreased significantly compared with those who had neither CYP1A1*2C allele nor GSTT1 null genotype (adjusted OR: 0.69, 95%CI: 0.49-0.97). Smoking did not modify the associations of the individual polymorphisms with colorectal adenomas. There w  相似文献   

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The target of ezetimibe is Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 (NPC1L1)   总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21       下载免费PDF全文
Ezetimibe is a potent inhibitor of cholesterol absorption that has been approved for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, but its molecular target has been elusive. Using a genetic approach, we recently identified Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 (NPC1L1) as a critical mediator of cholesterol absorption and an essential component of the ezetimibe-sensitive pathway. To determine whether NPC1L1 is the direct molecular target of ezetimibe, we have developed a binding assay and shown that labeled ezetimibe glucuronide binds specifically to a single site in brush border membranes and to human embryonic kidney 293 cells expressing NPC1L1. Moreover, the binding affinities of ezetimibe and several key analogs to recombinant NPC1L1 are virtually identical to those observed for native enterocyte membranes. KD values of ezetimibe glucuronide for mouse, rat, rhesus monkey, and human NPC1L1 are 12,000, 540, 40, and 220 nM, respectively. Last, ezetimibe no longer binds to membranes from NPC1L1 knockout mice. These results unequivocally establish NPC1L1 as the direct target of ezetimibe and should facilitate efforts to identify the molecular mechanism of cholesterol transport.  相似文献   

18.
Abstract:  Administration of melatonin to rodents decreases the incidence of tumorigenesis initiated by benzo[ a ]pyrene or 7,12-dimethylbenz[ a ]anthracene, which requires bioactivation by cytochrome P450 enzymes, such as CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1, to produce carcinogenic metabolites. The present study tested the hypothesis that melatonin is a modulator of human CYP1 catalytic activity and gene expression. As a comparison, we also investigated the effect of melatonin on the catalytic activity of CYP2A6, which is also a procarcinogen-bioactivating enzyme. Melatonin (3–300 μ m ) decreased 7-ethoxyresorufin O -dealkylation catalyzed by human hepatic microsomes and recombinant CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1, whereas it did not affect coumarin 7-hydroxylation catalyzed by hepatic microsomes or recombinant CYP2A6. Melatonin inhibited CYP1 enzymes by mixed inhibition, with apparent K i values (mean ± S.E.M.) of 59 ± 1 (CYP1A1), 12 ± 1 (CYP1A2), 14 ± 2 (CYP1B1) and 46 ± 8 μ m (hepatic microsomes). Additional experiments indicated that melatonin decreased benzo[ a ]pyrene hydroxylation catalyzed by hepatic microsomes and CYP1A2 but not by CYP1A1 or CYP1B1. Treatment of MCF-10A human mammary epithelial cells with melatonin (up to 300 μ m ) did not affect basal or benzo[ a ]pyrene-inducible CYP1A1 or CYP1B1 gene expression. Consistent with this finding, melatonin did not influence reporter activity in aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent pGudluc6.1-transfected MCF-10A cells treated with or without benzo[ a ]pyrene, as assessed in an in vitro cell-based luciferase reporter gene assay. Overall, melatonin is an in vitro inhibitor of human CYP1 catalytic activity, and it may be useful to develop potent analogues of melatonin as potential cancer chemopreventive agents that block CYP1-mediated chemical carcinogenesis.  相似文献   

19.
Abstract: The importance of the bioactivation of 1-naphthylisothiocyanate was studied. Forty minutes after 1-naphthylisothiocyanate administration to rats, bile was collected over a 2.5-h period; the liver was then excised and homogenized. 1-naphthylisothiocyanate and its metabolites in bile and liver of rats were identified and quantified using coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Three main compounds were found in all 1-naphthylisothiocyanate-treated animals. They were identified as 1-naphthyl isocyanate, 1-naphthylamine and the parent compound, 1-naphthylisothiocyanate. When rats were given cycloheximide, which attenuates 1-naphthylisothiocyanate toxicity, 30 min before 1-naphthylisothiocyanate (300 mg/kg), 1-naphthyl isocyanate concentration was significantly lower than in rats receiving only 1-naphthylisothiocyanate. The appearance of 1-naphthylamine was also inhibited by cycloheximide, although not to the same extent as 1-naphthyl isocyanate. On the other hand, phenobarbital, which potentiates 1-naphthylisothiocyanate hepatotoxicity, enhanced 1-naphthyl isocyanate and 1-naphthylamine formation. It is suggested that 1-naphthyl isocyanate, 1-naphthylamine and the highly reactive sulfur released from 1-naphthylisothiocyanate might be involved in the hepatotoxic effect of 1-naphthylisothiocyanate.  相似文献   

20.
The 2009 H1N1 influenza A virus that has targeted not only those with chronic medical illness, the very young and old, but also a large segment of the patient population that has previously been afforded relative protection - those who are young, generally healthy, and immune naive. The illness is mild in most, but results in hospitalization and severe ARDS in an important minority. Among those who become critically ill, 20-40% will die, predominantly of severe hypoxic respiratory failure. However, and potentially in part due to the young age of those affected, intensive care with aggressive oxygenation support will allow most people to recover. The volume of patients infected and with critical illness placed substantial strain on the capacity of the health care system and critical care most specifically. Despite this, the 2009 pandemic has engaged our specialty and highlighted its importance like no other. Thus far, the national and global critical care response has been brisk, collaborative and helpful - not only for this pandemic, but for subsequent challenges in years ahead.  相似文献   

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