国产乌司他丁治疗急性胰腺炎临床疗效观察

观察国产乌司他丁治疗急性胰腺炎的临床疗效。回顾性分析2001年至2003年在我院诊断急性胰腺炎 199例,按不同治疗方法分为乌司他丁组(n=63)、善宁组(n=70)、加贝酯组(n=66)。分别观察药物疗效。比较总 有效率,乌司他丁组为88．8％(56／63);善宁组为90．0％(63／70);加贝酯组为72．7%(48／66)。乌司他丁组明显优于 加贝酯组,统计学上有显著性差异(P<0．05),但与善宁组比较,差异无显著性(P>0．05)。乌司他丁是治疗急性胰 腺炎的安全而有效的药物。     

奥曲肽治疗急性重型胰腺炎的临床观察

急性重型胰腺炎用奥曲肽治疗报道较少“’，我们在1993年3月至1996年1月间，对21例急性重型胰腺炎分别使用典曲肽及常规药物治疗，现将疗效报告如下。材料及方法共21例。男13例，女8例。年龄为29～74岁，平均54岁。均经CT证实有胰腺出血、坏死或／和腹容有血性腹水。随机分为两组，11例应用奥曲肽（瑞士Sandoz药厂生产，商品名：善得定）为治疗组，10例联合使用5＊U、加贝酯、西咪替丁、654毛为对照组。两组治疗前临床表现、白细胞数、血糖、血钙测定值等比较，无明显差异。治疗方法：奥曲肽0．ling。每冽。时1次皮下注射，对照组为常规剂…     

乌司他丁和加贝酯治疗急性轻症胰腺炎疗效比较

2000年12月～2004年1月，我们对乌司他丁（UTI）和加贝酯（FOY）治疗急性轻症胰腺炎的疗效进行临床对比观察。现报告如下。     

奥曲肽联合乌司他丁对老年急性胰腺炎患者血清肿瘤坏死因子α及白细胞介素2水平的影响

目的探讨奥曲肽联合乌司他丁对老年急性胰腺炎患者血清肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)及白细胞介素2(IL-2)水平的影响。方法选取我科室近期收治的老年急性胰腺炎患者60例,随机分为奥曲肽组和奥曲肽联合乌司他丁组,奥曲肽组给予奥曲肽治疗,奥曲肽联合乌司他丁组在此基础上加用乌司他丁,取同期正常的老年体检者30名作为正常对照组。观察两组患者用药后1 d、4 d、7 d血清TNF-α和IL-2水平,以及血、尿淀粉酶变化。结果与正常对照组相比,急性胰腺炎患者血清TNF-α和IL-2水平均明显升高(P<0.05)。与奥曲肽组相比,奥曲肽联合乌司他丁组的老年患者血淀粉酶在第1天开始明显下降(P<0.05),尿淀粉酶在第4天开始明显下降(P<0.05)。结论奥曲肽和乌司他丁联合用药对急性胰腺炎的治疗可能是通过调节TNF-a和IL-2水平实现的。     

乌司他丁联合奥曲肽对急性轻症胰腺炎患者四种血清IL水平的影响

目的观察乌司他丁联合奥曲肽对急性轻症胰腺炎患者炎性反应的影响及临床效果。方法将同期收治的64例急性胰腺炎患者随机分为观察组和对照组各32例,两组均予禁食、鼻胃管减压、止痛、支持、改善微循环等常规措施及奥曲肽治疗,观察组同时予乌司他丁静滴。治疗前后分别检测两组血清IL-1、IL-6、IL-10、IL-12水平并判定临床效果。结果两组治疗后四种血清IL水平均显著下降,尤以观察组为著（P均〈0.05）;观察组总有效率显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论乌司他丁联合奥曲肽可显著减轻急性轻症胰腺炎患者的炎性反应、临床效果好。     

加贝酯治疗急性胰腺炎的临床研究

目的 探讨国产加贝酯对急性水肿型胰腺炎的疗效和不良反应。 方法 应用加贝酯和一般常规治疗方法对158例年龄在20-60岁的急性水肿型胰腺炎患者进行多中心、随机、对照临床研究,其中加贝酯组81例,一般常规治疗(对照组)77例。 结果 加贝酯组显效率(74.1％)及总有效率(100％)均高于对照组(41.5％及94.8％),加贝酯组疗效显著优于对照组(P<0.01和P<0.05),且不良反应少而轻,除3例(3.7％)注射局部皮肤发红、疼痛,2例(2.4％)静脉炎,1例皮疹外,未发现肝、肾、心及血液损伤。 结论 国产加贝酯治疗急性胰腺炎起效迅速,疗效肯定,副反应少而轻。对60-80岁的急性胰腺炎患者亦有较好疗效。     

国产注射用醋酸奥曲肽治疗食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血的多中心随机对照临床研究

背景：生长抑素及其类似物可降低门静脉压力，减少奇静脉血流，临床上广泛应用于门静脉高压所致食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血的治疗。目的：评价国产注射用醋酸奥曲肽治疗急性食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血的疗效和安全性。方法：采用多中心、随机、单盲、阳性药物平行对照试验设计，以善宁醋酸奥曲肽注射液作为对照．疗程5天。首剂0．1mg加入5％葡萄糖20ml静脉推注，随后以0．025mg／h的速度连续静脉滴注72h．如出血停止，则继续皮下注射0．1mg1次／8h，连续2天。疗效评价指标包括呕血量和便血量，安全性评价指标包括实验室检查结果、患者生命体征以及治疗中的不良反应。结果：共129例患者人组，其中试验组64例，对照组65例。按全分析集（FAS）评价，试验组临床显效率为78．1％．总有效率为93．8％，对照组临床显效率为83．1％．总有效率为96．9％，两组相比差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。试验组2例（3．1％）患者出现发热的不良事件，对照组无不良事件和不良反应发生。两组均未发生严重不良事件。结论：国产注射用醋酸奥曲肽用于治疗食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血安全、有效，与同剂量善宁醋酸奥曲肽注射液疗效相近。     

善宁与加贝酯治疗急性胰腺炎的疗效观察

目的比较善宁与加贝酯对急性胰腺炎的疗效. 方法急性胰腺炎168例(急性水肿型108例,急性出血坏死型60例),随机分为2组.     

乌司他丁预防内镜逆行胰胆管造影术后胰腺炎的系统评价

目的:评价乌司他丁预防内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP) 术后胰腺炎的有效性. 方法:通过使用由Cochrane 协作网推荐的方法,对在世界范围内搜索出的4篇关于乌司他丁在预防ERCP 术后胰腺炎(PEP) 的随机对照试验进行Meta 分析. 结果:分别对2篇乌司他丁和安慰剂比较的随机对照试验共446 例,以及2篇乌司他丁与加贝酯比较的随机对照试验共207 例患者进行了分析,这些试验均存在统计同质性. 在乌司他丁与安慰剂、加贝酯对照的试验以及小剂量乌司他丁和加贝酯对照的试验中,乌司他丁组PEP 的OR 值分别为:0.35(95%CI:0.14-0.88) 、1.57(95%CI:0.39-6.24) 及1.69(95%CI:0.397.32). 结论:据目前的最佳证据,乌司他丁可以防止PEP,他与加贝酯有相近的疗效.     

乌司他丁联合生长抑素治疗老年急性胰腺炎的临床疗效

近年来有报道乌司他丁及生长抑素用于治疗急性胰腺炎(AP)能明显降低患者病死率,提高治疗疗效[1～5].本文旨在探讨乌司他丁联合生长抑素在老年急性胰腺炎治疗中的临床疗效及应用价值,以期为老年AP的治疗选择提供参考.     

MUTATION FREQUENCY IN NURSES AND PHARMACISTS WORKING WITH CYTOTOXIC DRUGS

Individuals occupationally exposed to cytotoxic drugs may be at risk owing to the effects of these agents on DNA. As an index of DNA damage, in vivo mutations were measured in lymphocytes from 24 oncology nurses or pharmacists and 24 matched controls. Mutation frequency was significantly increased in exposed individuals and appeared to be related to duration of exposure. However, the overall magnitude of the increase was small and its biological significance remains to be determined.     

A single injection of adrenergic agonists enhances pineal melatonin production in Turkish hamsters

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the pineal gland of Turkish hamsters (Mesocricetus brandti) responds to adrenergic agonists with an increase in melatonin production, and, if it does, whether the sensitivity of the pineal gland to agonists would differ throughout the dark phase. Adult Turkish hamsters weighing 110–210 g received a subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol (ISO, 1 mg/kg B.W.) or norepinephrine (NE, 1 mg/kg B.W.) at different times of night. Animals exposed to LD 16:8 responded to ISO or NE with increased pineal melatonin content only when injected at dawn, when endogenous melatonin is at basal or near-basal levels. When the 8 hr scotophase was entirely replaced with light, the responsiveness to ISO injections at dawn disappeared. In animals exposed to light from 30 min prior to injection to the time of sacrifice, ISO injections increased pineal melatonin content (P < 0.005, three-way ANOVA), which varied, depending on the specific time of injection (effect of time of night, P < 0.05, three-way ANOVA). These results demonstrate that (1) adrenergic agonists enhance the production of pineal melatonin in Turkish hamsters, (2) this stimulatory effect takes place late, but not early in the 8 hr scotophase, and (3) the adrenergic induction of pineal melatonin production in Turkish hamsters requires priming by darkness during the appropriate circadian phase.     

Immune effector mechanisms in malaria: An update focusing on human immunity

The past decade has witnessed dramatic decreases in malaria‐associated mortality and morbidity around the world. This progress has largely been due to intensified malaria control measures, implementation of rapid diagnostics and establishing a network to anticipate and mitigate antimalarial drug resistance. However, the ultimate tool for malaria prevention is the development and implementation of an effective vaccine. To date, malaria vaccine efforts have focused on determining which of the thousands of antigens expressed by Plasmodium falciparum are instrumental targets of protective immunity. The antigenic variation and antigenic polymorphisms arising in parasite genes under immune selection present a daunting challenge for target antigen selection and prioritization, and is a given caveat when interpreting immune recall responses or results from monovalent vaccine trials. Other immune evasion strategies executed by the parasite highlight the myriad of ways in which it can become a recurrent infection. This review provides an update on immune effector mechanisms in malaria and focuses on our improved ability to interrogate the complexity of human immune system, accelerated by recent methodological advances. Appreciating how the human immune landscape influences the effectiveness and longevity of antimalarial immunity will help explain which conditions are necessary for immune effector mechanisms to prevail.     

Secondary aortoduodenal fistula

Aorto-duodenal fistulae （ADF） are the most frequent aorto-enteric fistulae （80%）, presenting with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. We report the first case of a man with a secondary aorto-duodenal fistula presenting with a history of persistent occlusive syndrome. A 59-year old man who underwent an aortic-bi-femoral bypass 5 years ago, presented with dyspepsia and biliary vomiting. Computed tomography scan showed in the third duodenal segment the presence of inflammatory tissue with air bubbles between the duodenum and prosthesis, adherent to the duodenum. The patient was submitted to surgery, during which the prosthesis was detached from the duodenum, the intestine failed to close and a gastro-jejunal anastomosis was performed. The post-operative course was simple, secondary ADF was a complication （0.3%-2%） of aortic surgery. Mechanical erosion of the prosthetic material into the bowel was due to the lack of interposed retroperitoneal tissue or the excessive pulsation of redundantly placed grafts or septic procedures. The third or fourth duodenal segment was most frequently involved. Diagnosis of ADF was difficult. Surgical treatment is always recommended by explorative laparotomy. ADF must be suspected whenever a patient with aortic prosthesis has digestive bleeding or unexplained obstructive syndrome. Rarely the clinical picture of ADF is subtle presenting as an obstructive syndrome and in these cases the principal goal is to effectively relieve the mechanical bowel obstruction.     

Married to M. tuberculosis: risk of infection and disease in spouses of smear-positive tuberculosis patients

Objectives To quantify the risk of infection and disease in spouses of tuberculosis patients and the extent to which intervention could reduce the risk in this highly exposed group. Methods We compared HIV prevalence, TB prevalence and incidence and tuberculin skin test (TST) results in spouses of TB patients and community controls. HIV‐positive spouses were offered isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT), and TST was repeated at 6, 12 and 24 months. Results We recruited 148 spouses of smear‐positive patients ascertained prospectively and 3% had active TB. We identified 203 spouses of previously diagnosed smear‐positive patients, 11 had already had TB, and the rate of TB was 2.4 per 100 person years(py) over 2 years (95% CI 1.15–5.09). 116 were found alive and recruited. HIV prevalence was 37% and 39% in the prospective and retrospective spouse groups and 17% in controls. TST was ≥10 mm in 80% of HIV negative and in 57% of HIV‐positive spouses ascertained retrospectively; 74% HIV negative and 62% HIV‐positive spouses ascertained prospectively, and 48% HIV negative and 26% HIV‐positive community controls. Of 54 HIV‐positive spouses, 18 completed 6‐month IPT. At 2 year follow‐up, 87% of surviving spouses had TST ≥10 mm and the rate of TB was 1.1 per 100 py (95% CI 0.34–3.29). Conclusions Spouses are a high‐risk group who should be screened for HIV and active TB. TST prevalence was already high by the time the spouses were approached but further infections were seen to occur. Uptake and adherence to IPT was disappointing, lessening the impact of short‐duration therapy.     

Dénervation rénale pour HTA réfractaire sans anesthésie générale : intérêt d’un protocole MEOPA Morphine. Expérience préliminaire

Renal denervation using the technique of radiofrequency is used only recently for the treatment of resistant hypertension. Normally, it is done under general anesthesia because the ablation point technique is painful. We suggest an alternative to general anesthesia comprising an association of morphin 0.1 mg/kg IV to MEOPA (gas combining oxygen and azot protoxyd) delivered through an oxygen mask. Our series includes 12 consecutive patients treated between October 2011 and June 2013, the first five patients (group 1) have received only an hydroxizin and morphin sedation. Every five have felt the ablation painful, in two cases bearable pain (EVA < 5), in three cases intense (EVA > 5) pain leading to increasing doses of morphin, (total dose of 0.25 mg/kg in two cases, 0.17 mg in one case). For the seven following patients, a protocol including hydroxyzin, morphin and MEOPA given through a mask has been set up. Only one patient has felt a mild pain (EVA 5) leading to an increasing dose of morphin (total dose 0.17 mg/kg). None of the six other patients has felt any pain during the procedure. The average dose of morphin is 0.17 mg/kg in group 1, 0.11 mg/kg in group 2. This is a preliminary study; if confirmed, it will allow a lot of hospitals without on-site possibilities of general anesthesia, to realize such procedures. Conclusion: regarding pain, the procedure of renal ablation was well tolerated for six among seven patients receiving the association MEOPA and IV morphin. In contrast, in the five patients treated only with IV morphin, we observed a less good tolerance to pain and the need to increase the doses of IV morphin.     

Scale‐up of TB and HIV programme collaborative activities in Zambia – a 10‐year review

Objective To review the activities, progress, achievements and challenges of the Zambia Ministry of Health tuberculosis (TB)/HIV collaborative activities over the past decade. Methods Analysis of Zambia Ministry of Health National TB and HIV programme documents and external independent programme review reports pertaining to 2000–2010. Results The number of people testing for HIV increased from 37 557 persons in 2003 to 1 327 995 persons in 2010 nationally. Those receiving anti‐retroviral therapy (ART) increased from 143 in 2003 to 344 304 in 2010. The national HIV prevalence estimates declined from 14.3% in 2001 to 13.5% in 2009. The proportion of TB patients being tested for HIV increased from 22.6% in 2006 to 84% in 2010 and approximately 70% were HIV positive. The proportion of the HIV‐infected TB patients who: (i) started on ART increased from 38% in 2006 to 50% in 2010; (ii) commenced co‐trimoxazole preventive therapy (CPT) increased from 31% in 2006 to 70% in 2010; and (iii) were successfully treated increased to an average of 80% resulting in decline of deaths from 13% in 2006 to 9% in 2010. Conclusions The scale‐up of TB/HIV collaborative programme activities in Zambia has steadily increased over the past decade resulting in increased testing for TB and HIV, and anti‐retroviral (ARV) rollout with improved treatment outcomes among TB patients co‐infected with HIV. Getting service delivery points to adhere to WHO guidelines for collaborative TB/HIV activities remains problematic, especially those meant to reduce the burden of TB in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA).     

C-MET在非小细胞肺癌对表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂耐药中的作用研究进展

以表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)为靶点的酪氨酸酶抑制剂(TKI)是近年来非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)治疗的重大突破.但是随着临床的广泛应用,耐药成为新的难点.新近研究已发现对EGFRTKI的耐药产生主要涉及原癌基因C-MET的扩增突变.C-MET是原癌基因,是蛋白产物肝细胞生长因子/离散离子(HGF/SF)的受体,具有酪氨酸酶活性,C-MET基因扩增激活ErbB3-PI3K信号途径导致NSCLC对EGFR-TKI产生耐药,大量研究证实NSCLC患者对EGFR-TKI耐药约20％归因于C-MET基因扩增.     

Artificial intelligence in pancreaticobiliary endoscopy

Artificial intelligence (AI) applications in health care have exponentially increased in recent years, and a few of these are related to pancreatobiliary disorders. AI‐based methods were applied to extract information, in prognostication, to guide clinical treatment decisions and in pancreatobiliary endoscopy to characterize lesions. AI applications in endoscopy are expected to reduce inter‐operator variability, improve the accuracy of diagnosis, and assist in therapeutic decision‐making in real time. AI‐based literature must however be interpreted with caution given the limited external validation. A multidisciplinary approach combining clinical and imaging or endoscopy data will better utilize AI‐based technologies to further improve patient care.