绝经后妇女宫颈非典型鳞状上皮细胞转归特点分析

目的统计分析绝经妇女宫颈非典型鳞状上皮细胞(ASCUS)的转归特点,探讨对于绝经妇女宫颈ASCUS的更合理有效的诊疗方案。方法收集2007年1月至2012年12月我院妇科门诊诊治的558例绝经后妇女及同期诊治的2927例未绝经妇女临床资料,回顾性分析研究绝经后妇女与未绝经妇女宫颈ASCUS检出率和转归及HPV感染情况。结果绝经妇女与未绝经妇女ASCUS检出率分别是6.99%(39/558)和7.31%(214/2927),无统计学差异(P0.05)。ASCUS患者中绝经组和未绝经组HPV感染率分别为20.51%(8/39)和21.96%(47/214),HPV多重感染率分别为7.69%(3/39)和5.61%(12/214),2组之间无统计学差异(P0.05)。在随访的33例ASCUS绝经妇女中,24例阴道镜检查呈阳性,其中宫颈高级别病变检出率为45.4%(15/33),宫颈鳞状细胞癌检出率为9.1%(3/33),显著高于未绝经妇女(P0.05)。结论对绝经后妇女宫颈ASCUS病变的随访显示,宫颈高级别病变检出率和宫颈鳞状细胞癌检出率均高于未绝经妇女,提示绝经后妇女ASCUS病变更容易发展为宫颈高级别病变。临床上对于ASCUS的绝经妇女应进行宫颈薄层液基细胞等检查(TCT)随诊和高危型HPV检测,必要时行阴道镜下宫颈活组织病理学检查。病理结果阴性者仍应定期进行宫颈细胞学随访。     

绝经后妇女宫颈癌筛查的价值及方法的研究

目的探讨绝经后妇女宫颈癌筛查的价值和筛查方法的研究。方法对1278名研究对象进行醋酸肉眼直接观察（VIA）、随机巴氏涂片或液基细胞学检查（TCT）、随机人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）检测（HC—II方法）。按诊断标准结果阳性者行阴道镜检查与定位活检,筛查阴性者如自愿活检亦予以对照活检。结果病理检出CINⅠ9人,CINⅡ6人,CINⅢ5人。各种筛查方法灵敏度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值比较无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;特异度比较：VIA低于其余几项,巴氏涂片和TCT最高（两者间差异无统计学意义）,TCT、VIA联合巴氏涂片、HPV之间差异无统计学意义。结论开展对绝经后妇女宫颈癌的筛查十分有必要。应高度重视绝经后妇女HPV感染。VIA联合巴氏涂片适于在基层单位用于绝经后妇女宫颈癌的筛查。     

TCT与阴道镜下活检在宫颈病变诊断中的应用

目的探讨液基薄层细胞检测系统（TCT）与阴道镜下活检在宫颈病变诊断中的应用价值。方法对TCT检查发现异常宫颈细胞涂片的296例,在阴道镜下行宫颈多点活检,比较两种方法的诊断符合率。结果TCT诊断为不典型鳞状细胞（ASCUC）的172例中,活检诊断为炎症者91例,诊断符合率为53.0%;TCT诊断为低度鳞状上皮内病变（LSIL）的69例中,活检诊断为宫颈上皮内瘤样病变（CIN）Ⅰ者54例,诊断符合率为78.3%;TCT诊断为高度鳞状上皮内病变（HSIL）的50例中,活检诊断为CINⅡ、Ⅲ者47例,诊断符合率为93.9%;TCT与活检对宫颈癌的诊断符合率为100%（均为5例）。结论TCT与阴道镜下活检检测宫颈病变具有较高的诊断符合率,两者联合检测可作为宫颈疾病的可靠诊断方法。     

LEEP治疗宫颈上皮内瘤变86例疗效观察

2008年3月-12月,我们采用高频电波刀（LEEP）治疗宫颈上皮内瘤变（CIN）86例,疗效较好。现报告如下。 临床资料：86例患者中的年龄26-52岁,均为经产妇。其中CINⅠ级且伴高危型HPV阳性28例,CINⅡ级46例,CINⅢ级12例。术前均行液基薄层细胞学（TCT）检查和阴道镜下宫颈活检病理证实。     

广西地区宫颈意义未明的非典型鳞状细胞患者临床病理特点研究

［摘要］　目的　比较广西地区宫颈液基细胞学诊断为意义未明的非典型鳞状细胞（ASCUS）的组织学诊断结果,寻找合理的ASCUS患者管理方法。方法　复习237例有组织病理学诊断的ASCUS患者临床病理资料。结果　237例患者年龄19～67岁,中位年龄41岁,48例为绝经后妇女。223例患者无临床症状。专科检查,108例宫颈光滑,105例宫颈糜烂,23例宫颈肥大。组织学诊断为宫颈黏膜慢性炎伴鳞状上皮单纯性增生及宫颈黏膜慢性炎伴腺上皮鳞化、宫颈尖锐湿疣、宫颈上皮内病变（CIN）Ⅰ级、CINⅡ及Ⅲ级、癌分别为121例（51.05%）、31例（13.08%）、54例（22.78%）、28例（11.80%）、3例（1.30%）。结论　广西地区ASCUS患者大部分无临床症状,对ASCUS患者建议做阴道镜检查,疑为CIN或肿瘤者同时取活检,及时发现高级别CIN和癌。     

75例宫颈上皮内瘤变Ⅲ级的临床分析

目的探讨液基细胞学(TCT)、人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)及阴道镜检查在宫颈上皮内瘤变Ⅲ级(CINⅢ)诊断中的意义及宫颈锥切术在CINⅢ诊断及治疗中的价值。方法选取2012年1月至2015年6月该院收治的75例因CINⅢ行全子宫切除术的患者,回顾性分析其TCT、HPV、阴道镜活检、宫颈锥切术及全子宫切除术后病理结果。结果 75例患者中HPV阳性者71例(94.67%)。阴道镜病理结果为CINⅡ及CINⅢ的74例患者中,TCT结果:正常或炎症(NILM)14例,非典型鳞状细胞(ASC)13例,磷状上皮低度病变(LSIL)7例,宫颈癌(HISL)40例。61例阴道镜活检病理为CINⅢ的患者中,锥切术后病理为炎症5例,CINⅠ4例,CINⅡ5例,CINⅢ42例,宫颈浸润癌IA1期5例。符合率为68.85%。全子宫切除标本中,24例存在残留,残留率为32%。病变无残留者51例(68%)。病变残留组及无残留组比较,年龄、孕次、首次手术方式及病变级别无统计学差异。结论 HPV、TCT联合阴道镜检查,宫颈锥切术在CINⅢ的诊断中,具有重要的意义。对于CINⅢ的治疗,与全子宫切除术相比,宫颈锥切术更微创,是CINⅢ首选的治疗方法,避免了过度治疗。     

HPV E6/E7 mRNA联合液基薄层细胞学检测在宫颈病变中的诊断价值

目的评价人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)E6/E7 mRNA检测联合液基薄层细胞学(TCT)方法在宫颈病变中的诊断价值。方法对750例高危型HPV DNA阳性患者分别进行TCT、HPVE6/E7 mRNA检测和阴道镜病理活检,比较HPV E6/E7 mRNA在各宫颈病变中阳性率的差异,以及比较单独检测和联合检测在宫颈病变中诊断价值的差异。结果 750例高危型HPV阳性患者进行阴道镜活检检出宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)和宫颈癌293例,E6/E7 mRNA阳性患者占286例,各种宫颈病变(意义不明不典型鳞状细胞、低度鳞状上皮内瘤变、高度鳞状上皮内瘤变、鳞状癌变)患者HPV E6/E7 mRNA阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。单用TCT检出CIN阳性256例,单用E6/E7 mRNA检出CIN阳性247例,两者比较无统计学差异,单用TCT或E6/E7 mRNA检测出CIN阳性率均低于联合检测(P均<0.05)。结论 HPV E6/E7 mRNA检测联合TCT方法可降低宫颈病变的漏诊率,优于单独检测。     

液基薄层细胞学联合阴道镜在宫颈病变中的应用价值

目的探讨液基薄层细胞学检测(TCT)联合阴道镜下宫颈活检在宫颈病变中的临床应用价值。方法选择近年来在本院接受宫颈病变筛查的患者1685例,所有患者均行TCT检测,细胞学分类采用TBS分类标准,对其中128例TCT检查阳性者行阴道镜下多点活检。结果细胞学异常阳性检出率为7.60%(128/1685),其中不典型鳞状上皮细胞(ASCUS)56例(3.32%),低度鳞状上皮内瘤变(LSIU)42例(2.49%),高度鳞状上皮内瘤变(HSIU)26例(1.54%),宫颈鳞癌(SCC)3例(0.18%),宫颈腺癌(ACC)1例(0.06%)。阴道镜下病理诊断慢性炎症48例,轻度不典型增生(CINⅠ)41例,中度不典型增生(CINⅡ)17例,重度不典型增生及原位癌(CINⅢ)18例,宫颈鳞癌3例,宫颈腺癌1例。结论 TCT检查应用于宫颈病变的筛查,明显提高了宫颈病变的阳性检出率,联合阴道镜检查及镜下活检,能提高宫颈病变的诊断率,及时发现宫颈早期病变及癌变。     

宫颈上皮内瘤样病变最佳筛查方法探讨

目的探讨宫颈上皮内瘤样病变（CIN）早期筛查的最佳方法。方法选择在妇科门诊就诊的以主诉白带增多（排除急性期阴道炎）、接触性出血和常规体检的360例患者作为筛查对象,按随机数字表法分为A、B组,各180例。A组行传统宫颈刮片后,直接凭肉眼行宫颈活检;B组行宫颈液基薄层细胞学检测（TCT）后,在阴道镜下行宫颈活检。以活检病理结果为诊断金标准,比较分析两组病理检查结果。结果A组CIN检出率明显高于B组,CIN诊断率明显低于B组（P〈0．05）;阴道镜图像与病理学诊断结果基本一致。结论TCT后在阴道镜下行宫颈活检是早期筛查CIN的最佳方法。     

DNA倍体分析在宫颈病变诊断中的价值

目的探讨宫颈细胞DNA倍体分析在宫颈病变诊断中的价值。方法对接受宫颈癌普查的妇女用宫颈刷取材,液基薄层制片,制片后剩余细胞行流式细胞术DNA倍体分析;对其中290例患者做了活检病理诊断,其中非典型鳞状上皮增生（ASCUS）120例、低度宫颈上皮内瘤变（LSIL）90例、高度宫颈上皮内瘤变（HSIL）60例、鳞状上皮癌（SCC）20例。结果DNA异倍体在ASCUS、LSIL、HSIL、SCC组中的检出率分别为3.3%、31%、93%、100%;LSIL、HSIL、SCC三组与ASCUS组相比,P均〈0.05;HSIL、SCC二组与LSIL组相比,P均〈0.05;ASCUS、LSIL、HSIL、SCC组中,非DNA整倍体细胞者分别有25%、85.7%、96%、100%发生了2级宫颈上皮内瘤样病变（CIN2）及以上级别的病变。结论DNA倍体分析可以明显提高CIN2及以上级别宫颈病变的检出率。     

髙危型HPV检测在宫颈病变诊断中的价值

目的探讨高危型HPV检测在宫颈病变诊断中的价值。方法720例宫颈病变患者先进行HPV DNA的杂交捕获法二代（HPV—HCⅡ）和液基细胞学（TCT）的检测,其中224例因细胞学异常（意义未明的非典型鳞状细胞以及以上的病变）行阴道镜下活检。结果720例患者HPV阳性者264例（36．7％）,阴性者456例（63．3％）。HPV阳性组患者年龄（37．77±8．48）岁,HPV阴性组年龄（39．25±8．83）岁,两组比较P〈0．05。224例细胞学异常患者HPV感染率分别为炎症和复鳞上皮乳头瘤样增生64．9％（61／94）、宫颈上皮内瘤变（CIN）Ⅰ82．8％（24／29）、CINⅡ89．7％（26／29）、CINⅢ93．5％（58／62）、浸润癌100％（10／10）,随病理级别的升高HPV感染率显著升高（P〈0．05）。57例细胞学检测为ASC-US的患者中宫颈高度病变（≥CINⅡ）检出率为24．6％（14／57）,HPV阳性组检出率为33．3％（12／36）,阴性组为9．5％（2／21）,两组比较,P〈0．05,阴性组无浸润癌和CINⅢ的检出。87例细胞学为LSIL的患者中宫颈高度病变检出率为34．5％（30／87）,HPV阳性组检出率为39．5％（30／76）,阴性组为0,两组比较P〈0．01,阴性组无高度病变的检出。结论高危型HPV检测可以明显提高宫颈高度病变在细胞学为ASC-US及LSIL中的检出率。     

宫颈细胞 HPV E6／E7 mRNA 检测在宫颈病变诊断中的价值

目的：评价高危型人乳头状瘤病毒（ HPV） E6/E7 mRNA检测对宫颈病变的诊断价值。方法520例患者采用b-DNA技术检测HPV E6/E7 mRNA,并用宫颈液基细胞学（ TCT）行宫颈细胞学检查,对其中任何一项阳性者做阴道镜下宫颈活组织检查,以组织病理为金标准,计算HPV E6/E7 mRNA阳性对高级别宫颈上皮内瘤样病变（ CIN）、宫颈浸润癌诊断的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值,并与TCT检查进行比较。结果520例患者中HPV E6/E7 mRNA阳性158例, TCT异常222例。 TCT 异常者中HPV E6/E7 mRNA阳性率较TCT 正常者中HPV E6/E7 mRNA阳性率高（P＜0．05）。146例慢性宫颈炎、CINⅠ级患者与124例高级别CIN、宫颈浸润癌患者中HPV E6/E7 mRNA阳性率比较,P＜0．05。 HPV E6/E7 mRNA阳性对高级别CIN及宫颈浸润癌诊断的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为74．19％、83．33％、58．23％、71．43％,TCT 检查分别为81．53％、69．44％、81．45％、92．28％,两者特异度及阳性预测值比较, P均＜0．05。结论在宫颈癌筛查中检测高危型HPV E6/E7 mRNA对预测高级别CIN,尤其对评估癌症风险有重要的临床价值。     

液基薄层细胞检查及TBS分类在宫颈病变诊断中的应用价值

目的 评价液基薄层细胞检测系统(TCT)及TBS细胞学分类法在宫颈病变诊断中的应用价值.方法 采用TCT检查宫颈细胞并进行TBS细胞学分类诊断,对阳性病例在阴道镜下取活检,以病检结果为金标准,对结果进行分析.结果 TCT检查4032例,发现有异常257例,占6.37%;其中ASCUS含AGUS 157例(3.89%),I.SIL 54例(1.34%),HSIL 38例(0.94%),CA 8例(0.20%);在新疆医科大学第一附属医院接受阴道镜及活检的190例TCT异常者中CIN占45.3%,在104例ASCUS中检出CIN 38例(36.5%),47例LSIL中检出CIN 25例(53.2%);32例HSIL中检出CIN23例(71.9%);SCC 7例,最后活检7例全为癌;TCT法与活检有一定的相关性(P＜0.01).结论 TCT检查能够帮助宫颈癌前病变的正确诊断,TCT检查异常的病例配合阴道镜病理检查进行最后诊断,能及早发现宫颈上皮内早期病变,是防治宫颈癌发生的关键.     

HPV多重感染在宫颈病变中的流行分布及意义

目的探讨人乳头状瘤病毒（HPV）多重感染与宫颈病变发生、发展关系。方法应用HPV基因芯片检测技术,对287例宫颈病变患者（CINⅠ130例、CINⅡ69例、CINⅢ48例、宫颈癌40例）的宫颈液基细胞残余标本进行HPV感染基因型检测,并与组织学检测结果比较。结果287例宫颈病变中HPV感染率为89．9％（258／287）,在CINⅠ、CINⅡ、CINⅢ及宫颈鳞癌多重感染率分别为48．6％、40．3％、31．1％、27．5％,CINI与CINⅢ及宫颈癌比较,P均〈0．05;HPV最常见亚型为HPV16、HPV58及HPV52;多重感染中以二重感染常见（51／105,48．6％）,偶有五重感染（3／105,2．9％）。40岁以下者HPV多重感染率高于40岁以上者。结论宫颈HPV多重感染率有随宫颈病变程度增加有降低趋势,宫颈病变严重程度可能与HPV基因型多寡无关,而与感染HPV亚型的致病能力密切相关;40岁以下者HPV多重感染发生率高。     

Colposcopy referral rate can be reduced by high-risk human papillomavirus triage in the management of recurrent atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion cytology in Finland

The aim of this study was to establish whether a combination of high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing and cervical cytology could reduce colposcopy referral among women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion cytology. We randomized 598 women in the Helsinki area, Finland into three study groups. Different strategies of hrHPV testing, cytology and colposcopy with biopsy were used; subsequent hrHPV test results and cytological findings were compared with histology. The rates of hrHPV positivity and CIN2+ were compared. In total, 62.5% of all samples were hrHPV-positive. Altogether 45 (12.7%) CIN2 or worse (CIN2+) lesions were found in study groups A and B. Among hrHPV-positive women the rate of CIN2+ was 19.0% (n = 43), in contrast with 1.6% (n = 2) among hrHPV-negative women (relative risk = 12.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.6-81.1, P < 0.001). Among all hrHPV-negative women whose cytological findings were normal or ASCUS, dysplastic lesions were uncommon (n = 4/119, 3.4%), and all were CIN1. If these women had not been referred to colposcopy, the number of colposcopies would have been reduced by 33.6%. We conclude that hrHPV testing combined with repeat cervical cytology had a high negative predictive value in patients with recurrent low-grade cervical cytology. This could reduce the referral rate to colposcopy without jeopardizing patient safety.     

Repeat Cytology and Human Papillomavirus Screening Strategies in Detecting Preinvasive Cervical Lesions

The aim of the present study was to determine the value of human papillomavirus (HPV) testing in screening patients with preinvasive cervical lesions.Seven hundred thirty-four women diagnosed with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS+) cervical cytology during routine screening had additional cytologic testing and HPV DNA testing within 6 months of their diagnosis, after which all women who tested positive were referred for colposcopy and biopsy. The test findings were then used to determine the screening value of HPV for diagnosing preinvasive cervical lesions.Cytology and HPV testing were compared by conventional cytology. The odds ratio (OR) of sensitivity using ASCUS+ or low-grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia (LSIL+) as a cutoff for detecting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) II+ was, respectively, 0.78 (0.72, 0.85) and 0.82 (0.70, 0.95) (P < 0.01). The cytology for triage and conventional cytology had different sensitivities using ASCUS+ or LSIL+ as the cutoff (P < 0.01). The cytology or HPV testing and conventional cytology had a difference in sensitivity using ASCUS+, LSIL+, or high-grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia (HSIL+) as the cutoff (P < 0.01). Cytology and HPV testing were also compared with conventional cytology. The OR of specificity using ASCUS+ or LSIL+ as the cutoff for the detection of CIN II+ was 1.97 (1.68, 2.31) and 1.10 (1.02, 1.18), respectively (P < 0.01). The cytology for triage and conventional cytology had a difference in specificity when ASCUS+ or LSIL+ was used as the cutoff (P < 0.01). Finally, the cytology or HPV testing and conventional cytology had a difference in specificity when ASCUS+, LSIL+, or HSIL+ was used as the cutoff (P < 0.01).Cytology and HPV testing and cytology for triage improved the specificity of detecting CIN II+, but this did not improve the sensitivity. Additionally, cytology or HPV testing improved the sensitivity of detecting CIN II+ but not the specificity.     

Application of TruScreen in detecting ASCUS patients

ObjectiveTo explore the application of cervical cancer screening system, TruScreen in detecting atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance (ASCUS) patients.MethodsA total of 42 cases were selected, who were diagnosed as ASCUS by thinprep cytologic test (TCT). Area from site 15 to 20, site 21 to 32 were detected by TruScreen. And the result was compared with those of cases which had positive pathological result of cervical biopsy.ResultsThere were 16 cases with abnormal pathological result in ASCUS cases, including 6 cases with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) I, 6 cases with CIN II, 3 cases with CIN III and 1 case with infiltrating carcinoma. The consistency between TCT and pathological test was 38.10% (16/42). The positive rate of TruScreen at site 15-20 was 61.91% (26/42). There was significant difference in consistency with pathological test between TCT and TruScreen (x²=4.762, P=0.029). The positive rate of TruScreen at site 21-32 was 66.67% (28/42)(Kappa=0.181, P=0.016). There was significant difference in consistency with pathological test between TCT and TruScreen (x²=9.4919, P=0.002). And no case was missed when site 21-32 of patients with CINII and above were detected by TruScreen.ConclusionsTruScreen is effective in detecting ASCUS patients.     

人乳头瘤病毒检测阳性者宫颈黏膜病理表现分析

目的探讨人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）基因亚型检测,在宫颈病变筛查中的意义。方法选择2008年7月1日至12月31日,在台州医院宫颈疾病门诊要求进行宫颈病变筛查的病人,检测HPV-DNA21种亚型。对检测阳性者,常规行阴道镜检查与宫颈活检。结果 3300例病人中,筛查出HPV阳性者990例,阳性率30%,高危型61.8%（612/990）,低危型28.9%（286/990）,未确定型9.3%（92/990）。990例HPV-DNA阳性者行宫颈活检报告：湿疣样改变39.4%（390/990）,慢性宫颈炎21.6%（214/990）,宫颈上皮内瘤变（CIN）Ⅰ级18.8%（186/990）,CINⅡ13.1%（130/990）,CINⅢ4.7%（46/990））,宫颈癌2.4%（24/990）。结论高危型HPV持续感染与宫颈病变密切相关,高危型HPV检测可进一步浓缩高风险人群,使筛查更加有针对性,而感染HPV不等同于患宫颈癌。     

Linear array genotyping and hybrid capture II assay in detecting human papillomavirus genotypes in women referred for colposcopy due to abnormal Papanicolaou smear

The main objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping in women referred for colposcopy due to abnormal Papanicolaou (Pap) smear. A series of 248 women referred for colposcopy due to an abnormal Pap smear were analysed with the Roche Linear Array HPV genotyping test detecting 37 most frequent HPV types, and compared with hybrid capture II (HCII) assay for oncogenic (high-risk [HR] HPV) types as well as for p16INK4a expression using immunocytochemistry. All tests were performed in cervical samples collected in PreservCyt liquid media for liquid-based cytology (ThinPrep), and colposcopic biopsy and/or loop electro excision procedure cone biopsy was used as the gold standard. HPV16 was the single most frequent genotype (29/258; 11.7%), followed by HPV51 (4.4%), HPV66 (3.6%), HPV42, 52 and 56 (3.2% for all). Linear array genotyping test significantly predicts both abnormal colposcopy (odds ratio [OR] = 9.0; 3.12-25.93), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (OR = 9.6; 1.26-74.17) and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 3+ (OR = 29.3; 3.95-218.06). In detecting CIN3, linear array was equivalent (97.6%) to colposcopy in sensitivity (SE), both being superior to HCII (92.7%). Concordance between linear array and HCII was moderate (Cohen's kappa kappa = 0.547; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.435-659). Specificity (SP) and positive predictive value (PPV) of linear array were significantly improved, if only HPV16 genotype was considered. Performance in the best balance is obtained, when linear array and colposcopy are combined, giving 82.9% SE, 93.9% SP, 73.9% PPV and 96.3% negative predictive value (NPV) as predictor of CIN3+ (OR 74.5; 95% CI: 27.36-202.72). In conclusion, linear array for HR-HPV is a highly sensitive test (97.6%) with high NPV (98.9%) in detecting CIN3+ lesions. HPV16 genotyping alone significantly improves SP and PPV of this test in management of women with abnormal cytology.