福州市20岁以上人群阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征流行病学调查

目的 了解福州市20岁以上人群阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患病率及危险因素情况,为该病防治及开展前瞻性研究提供依据和基线资料.方法 采用随机整群抽样的方法对福州市五区部分20岁以上常住居民5500名进行入户调查;随机抽取打鼾≥13级315名、打鼾2级100名被调查者,进行整夜多导睡眠呼吸监测,推算人群中OSAHS的患病率;并对OSAHS发生进行相关危险因素分析.结果 实际完成调查人数4595名,应答率83.55%,有效问卷4286份,有效率93.28%;习惯性打鼾606名(14.14%),以呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)≥5次/h加Epworth嗜睡量表评分≥9分为标准,推算人群中OSAHS患病率为4.78%;多元逐步回归分析发现年龄、吸烟量、打鼾家族史、颈围、腰围及上气道异常是OSAHS发生的危险因素.结论 鼾症、OSAHS发生率高,应根据其在福州市流行特点制定相应防治策略,降低OSAHS发生中可变危险因素的作用,使其患病率及危害降到最低.     

某市出租车司机睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患病率及相关危险因素分析

目的:调查武汉市部分出租车司机睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)的患病率,分析相关危险因素。方法:对前来体检的出租车司机进行问卷调查(ESS),并对2级以上鼾症者进行便携式睡眠监测,推算发病率,同时分析相关危险因素。结果:参加体检司机600余人,调查人数389人以呼吸紊乱指数≥5次/h,诊断OSAHS 46人(便携式睡眠呼吸检测,SW-SM2000C多导睡眠诊断分析仪),发病率为11.8%,危险因素为年龄,肥胖,是否宵夜和体育锻炼等。2级以上打鼾的司机在开车时有困意发生,发生或险些发生交通事故42%,99%司机否认打鼾与交通事故有关。OSAHS患者治疗0%。结论:OSAHS患者对交通事故有不可忽视的影响,尽早干预,对减少交通事故有重要意义。     

打鼾与睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的关系研究

目的调查打鼾患者睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的患病率,探讨打鼾与夜间低氧的关系。方法采用流行病调查的方法对克拉玛依市天山社区1121例35岁以上常住居民进行人户睡眠问卷调查及夜间呼吸血氧监测。结果鼾症高危组与鼾症低危组在颈围、腹围、氧减指数、夜间最低氧饱和度、呼吸暂停指数等方面比较差异有统计学意义（P均〈0．05）。鼾症组与非鼾症组在体重指数、颈围、腹围、氧减指数、夜间最低氧饱和度、呼吸暂停指数、低通气指数比较差异有统计学意义（P均〈0．01）。鼾症高危组与低危组间睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的发生率比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论打鼾与睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征、夜间低氧相关,睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征与鼾症分级有关,颈围和腹围是打鼾和睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的危险因素。     

长春市20岁以上人群阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征流行病学现况调查

目的调查长春市20岁以上居民阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）的患病状况，为该病的防治提供依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方法，选择长春市朝阳区和绿园区部分20岁以上常驻居民3960名为调查对象，进行入户调查，从打鼾≥2级者中随机抽样200名，行整夜睡眠呼吸监测，估算人群OSAHS的患病状况。结果有效问卷3648份（有效率97．64％），≥2级打鼾为31．00％，男性（40．07％）高于女性（21．76％）；不同职业中，司机组最高（42．47％）。以睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）≥5次／h加Epworth嗜睡量表（ESS）评分≥9分、夜间最低血氧饱和度〈90％为标准，估算人群OSAHS的患病率为4．81％。结论长春市20岁以上人群OSAHS的患病率为4.81％，人们对打鼾和OSAHS的发生尚未引起足够的重视，应加强宣传教育工作。     

司机中阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的患病率调查

目的 调查承德市司机OSAHS患病率. 方法 使用随机数字表法对2003年7-8月承德市进行车辆年检的汽车司机进行抽样问卷调查,对部分2级及2级以上打鼾者进行夜间多导睡眠监测仪监测.采用x2检验进行组间比较. 结果 在被调查的718名司机中,从不打鼾者占总数68.3%(490/718),有不同程度打鼾者占31.7%(228/718),其中≥2级打鼾者患病率为16.6%(119/718).随年龄增加,打鼾者的比例呈逐渐上升趋势.男性打鼾者占33.6%(217/646)高于女性15.3%(11/72).吸烟、饮酒、肥胖均增加打鼾患病率.在对鼾症的认知方面,其中43.2%(310/718)司机认为打鼾不是病;16.7%(120/718)认为打鼾是病但不需要治疗;40.1%(228/718)认为打鼾是病且需要治疗;仅1例进行治疗.按呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)35次/h为标准,司机OSAHS的息病率为12.3%(28/228).若结合日间Epworth嗜睡量表(ESS)评分≥9分为标准,司机中OSAHS的患病率为4.1%(9/228). 结论 司机鼾症的患病率为31.7%,OSAHS的患病率为4.1%.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的

睡眠呼吸障碍是与睡眠相关的呼吸道疾患,以睡眠中发生异常呼吸事件为特征,包括上气道阻力综合征、鼾症、阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAHS)、中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征、睡眠低通气综合征及陈-施呼吸等,临床上以OSAHS最常见.OSAHS是以睡眠时反复呼吸暂停、间歇性低氧、睡眠结构紊乱和反复微觉醒为特征,伴或不伴低通气的临床综合征.近年来,随着对人群患病率的流行病学调查,该病患病率之高、并发症之严重越来越引起人们的关注.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的诊断及治疗进展

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS)是具有潜在危险的睡眠呼吸障碍性疾病,以睡眠过程中频繁发生呼吸暂停和低通气为特征,严重影响患者的生活质量及寿命.国外报道OSAHS的患病率为2%～4%,发病率随年龄的增长而增加,是多种全身疾病的独立危险因素;国内林其昌等[1]通过流行病学调查推算人群中OSAHS患病率为4.78%.目前OSAHS已成为危害人类健康的重要公共卫生问题,本文就OSAHS的诊断及治疗进展作一综述.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的研究进展——阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的研究概述

睡眠呼吸障碍是与睡眠相关的呼吸道疾患,以睡眠中发生异常呼吸事件为特征,包括上气道阻力综合征、鼾症、阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（OSAHS）、中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征、睡眠低通气综合征及陈一施呼吸等,临床上以OSAHS最常见。OSAHS是以睡眠时反复呼吸暂停、间歇性低氧、睡眠结构紊乱和反复微觉醒为特征,伴或不伴低通气的临床综合征。近年来,随着对人群患病率的流行病学调查,该病患病率之高、并发症之严重越来越引起人们的关注。     

老年人鼾症对心脑血管的影响

目的　探讨老年人鼾症尤其是睡眠呼吸暂停对心脑血管的影响。方法　 1 1 8例老年鼾症 (观察组 )及74例中青年鼾症 (对照组 )按呼吸暂停低通气指数 ( AHI)分单纯性打鼾 ( SS)组 ( AHI<5 )与睡眠呼吸暂停综合征( SAS)组 ( AHI≥ 5 ) ,比较各组临床症状及合并疾病情况。结果　 1 1 8例老年鼾症中符合 SAS83例 ,检出率达 70 .3% ,但重度 SAS较中青年人少。老年人 SS同样存在缺氧 ,其氧减指数明显高于中青年组 ,最低氧饱和度明显低于中青年组。老年人鼾症合并高血压、冠心病、脑血管疾病比率明显增高。结论　老年人鼾症对心脑血管系统有损害。     

不同生活习惯的鼾症患者高血压和睡眠呼吸暂停综合症的危险因素

目的了解不同生活习惯鼾症患者中发生高血压和阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合症(OSAHS)的危险因素。方法分析248例不同生活习惯鼾症患者的睡眠呼吸障碍和高血压的构成和关系。结果与无嗜好者鼾症比较,单一烟、酒、茶嗜好和两种或以上嗜好者中,高血压的构成无明显差别(p均>0.05)。与单纯鼾症比较,OSAHS高血压患病者明显增加(χ2=6.235,P=0.012)。鼾症患者高血压危险因素是OSAHS和饮茶(OR=1.772,和OR=1.829,P均=0.000)。吸烟是发生OSAHS的危险因素(OR=2.166,P=0.035)。结论阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合症和饮茶是鼾症患者发生高血压的独立危险因素,而饮酒、吸烟并不能证明是高血压的危险因素或保护因素。吸烟是鼾症患者发生OSAHS的危险因素。     

上海市30岁以上人群阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征流行病学调查

目的 调查阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(0SAHS)的人群患病率，为制定该病的防治策略提供依据。方法 采用整群抽样的方法对上海市卢湾区、徐汇区、杨浦区、浦东新区4区6个街道常住30岁以上居民9600人，进行问卷调查；根据打鼾程度，从中、重度组随机抽样150例，行整夜便携式多导睡眠检测仪监测，保守估计人群0SAHS的患病率。结果 实际调查人数8081人(应答率为84．18％)，其中有效问卷6826份(有效率为84．47％)。其中打鼾占57．11％，中、重度打鼾占23．73％。且随着年龄的增加，打鼾比例逐渐增加，70岁后呈下降趋势。男性高于女性，尤见于中、重度。吸烟和饮酒与打鼾程度相关。绝经和月经不规律打鼾的发生率及程度均较规律为高。不同程度打鼾患，日间的嗜唾评分有明显差异。按睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)≥5次h为标准，人群0SAHS的发生率为20．39％。结合日间Epworth嗜唾量表(ESS)评分≥9分为标准，保守估计人群0SAHS的患病率为3．62％。结论 我国大陆30岁以上人群0SAHS患病率保守估计为3．62％，是影响公众健康的重要问题之一，应当引起足够的重视。     

承德市区居民睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患病率入户调查

目的 了解承德市区30岁以上居民唾眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(SAHS)的患病率，为该病的防治提供依据。方法 按照随机整群抽样法，对承德市双桥区部分30岁以上居民进行入户调查，对部分2级及2级以上打鼾进行整夜唾眠呼吸监测。结果 在调查的1168人中打鼾为53．76％，≥2级打鼾为28．25％。≥2级打鼾男性(39．27％)高于女性(17．65％)，统计学上差异有非常显性意义(P＝0．000)。随着年龄增加，打鼾率明显增加。≥2级打鼾在不同职业比较差异均有显性(P＝0．000)，司机组最高(42．00％)。≥2级打鼾中吸烟(41．23％)和饮酒(40．50％)均高于非吸烟(21．36％)和非饮酒(19．73％)。被调查中55．82％认为打鼾不是病，不需要治疗。按唾眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHU)≥5次/h为标准，OSAHS患病率为22．64％，按AHI≥5次/h加Epworth嗜唾量表(ESS)评分≥9分为标准判断，人群患病率为4．63％。结论 承德市30岁以上人群中SAHS患病率为4．63％，打鼾及SAHS是严重危害广大人民群众健康的疾病之一，但未引起人们重视．因此需要进一步搞好宣传教育工作。     

克拉玛依市区35岁以上汉族与维吾尔族人群鼾症流行病调查

目的 调查克拉玛依市区35岁以上汉族与维吾尔族人群打鼾的发病率,并分析其相关危险因素,为该病的防治提供依据.方法 采用整群抽样的方法对克拉玛依市区天山社区和永红社区35岁以上汉族及维吾尔族常住居民进行入户鼾症问卷调查.内容包括打鼾情况、白天嗜睡程度[爱波沃斯评分(ESS评分)],测量血压、身高、体质量、颈围、腹围、腰围及臀围.结果 2600人参加了鼾症问卷调查,实际调查人数为2 533人(应答率在95%以上).有效问卷2 357份(有效率为97.4%),其中汉族1021人,维吾尔族1 336人,打鼾者1 298人(51.2%),汉族打鼾发病率为61.9%,维族打鼾发病率为45.4%.汉族与维族鼾症高危组冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病及高血压发病率明显高于低危组(P值均<0.01).结论 克拉玛依市区35岁以上人群打鼾发病率为52.5%.打鼾随年龄、体质量指数、颈围、ESS评分的增加而增加,肥胖和ESS评分增高是汉族和维族打鼾的主要危险因素.打鼾是高血压、冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的独立危险因素,是影响公众健康的重要问题,应当引起重视.     

Gender differences in symptoms related to sleep apnea in a general population and in relation to referral to sleep clinic

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To study the prevalence, risk factors, and gender differences in symptoms related to obstructive sleep apnea. A secondary objective was to study gender differences in relation to referral to a sleep clinic for sleep investigations. DESIGN AND SETTING: A questionnaire study in a representative sample of the general population. A second cohort included patients referred for sleep apnea investigation between 1991 and 2000 in the same geographic region. PARTICIPANTS: A representative sample of 5,424 subjects aged 20 to 69 years living in northern Sweden. Responses were obtained from 4,648 subjects (85.7%). RESULTS: Of the male respondents, 17.9% stated that snoring was a problem or said that they had relatives who were concerned about witnessed sleep apnea, and of the female respondents, 7.4%. The prevalence of snoring and witnessed apneas increased with age. In men, there was a peak prevalence rate at 55 to 59 years of age, while the corresponding figure in women the peak prevalence rate was at 60 to 64 years of age. Having snoring as a problem and relatives who were concerned about witnessed sleep apnea were independently associated with male gender, age, and current smoking. Snoring as a problem also was associated with higher education. Women who snored reported significantly more daytime sleepiness than did men who snored. The estimated number of subjects aged 20 to 69 years who had snoring as a problem or had relatives who were concerned about witnessed sleep apnea in the population was 21,160. During the previous decade, 3,955 subjects had been referred to sleep laboratories, so < 20% of the estimated number of symptomatic subjects in the population had been referred during this 10-year period. The referral rate ratio for men/women after correction for population and prevalence of symptoms was 1.25:1 (p = 0.012). CONCLUSION: Experiencing snoring as a problem or having relatives who are concerned about witnessed sleep apnea are common findings in the population. However, during the last decade, only about 20% of the subjects with snoring as a problem or with relatives who are concerned about witnessed sleep apnea were referred to sleep laboratories. Women were significantly underrepresented in sleep laboratory referrals, even though women who snored experienced more subjective daytime sleepiness than men.     

高血压专科就诊患者阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的检出率调查

目的调查高血压人群的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)的发生情况和在性别,年龄中的分布情况以及比较不同民族高血压患者中OSAHS的发生。方法 2009-04-01-06-30以高血压为主诉就诊于新疆自治区人民医院高血压专科的高血压患者3391例,经病史询问存在睡眠时打鼾、白天嗜睡,伴或不伴体格检查颈部粗短、下颌短小、舌肥大、无法解释的口舌发绀的疑似OSAHS患者279例,行多导睡眠监测,估算高血压人群的OSAHS的患病率,并分析OSAHS发生的相关危险因素。结果高血压患者中OSAHS的检出率为6.7%(228/3391),而多导睡眠监测的阳性率为81.7%(228/279),其中男性的OSAHS检出率为10.4%,明显高于女性的3.0%(P<0.01);男性OSAHS患者的平均年龄低于女性[(46.6±9.8)比(53.1±9.5)岁,P<0.01]。>30～60岁年龄段的OSAHS检出率最高(8.9%);老年患者重度OSAHS比例高于中青年患者(67.9%比37.5%,P<0.01)。汉族、维吾尔族、哈萨克族、回族和其他民族的OSAHS检出率分别为7.6%(174/2287)、4.7%(37/780)、4.2%(7/145)、4.2%(6/144)和11.4%(4/35),组间比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=11.297,P=0.023)。结论高血压专科就诊的中老年、男性高血压患者中OSAHS检出率较高,不同民族的OASHA检出率不同。     

男性飞行人员鼾症的流行病学调查

目的 调查和分析男性飞行人员鼾症患病率、危险因素和日间嗜睡程度. 方法 采取整群抽样调查法对1108名飞行人员进行问卷调查,对其中1054份有效问卷进行统计学分析,计算鼾症的患病率,比较不同程度鼾症组Epworth嗜睡评分量表(ESS)分值,分析与鼾症相关的危险因素. 结果 男性飞行人员鼾症患病率51.04%(538/1054),中重度鼾症患病率26.28%(277/1054).30岁以上男性飞行人员鼾症患病率63.68%(426/669),中重度鼾症患病率33.33%(223/669).随着年龄增长和体重增加,鼾症患病率和中重度鼾症比例增加.高龄、肥胖、饮酒和鼾症家族史是鼾症的危险因素.非鼾症组及不同程度鼾症组之间日间嗜睡评分的差异具有统计学意义(X2=16.948,P＜0.05). 结论 飞行人员鼾症患病率高,与年龄、体重指数、饮酒和家族史相关.随打鼾程度加重,白天嗜睡评分增加,应予以高度重视.     

Prevalence of signs and symptoms suggestive of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in Guangxi,China

Background

The prevalence, profiles, and potential risk factors of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in China are largely unknown.

Objectives

This study aims to investigate the prevalence, profiles, and potential risk factors for snoring and OSAHS in Guangxi, China, and the association between OSAHS and ethnicity.

Methods

Urban and rural population-based cluster samples were randomly selected in each of eight counties/cities. All residents aged 14 years or older in the selected clusters were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire. A subject was considered to have clinically diagnosed OSAHS if snoring was loud and habitual, breathing pauses were observed, and the subject experienced excessive daytime sleepiness.

Results

Among 12,742 sampled subjects, 10,819 completed the questionnaire (response rate?=?84.9 %). The overall OSAHS prevalence was 4.1 % (men, 5.7 % (5.1–6.3 %); women, 2.4 % (2.0–2.9 %); Zhuang people, 3.2 % (2.8–3.7 %); Han people 6.0 % (5.2–6.8 %).The overall rate of habitual snoring was 11.5 % (men, 17.1 % (16.1–18.1 %); women, 5.6 % (5.0–6.2 %)). Univariate analysis showed that the OSAHS prevalence was significantly higher among the following groups: urban residents, elderly individuals, smokers, drinkers, those with higher body mass indexes (BMI), those with more years of schooling, those with nasal problems, those whose parents are Han, and those who usually sleep in prone position. However, multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that only urban residency, age, smoking status, drinking status, and BMI were the risk factors for OSAHS.

Conclusions

OSAHS is prevalent in individuals aged 14 years or older in Guangxi, China. Han and Zhuang people differ significantly in their obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) prevalence, but this difference is explained by the combination of classic OSA risk factors.     

Snoring and breathing pauses during sleep in the Malaysian population

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of snoring and breathing pauses during sleep, and to assess associated factors, including morbidity and the impact on daytime functioning, in an adult Malaysian population. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of community-dwelling adults aged 30-70 years was conducted. Daytime sleepiness was assessed using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Physical examinations were limited to measurements of body habitus and blood pressure. Results: The sample consisted of 1611 adults (52.9% male). The prevalence of habitual snoring, breathing pauses and excessive daytime sleepiness were 47.3%, 15.2% and 14.8%, respectively. Seven per cent of respondents (8.8% male, 5.1% female) were clinically suspected to have obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS). The independent predictors of habitual snoring were older age, Chinese or Indian ethnicity (compared with Malays), smoking, obesity and use of sedatives. Clinically suspected OSAS and habitual snoring were significantly associated with difficulty in getting up in the morning, morning headache, driving and workplace accidents, hypertension, and ischaemic heart disease. Conclusions: The prevalence of habitual snoring is high in the Malaysian population. Sleep-related breathing disorders in Malaysian adults are associated with significant morbidity.