Pancreatic invasion is a prognostic indicator after radical resection for carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater

Sixty-three patients who had undergone pancreatoduodenectomy for carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater were analyzed with respect to tumor extent and prognosis. The postoperative mortality rate was 3% and overall survival rates 3 and 5 years after surgery were 55% and 46%, respectively. pTNM stage did not reflect prognosis after resection in patients at stages 2 and 3, while pancreatic invasion and regional lymph node metastasis clearly reflected prognosis after resection. Of the 26 patients who had no pancreatic invasion, regional lymph node metastasis was seen in only 19%, whereas of the 37 patients with pancreatic invasion, 62% exhibited lymph node metastasis. These factors were significantly correlated (P<0.001). Pancreatic invasion appeared to be an indirect indicator of regional lymph node metastasis. We conclude that, to improve prognosis for patients with pancreatic invasion, extended resection including extended lymphadenectomy, is a preferable additional procedure.     

Endosonographic criteria for assessment of the depth of duodenal invasion in carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Background: Imaging criteria by endosonography for assessment of the depth of duodenal invasion of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater (papilla carcinoma) have not been established. Methods: Twelve patients with papilla carcinoma were studied. The endosonographic findings were described in each case and depths were evaluated based on endosonographic images of the normal papilla and by comparison with endosonographic images of gastric carcinoma. The information was compared with the histopathological findings of the resected specimens. Results: Imaging criteria were proposed as follows: In d0 or T1, the papilla swelled preserving the basic structure; in d1 or T2, the papilla presented as a tumor but the non‐thickened duodenal fourth (proper muscle) layer was traceable behind the tumor; in d2 or T2, the papilla presented as a tumor fused with the thickened duodenal fourth layer; in d3 or T3–4, the papilla presented as a tumor and the duodenal fourth layer was partially or entirely untraceable behind the tumor. Accuracy of endosonography was 75% by the Japanese classification and 83.3% by the TNM system. Conclusions: Proposed endosonographic criteria are suitable for clinical application for assessing the depth of duodenal invasion of papilla carcinoma.     

贮存式自体输血开展对优化妇科手术用血结构的影响

目的:总结本院2011-2013年贮存式自体输血开展前后,妇科手术用血异体少白细胞红细胞和自身贮血的应用情况。方法:对本院妇科手术台次,异体少白细胞红细胞及贮存式自体血液的使用人数、量及比例分别进行统计。结果:最近3年妇科手术台次逐年上升,异体少白细胞红细胞用量从463.5U下降至320.5U,自体输血量上升至161U。异体输血比例由手术人次的33.61%下降至19.80%,自体输血比例由0上升至22.61%。人均异体少白细胞红细胞使用量由0.783U下降至0.450U,人均自体全血用量由0上升至0.226U。结论:贮存式自体输血开展,使妇科手术用血结构得到优化,其对临床节约用血的影响,得到了规模性,量化体现。     

便秘患者生存质量自评量表PAC-QOL中文版的信度、效度及反应度

目的:测定评价Mapi Research Trust授权的便秘患者生存质量自评量表PAC-QOL中文版的信度、效度和反应度.方法:通过测定283例罗马Ⅲ标准诊断的功能性便秘患者的生存质量对PAC-QOL中文版进行评价.结果:通过探索性因子分析,量表可分为生理、社会心理、担忧和满意度4个公因子,与原版量表基本一致;各条目...     

A long-term surviving patient with cancer of papilla of Vater after local resection

We report successful local resection for cancer of papilla of Vater in an 86-year-old woman. She was referred to our hospital because of right hypochondralgia. Abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography showed marked dilatation of the common bile duct (CBD). Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography disclosed a small shadow defect in the terminal of the dilated CBD. Biopsy of the papilla revealed well-to-moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. Considering her extreme old age and keeping in mind her quality of life after the operation, and the finding that the tumor was localized within the papilla and highly differentiated, we performed local resection. In addition, the intrapancreatic portion of the CBD and part of the main pancreatic duct (MPD) were further resected to secure a negative margin, confirmed by frozen section. The MPD was reapproximated to the duodenal mucosa and a choledocho-duodenostomy was performed for CBD reconstruction. Histopathological examination showed the tumor was papillary adenocarcinoma, 10 × 15 mm in size; there was no invasion beyond the sphincter of Oddi, it had partly infiltrated the CBD, but had not invaded to the pancreas or duodenum. The patient's postoperative course was not eventful and she has had good quality of life for the past 6 years since the operation, without any evidence of recurrence. Although radical pancreaticoduodenectomy is now the standard procedure in patients with malignant tumor of the papilla of Vater, local resection is a reasonable alternative for high-risk patients with highly differentiated, apparently localized carcinomas.     

健脾清肠方联合清肠栓对脾虚湿热证型溃疡性结肠炎患者生存质量的影响

[目的]探讨健脾清肠方联合清肠栓对脾虚湿热证型溃疡性结肠炎患者生存质量的影响。[方法]选取脾虚湿热证型溃疡性结肠炎患者53例,随机数字表法随机分配为试验组（28例）与对照组（25例）;试验组、对照组分别予以健脾清肠方联合清肠栓、5-氨基水杨酸联合清肠栓治疗;治疗8周后,评价2组患者炎症性肠病生存质量问卷（IBDQ）、健康调查简表（SF-36）计分以及证候与症状疗效。[结果]试验组和对照组IBDQ积分分别提高19．3、9．0,SF-36积分分别提高11．1、6．0。2组之间SF-36躯体疼痛维度差异有统计学意义（P〈O．05）。试验组与对照组的证候疗效判定差异无统计学意义（P〉O．05）;单项症状疗效判定中2组仅“乏力”一项差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。[结论]健脾清肠方联合清肠栓的内外合治法能有效改善脾虚湿热证型溃疡性结肠炎患者的生存质量。     

Pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy is applicable to patients with carcinoma of the head of the pancreas: Studies of lymph node metastasis and quality of life

Metastases to the regional lymph nodes of the stomach were studied in patients in whom carcinoma of the head of the pancreas had been resected (51 standard pancreatoduodenectomy and 26 total pancreatectomy). Involvement of gastric lymph nodes was rare (1.3%–3.9%), except of the subpyloric lymph nodes (9.1%). Carcinoma in the five patients with positive gastric lymph nodes, with the exception of the subpyloric nodes, was clinically far advanced: four of the five had liver metastasis or peritoneal dissemination. This suggests that, in terms of preservation of the regional gastric lymph nodes, only subpyloric node involvement has any significance with respect to surgical treatment of carcinoma of the head of the pancreas. There was no significant difference in survival rates after curative resection between standard pancreatoduodenectomy (n=44) and pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy (n=17). In the patients who underwent the pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy for various kinds of periampullary diseases (n=47), postoperative recovery of gastric and small bowel function was temporarily prolonged compared to that after shandard pancreatoduodenectomy (n=44). However, the former group were able to take significantly more calories 6 weeks after the operation. Our study indicates that the pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy with subpyloric lymph node dissection is applicable to the treatment of patients with carcinoma of the head of the pancreas from the viewpoints of both extent of operation and quality of life.     

植物油乳治疗胃溃疡的实验与临床研究

目的：对两种植物油乳──鸦胆子油乳（简称鸦乳）和豆油乳治疗胃溃疡的作用进行观察。方法：首先观察鸦乳对四种胃溃疡动物模型的疗效，进而探讨其对动物胃粘膜内源性PGE2、MDA、SOD活性和氧自由基相对含量的影响，然后通过开放性临床观察和随机双盲对照试验观察其临床疗效。结果：鸦乳对四种胃溃疡动物模型均有疗效（P＜0．01）；豆油乳对应激性胃溃疡动物模型亦有疗效，作用与鸦乳比较，差异无显著性（P＞0．05）；鸦乳增加动物及人体胃粘膜内源性PGE2（P＜0．01），降低动物胃粘膜SOD活性（P＜0．01），减低动物胃粘膜MDA和氧自由基相对含量（P＜0．01）。开放性临床观察及随机双盲对照临床观察均显示，鸦乳治疗胃溃疡的8周有效率＞91．62％，8周愈合率＞75％，疗效优于对照剂西咪替丁（国产）和石蜡油乳（P＜0.01），未发现不良反应。结论：鸦乳和豆油乳治疗胃溃疡的疗效是肯定的，其主要作用机理是增加胃粘膜内源性PGE2、减轻氧自由基对胃粘膜的损害。     

严重肺功能不全伴前列腺增生的临床治疗

目的探讨严重肺功能不全患者伴有前列腺增生的临床治疗。方法经尿道气化电切前列腺增生组织,测定患者肺功能及动脉血气分析。结果测定38例患者手术前后血气分析指标无显著差异(P>0.05);其中34例患者顺利通过围手术期,术后3例并发支气管肺炎,1例为肺不张。平均随访6月,无排尿梗阻症状。结论经尿道气化电切术适合治疗严重肺功能不全伴有前列腺增生患者。     

Recent results: biomarkers of aging

This communication reviews recent papers attempting to identify Biomarkers of Aging (BoA). A BoA is a biological parameter that will predict functional capability at some later age. Few, if any, BoA have been found and this review describes the recent search for BoA. Among others that have been put forward are IL6 and other markers of inflammation, allostatic load, and corticosterone, which have been described primarily in humans. Work in model systems as well as theoretical work are also reviewed.     

Influence of socio-demographic, clinical and functional factors on the severity of dementia

Dementia is one of the most relevant illnesses due to its functional impact on the elderly. The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of socio-demographic, clinical, cognitive and functional factors on the severity of dementia in elderly individuals. One hundred six elderly individuals with a diagnosis of dementia as determined by the DSM-IV/APA participated in the study. Cognition was assessed by the mini-mental state examination (MMSE); functional performance of basic and instrumental activities of daily living (BADLs and IADLs) was assessed by the Katz index (KI), Lawton-Brody index (LBI) and Pfeffer index (PI). The severity of dementia was established through the clinical dementia rating (CDR). In order to determine the influence of factors on the degree of dementia, ordinal regression analysis was performed. Age, MMSE, KI, LBI and PI scores had statistically significant associations to the severity of dementia. However, only the age (odds ratio (OR) = 0.197; confidence interval (CI) = 0.060-0.643) and performance in IADLs (LBI: OR = 1.237, CI = 1.077-1.422; PI: OR = 0.641, CI = 0.548-0.750) were maintained in the final ordinal regression model, R² = 0.818. The results show that elderly individuals over 80 years of age and those with a more compromised performance in IADLs have a greater chance of exhibiting more severe degrees of dementia. These findings suggest that the ability to perform IADLs may be an important variable in differentiating degrees of the severity of dementia.     

TIMP-1和TIMP-2在原发性肝癌生长、浸润及转移中的作用

目的：了解基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子-1(tissue inhibitou of metalloproteinase-1，TIMP-1)和基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子-2(TIMP-2)mRNA及相关抗原在肝癌组织中的定位和表达状态，探讨TIMP-1和TIMP-2在肝癌组织生长、浸润及转移中所起的作用。方法：以TIMP-1和TIMP-2探针及单克隆抗体（McAb）为试剂，采用原位杂交技术及免疫组织化学法检测原发性肝癌、肝高分化腺癌的肝组织中TIMP-1和TIMP-2mRNA及相关抗原的表达，并与10例正常肝组织做对照。结果：20例原发性肝癌患者的肝组织中TIMP-1和TIMP-1mRNA及相关抗原表达的阳性率为90%;9例肝高分化腺癌的腺癌组织中无TIMP-1和TIMP-2mRNA及相关抗原的表达；10例正常肝组织中TIMP-1和TIMP-2mRNA及相关抗原表达均为阴性；TIMP-1和TIMP-2mRNA及相关抗原阳性信号呈现为棕黄色颗粒状，分布在肝细胞浆内，未见细胞核着色；无论是原发性肝癌癌组织还是癌周组织中,TIMP-1的表达强于TIMP-2的表达，癌周组织中TIMP-1和TIMP-2mRNA和相关抗原的表达与肝组织病理改变相关，即肝硬化者表达强，慢性肝炎者表达弱，正常肝组织无表达。结论：原发性肝癌的癌组织中存在TIMP-1和TIMP-2mRNA及相关抗原的表达，其表达强度可能与原发性肝癌的分型有关，它可能通过抑制MMP的活性使ECM降解减少从而阻止癌细胞通过基底膜移出而抑制肝癌细胞向周围浸润及转移。     

不同证型胃炎大鼠能量代谢指标差异的探讨

[目的]探讨不同证型胃炎大鼠能量代谢指标的差异。[方法]选取40只清洁级SD大鼠,随机分成4组:脾胃湿热组,脾胃虚弱组,单纯胃炎组,正常组。造模5周后取胃黏膜和骨骼肌通过酶促反应,检测并比较各组能量代谢指标ATP酶活性。[结果]与正常组胃黏膜和骨骼肌ATP酶活性相比,脾胃虚弱组偏低(P<0.01),单纯胃炎组、脾胃湿热组偏高(P<0.01);单纯胃炎组、脾胃虚弱组均较脾胃湿热组偏低(P<0.05、P<0.01)。[结论]脾胃虚弱组数值明显偏低,表明长期处于脾胃虚弱状态的大鼠ATP合成减少;脾胃湿热组数值明显偏高,表明基础酶活性和能量代谢增高。     

Cytological early detection of cervical carcinoma: possibilities and limitations. Analysis of failures

Gynecological cytology has been intensified in the district of Schwerin since 1968. The incidence of cervical carcinoma decreased from 38.9 per 100,000 women in 1969 to 19.8 in 1991 (50% of the initial figure). The mortality decreased from 25.1 to as little as 7.0 (28% of the initial figure). Because invasive cervical carcinoma is theoretically avoidable, a total of 577 new cases observed from 1980 to 1988 were investigated in respect of participation in screening and reasons for the failures. 317 (55%) of these women did not participate in the examination more than five years before diagnosis of invasive cancer. 260 (45%) of these women were examined by gynecologists once, several times (87 (67%)) or annually (173 (33%)) during a five year period prior to the diagnosis of cancer. An independent review of the smears explained the highest number of negative smears by nonobtaining of representative material and only 19% as a misinterpretation of the cytological finding. The gynecologists failed to: take smears (36 women); carry out a cytological control or histological verification (48); obtain adequate smears (116); consider clinical symptoms (22).The Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology publishes in loose sucession Editorials and Guest editorials on current and/or controversial problems in experimental and clinical oncology. These contributions represent exclusively the personal opinion of the author The EditorsDedicated to Professor Gottfried Geiler, Leipzig, on the occasion of his 65th birthdayThis paper is based on a lecture delivered at the 15th International Cancer Congress of the UICC 16-22 August in Hamburg     

德宏州 驻马店市报告的HIV/AIDS死亡病例的死因调查

目的了解云南省德宏州和河南省驻马店市艾滋病(HIV/AIDS)死亡原因构成。方法 2011年下半年,采用回顾性调查方法,利用定量的"艾滋病死亡原因调查表"获取调查对象相关信息。结果对2010年1月1日-2011年6月30日间云南省德宏州新报告的529死亡病例和河南省驻马店市新报告的631死亡病例进行调查,分别完成523例和627例,死亡病例接受高效抗反转录病毒治疗(HAART)的比例分别为28.7%和67.8%;艾滋病相关死亡病例所占比例分别为65.4%(342/523)和71.0%(445/627),艾滋病无关死亡病例所占比例分别为34.6%(181/523)和29.0%(182/627)。结论德宏州和驻马店市的艾滋病死亡病例的主要死因为艾滋病相关疾病。     

法乐四联症根治术后再次手术24例

目的 :总结法乐四联症 (TOF)根治术后再次手术的原因和时机 ,降低其发生率及手术死亡率。　　方法 :回顾分析 1990年 1月至 1999年 6月 TOF根治术后再次手术的病例。　　结果 :TOF根治术再次手术的常见原因为残余心室间隔缺损 (VSD) ,右心室流出道 (RVOT)疏通不满意 ,三尖瓣关闭不全 (TI)等。　　结论 :防止残余 VSD,正确疏通 RVOT等是防止 TOF根治术后再手术的关键。掌握适当的手术时机和技术可降低再手术的死亡率。     

肝硬化大鼠胃窦Cajal间质细胞的变化

目的观察肝硬化大鼠胃窦Cajal间质细胞的变化,探讨肝硬化胃肠动力障碍的相关机制.方法20只Wister大鼠随机分为肝硬化模型组和对照组,采用四氯化碳溶剂大腿根部皮下注射法制作肝硬化模型,免疫组化染色观察胃窦C-kit阳性Cajal间质细胞的变化,并用透射电镜观察胃窦Cajal间质细胞的超微结构改变.结果与对照组比较,肝硬化组大鼠胃窦C-kit阳性Cajal间质细胞明显减少(P＜0.01),透射电镜观察显示Cajal间质细胞与其他细胞间连接减少,线粒体肿胀、细胞器减少,胞浆内空泡形成.结论肝硬化大鼠胃窦Cajal间质细胞发生明显变化,Cajal间质细胞减少及其超微结构改变可能与肝硬化大鼠胃动力障碍有关.     

Endocrinology of shock

The development of shock initiates a cascade of responses in an effort to reestablish homeostasis. Three of the most important hormonal and neurohumoral changes are the secretion of glucocorticoids, catecholamines, and vasopressin. Regulation of adrenal function is much more complex than originally thought. Hemorrhage is a potent stimulus for cortisol release, and both ACTH and ACTH-independent mechanisms have been described. The ACTH response to its releasing hormone, corticotropin releasing hormone (CRF), is itself amplified by vasopressin, which appears to have intrinsic CRF properties. Because ACTH is synthesized as part of a large precursor molecule (pro-opiomelanocortin) containing the amino acid sequences for several important proteins, stimulation of ACTH release has far-ranging effects, the specifics of which are just being clarified. Norepinephrine and epinephrine levels increase manyfold above baseline within minutes of the onset of hemorrhagic shock. Only patients experiencing cardiac arrest or the rare patient with a very active pheochromocytoma have higher concentrations. The levels reached are far in excess of those required to cause both cardiovascular and metabolic alterations. Because of the presence of the endogenous opiates leucine and methionine enkephalin in the neurosecretory granule, it is very likely that the enkephalins are coreleased with the catecholamines, modifying their cardiovascular effects and producing analgesia. Hypovolemia is also a potent stimulus for vasopressin secretion, which overrides hypotonicity, presenting a clinical picture quite compatible with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, from which it must be differentiated. Vasopressin also is released by pain, nausea, and hypoxia, all of which are likely to be present in the patient with shock.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)