气囊扩张与肉毒毒素注射联合治疗贲门失弛缓症的临床研究

目的：比较单纯小气囊扩张、单纯肉毒毒素(BT)注射和两者联合治疗贲门失弛缓症的疗效与副作用。方法：48例患者随机被分为3组：扩张组只用小气囊扩张治疗；注射组只注射BT治疗；联合组两种方法联合应用。分别于术前，治疗后1周、3个月和1年时比较3组患者的临床症状积分(有效率)、下食管括约肌的压力(LESP)、松弛率(LESRR)。结果：在治疗后1周、3个月和1年时，有效率及治疗前后LESP和LESRR的差值，联合组和注射组该3项指标均高于扩张组；在治疗后l周和3个月时，联合组与注射组相比无明显差异；但1年时，联合组高于注射组。3组均无并发症发生。结论：小气囊扩张术与下食管括约肌内注射BT联合治疗贲门失弛缓症，具有疗效高、持续时间长、患者痛苦小等优点。值得临床上推广应用。     

内镜下注射A型肉毒毒素治疗贲门失弛缓症

目的介绍内镜下注射 A型肉毒毒素（ BTXA）治疗贲门失弛缓症 (AC)的方法,探讨其近期疗效。方法原发性 AC患者 13例,于治疗前和治疗后 1周做症状计分和食管造影（测量贲门开口、 5分钟食管存留造影剂的高度和平均宽度）。内镜下于贲门齿状线上 0.5cm分 4点各注射 BTXA 20U至下食管括约肌。结果治疗次日症状即明显缓解,咽下困难频度、咽下困难程度、反食频度、胸骨后疼痛频度计分均明显减少;贲门开口由治疗前的 (1.5± 1.8)mm增大至 (4.4± 2.4)mm, P< 0.001; 5分钟食管碘柱高度和平均宽度分别由治疗前的 (89.5± 37.4)mm和 (31.9± 11.3)mm降至治疗后的 (14.4± 22.0)mm和 (8.4± 9.4)mm, P< 0.001。结论内镜下注射 BTXA治疗 AC安全、经济、简便易行,近期效果良好。     

内镜下注射肉毒毒素治疗贲门失弛缓症的临床研究

目的探讨内镜下注射肉毒毒素治疗贲门失弛缓症的治疗效果。方法对30例贲门失弛缓症患者进行内镜下注射肉毒毒素治疗,观察其疗效。结果治疗后患者症状及LESP、LESRR均有改善。结论肉毒毒素治疗贲门失弛缓症,方法简单,疗效较好,值得临床推广应用。     

气囊扩张和肉毒毒素注射治疗贲门失弛缓食管动力变化的比较

目的 了解经内镜气囊扩张和肉毒毒素注射2种方法治疗贯门失弛缓症后食管动力的改变。方法 118例经内镜、钡餐及食管测压确诊为贲门失弛缓症患者随机分为2组:扩张组56例,注射组62例,分别采用内镜下气囊扩张和肉毒毒素注射方法。治疗前、治疗后1周内测定下食管括约肌压力(LESP)、下食管括约肌松弛压(LESRP)以及下食管括约肌松弛率(LESR)等指标,并观察患者症状缓解情况。结果 2组治疗前食管动力学3个指标无统计学差异,扩张组治疗后LESP降至(6.03±3.45)mm Hg,LESRP为(-0.11±2.34)mm Hg,LESRR升至92.50％±13.86％,与治疗前相比,差异均有显著性意义。注射组治疗后LESP降至(23.16±16.17)mm Hg,与治疗前相比,差异有显著性意义,LESRP、LESRR与治疗前相比,差异无显著性意义。临床疗效,扩张组:显效45例,改善11例;注射组:显效15例,改善38例,无效9例。结论 气囊扩张法治疗贲门失弛缓近期疗效较肉毒毒素注射法要好,临床症状的改善同LESP及LESRP的降低,特别是LESRP的降低有非常密切的对应关系。     

肉毒毒素治疗贲门失弛缓症

贲门失弛缓症(achalasia,AC)的病因和发病机制尚未完全阐明,有学者认为下食管括约肌(LES)不能松弛的机制是肠肌丛内抑制性神经元的选择性丧失,导致乙酰胆碱引起肌缩神经的无对抗性兴奋[1].LES持续性收缩,引起咽下困难、食物反流和胸骨后疼痛等症状.曾有人[2]将本病分为典型(classic)型和高动力(vigorous)型,前者食管明显扩张且缺乏蠕动,后者食管扩张较轻,有高振幅的同步收缩,胸痛症状较突出.但后来Goldenbarg et al[3]证实两者并无明显差别,认为以食管的收缩振幅作为AC分类的标准是不可靠的.我院曾收治1例17岁的男性患者,病程12+mo,1 a前因急性上呼吸道感染,在输液抗炎治疗的过程中出现咽下困难等AC的症状,推测本病的发生是否与病毒感染或某些药物有关,尚待进一步探讨.     

肉毒毒素治疗贲门失弛缓症的临床研究

目的验证肉毒毒索治疗贲门失弛缓症（AC）的疗效，提出延长药效的优化方案。方法对16例贲门失弛缓症的病人进行内镜下肉毒毒素环形点注后临床观察。结果通过内镜注药治疗前后症状积分降低与贲门扩张程度差异均有非常显著性（P〈0．001）。反转注射法与常规法、定期复注与单注法2项比较，其延长疗效作用差异均有显著性（P〈0.05）。结论肉毒毒素治疗AC是有效的疗法，而针头刺入深度、定期复注和反转注射法等优化方案，是治疗AC更为有效而实用的途径。     

内镜下气囊扩张治疗贲门失弛缓症

贲门失弛缓症 (Achalasia,AC)为食管运动功能障碍性疾病 ,症状顽固。近年来 ,我院采用内镜下引导及监控 Regiflex气囊扩张治疗 AC,取得了良好疗效 ,可供参考。1　材料与方法1.1　一般资料　 1999年 10月以来收治 AC患者 14例 ,男 12例 ,女 2例 ,年龄 19～ 60岁 ,平均 37.7岁。病史 4个月～ 10年 ,平均 5 .6年。其中萨氏扩张器扩张术后复发患者 1例。1.2　诊断标准　 14例患者均有不同程度的吞咽困难 ,食后呕吐及明显消瘦 13例 (93% ) ,返酸、嗳气 1例(7% ) ,胸痛及胸骨后不适 2例 (14% )。本组 14例均行 X线及内镜检查 ,根据临床表现结…     

气囊扩张和肉毒毒素注射治疗贲门失弛缓症中远期疗效比较的荟萃分析

背景：一些随机对照试验比较了气囊扩张和肉毒毒素注射治疗贲门失弛缓症的中远期疗效。但结论不尽一致。目的：评价气囊扩张和肉毒毒素注射治疗贲门失弛缓症的中远期疗效。方法：通过GUT、中国生物医学文献数据库（CBMdisc）、PubMed和维普中文科技期刊全文数据库（VIP）检索有关比较气囊扩张和肉毒毒素注射治疗贲门失弛缓症中远期（6～12个月）疗效的研究，行荟萃分析。应用RevMan4．2软件，采用固定效应模型分析各研究中两组中远期症状缓解率的OR值，荟萃分析总OR值。结果：气囊扩张组贲门失弛缓症的中远期症状缓解率显著高于肉毒毒素注射组（OR：3．06，95％CI：1．82～5．14，P〈0．0001）。结论：气囊扩张治疗贲门失弛缓症的中远期疗效显著优于肉毒毒素注射疗法，临床医师可根据患者的耐受程度、治疗需达到的目的等因素选择治疗方案。     

A型肉毒毒素局部注射治疗贲门失弛缓症前后的食管动力研究

目的探讨A型肉毒毒素局部注射治疗贲门失弛缓症前后的食管动力变化及疗效.方法在内镜下用Wilson-Cook、25G注射针选择贲门齿状线上1cm部位3、6、9、12点于食管黏膜面45°角进针5mm注射A型肉毒毒素(兰州生物制品研究所生产,(97)卫药准字(兰)S-01号),每点20～25U,共80～100U,术后禁食4～6小时.用瑞典CTDPCPolyraf多导胃肠功能测定仪对7例患者分别于注射治疗前后作了下食管括约肌静息压(LESP)压力及松弛率(LESR)、吞水时食管体部蠕动以及食管内24小时pH检测.结果7例患者治疗前静息压(LESP)为(7.58±1.65)kPa,松弛率(LESR)为(29.69±3.44)%,吞水时食管体部均为细小杂乱低平非推进性收缩波,治疗后1周LES静息压(LESP)降至(3.51±0.38)kPa,松弛率(LESR)为(51.94±3.58)%明显升高(P＜0.01);吞水时食管体部均为细小杂乱低平非推进性收缩波,治疗后1周出现低平规律性同步蠕动波;注射治疗前后食管24小时pH检测显示无异常反流,临床症状明显改善,可进半流质及普食.7例均未发生任何并发症.结论贲门失弛缓症患者存在明显的食管动力障碍,A型肉毒毒素局部注射治疗是行之有效的方法,无副作用,也无并发症,门诊即可进行,且费用低.     

贲门失弛缓症内镜下注射肉毒毒素与气囊扩张术疗效比较的系统评价

目的 系统评价内镜下注射肉毒毒素与气囊扩张治疗贲门失弛缓症的有效性和安全性.方法 应用国际Cochrane协作网系统评价方法进行评价.结果 共纳人12个试验包括559例患者.Meta分析显示:(1)短期总有效率内镜下气囊扩张治疗优于内镜下注射肉毒毒素治疗(83.21%比71.27%,P<0.01).(2)长期总有效率内镜下气囊扩张治疗优于内镜下注射肉毒毒素治疗(54.59%比27.60%,P<0.01).(3)临床复发率内镜下注射肉毒毒素治疗高于内镜下气囊扩张治疗(55.66%比18.84%,P<0.01).(4)副作用及并发症发生率内镜下气囊扩张治疗高于内镜下注射肉毒毒素治疗(13.01%比1.35%,P<0.01).结论 目前的证据表明:内镜下注射肉毒毒素与气囊扩张均有较好的短期疗效和安全性,内镜下气囊扩张治疗在长期疗效上更优于内镜下注射肉毒毒素.     

肉毒毒素注射联合球囊扩张治疗贲门失弛缓症的临床价值

目的探讨肉毒毒素注射联合球囊扩张术在治疗贲门失弛缓症中的临床价值。方法选取贲门失弛缓症患者35例，分为两组，其中18例行球囊扩张术（扩张组），17例行肉毒毒素注射联合球囊扩张术（联合组）。随访12个月观察临床症状评分，测量食管钡餐摄片的钡柱高及宽。结果两组患者经治疗后临床症状明显改善，在术后1周、3个月两组的临床症状的缓解差异无统计学意义（P〉0．1），术后6、12个月联合治疗的临床症状缓解优于单独球囊扩张组（P〈0．05）。两组治疗后食管钡餐摄片观察均较治疗前明显好转（P〈0．05），术后1周联合组和单纯扩张组间食管排空差异无统计学意义，12个月联合组和单纯扩张组间食管排空差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论肉毒毒素注射联合球囊扩张可以有效的缓解患者症状，远期疗效优于单独球囊扩张。     

A multicentre randomised study of intrasphincteric botulinum toxin in patients with oesophageal achalasia. GISMAD Achalasia Study Group

BACKGROUND: Intrasphincteric injection of botulinum toxin (Botx) has been proposed as treatment for oesophageal achalasia. However, the predictors of response and optimal dose remain unclear. AIMS: To compare the effect of different doses of Botx and to identify predictors of response. PATIENTS/METHODS: A total of 118 achalasic patients were randomised to receive one of three doses of Botx in a single injection: 50 U (n=40), 100 U (n=38), and 200 U (n=40). Of those who received 100 U, responsive patients were reinjected with an identical dose after 30 days. Clinical and manometric assessments were performed at baseline, 30 days after the initial injection of botulinum toxin, and at the end of follow up (mean 12 months; range 7-24 months). RESULTS: Thirty days after the initial injection, 82% of patients were considered responders without a clear dose related effect. At the end of follow up however, relapse of symptoms was evident in 19% of patients who received two injections of 100 U compared with 47% and 43% in the 50 U and 200 U groups, respectively. Using Kaplan-Meier analysis, patients in the 100x2 U group were more likely to remain in remission at any time (p<0.04), with 68% (95% CI 59-83) still in remission at 24 months. In a multiple adjusted model, response to Botx was independently predicted by the occurrence of vigorous achalasia (odds ratio 3.3) and the 100x2 U regimen (odds ratio 3.2). CONCLUSIONS: Two injections of 100 U of Botx 30 days apart appeared to be the most effective therapeutic schedule. The presence of vigorous achalasia was the principal determinant of the response to Botx.     

麻醉胃镜下贲门失弛缓症气囊扩张治疗的临床研究

目的 研究麻醉胃镜下贲门失弛缓症气囊扩张治疗的效果及患者对治疗的反应。方法 贲门失弛缓症患者15例,在确诊后应用咪唑安定和丙泊酚行麻醉胃镜下气囊扩张治疗。观察患者扩张治疗中的反应,记录操作时间、清醒时间及检查前中后心率、血压及血氧饱和度变化,记录扩张治疗前、治疗后3 d临床症状积分及测压指标。结果 麻醉时所有患者均入睡,无术中知晓,一般于术后1-5 min内唤醒。患者扩张治疗直至术后苏醒需17-27 min,平均23.2 min。检查中及检查后无心率、血压及血氧饱和度的改变。扩张治疗后22患者的临床症状与治疗前相比明显改善(P<0.01)。结论 在扩张治疗中引入麻醉胃镜技术,减轻了患者痛苦、增加了治疗的依从性。麻醉中保持呼吸道通畅,严密监测心率、血压及血氧饱和度是治疗安全、可行的保证。     

Achalasia: outcome of patients treated with intrasphincteric injection of botulinum toxin.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the safety and clinical efficacy of botulinum toxin (BT) in patients with achalasia followed up for six months. METHODS: Fifty five symptomatic patients with manometrically proven achalasia were included in a multicentre prospective trial. Before and two weeks and two months after intrasphincteric injection of BT, symptoms of dysphagia, regurgitation, and chest pain were scored on a 0-3 scale, and lower oesophageal sphincter pressure (LOSP) was assessed. The symptom score was determined again at six months, clinical improvement being defined by < or = 3, relapse by > 3, and failure as a relapse after two injections or loss to follow up. RESULTS: Except for transient chest or epigastric pain (22%), no side effects were observed. There was a significant decrease in LOSP after treatment. Symptom scores were significantly improved at two weeks (2.0 (SD 1.6)), two months (1.7 (1.8)), and six months (1.9 (2.0)) compared with pretreatment values (5.1 (1.8), p < 0.001). At six months, 33 patients had clinical improvement (27 after one injection), 17 were considered failures, and five had just relapsed. Although there was a trend for age (older patients being more responsive), age, sex, prior duration of symptoms, initial symptom score, weight loss, LOSP, magnitude of oesophageal contractions, vigorous or non-vigorous achalasia, previous dilatations, and radiological features were not predictive of results. CONCLUSIONS: This multicentre series confirms that intrasphincteric injection of BT is a safe procedure, resulting in clinical improvement in 60% of patients with achalasia at six months. The therapeutic role of BT in achalasia needs further evaluation with regard to other alternatives.     

Echoendoscopic evaluation of botulinum toxin intrasphincteric injections in Chagas' disease achalasia

Botulinum toxin (BT) has recently been indicated as an alternative treatment of idiopathic achalasia with a success rate of 60-70%. One-third of BT-treated cases either fail to respond or fail to sustain the response beyond 6 months. An explanation for BT therapeutic failure would be that the lower esophageal sphincter muscular layer (LES) may be missed as injection is delivered 'blindly'. We aimed to evaluate the percentage of exact endoscopically 'blind' LES punctures using echoendoscopy after the injection of BT for the treatment of Chagas' achalasia (CA). Five patients with CA (mean age 53 years) were randomized to receive 1.2 ml of BT or the same amount of saline injected endoscopically. Echoendoscopy was performed immediately after puncture. Patients were evaluated by the clinical score of dysphagia, radiological examination, upper endoscopy and esophageal manometry and followed up for 6 months. All puncture sites were identified: 17 out of 20 (85%) in the muscle layer and 3 out of 20 (15%) in the submucosa. The three patients in the treatment group showed clinical improvement (average clinical score fell from 14 to 2 after 7 days, and remained at 4 after 6 months of follow-up). The mean pressure of the LES dropped by 29%. Neither patient in the placebo group showed clinical improvement, and the mean pressure of the LES increased by 35%. Endoscopic 'blind' injection of BT into the LES through endoscopy for the management of achalasia is a safe and reproducible technique and has a high percentage of exactness.     

经内镜球囊扩张治疗贲门失弛缓症

目的 探讨经内镜球囊扩张术治疗贲门失驰缓症的疗效和安全性。方法 经内镜应用单、双食管球囊扩张导管扩张,术后定期随访和检查,观察患者临床症状缓解与复发、内镜和X线钡餐检查结果。结论 43例患者治疗后吞咽困难症状都得到缓解,患者有贲门粘膜撕裂、擦伤、渗血等,未发生穿孔、哎血或黑便等并发症。随访时间3个月～4.8年,平均2.6年。治疗后1/2、1、2、3年症状缓解率依次为90.7%(39/43)、85.3%(29/34)、82.6%(19/23)、82.4%(14/17）,症状复发率依次为9.3%(4/43)、14.7%(5/34）、17.4%(4/23）、17.6%(3/17）。此外,随访出现反酸16例（37.2%）、烧心13例（30.2%）,诊断I期反流性食管炎6例（14.0%）。结论 经内镜球囊扩张术治疗贲门失驰缓症在近期或远期疗效都比较满意,也比较安全。