沙美特罗-丙酸氟替卡松治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病的疗效分析

目的分析沙美特罗-丙酸氟替卡松治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的临床疗效及对STAT通路蛋白的影响; 方法纳入我院2017年4月至2020年11月期间诊治的COPD患者76例,随机分为沙美特罗组25例、丙酸氟替卡松组27例和沙美特罗联合丙酸氟替卡松联合组24例。沙美特罗组给予沙美特罗治疗,丙酸氟替卡松组给予丙酸氟替卡松治疗和联合组给予沙美特罗-丙酸氟替卡松治疗。观察治疗前后肺功能参数一秒用力呼气容积(FEV₁)、用力肺活量(FVC)和EFV₁/FVC的变化,并以免疫组织化学染色法检测治疗前后血清中白细胞介素、基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、B型利钠肽(BNP)和STAT通路蛋白的表达变化; 结果治疗后,联合组EFV₁、FVC及FEV₁/FVC水平高于沙特美罗组、丙酸氟替卡组,STAT1、STAT2、STAT3、IL-1、IL-2、IL-6、MMP2、MMP3、CRP及BNP蛋白表达水平低于沙特美罗组、丙酸氟替卡组(P<0.05)。沙特美罗组EFV₁、FVC及FEV1/FVC水平及STAT1、STAT2、STAT3、IL-1、IL-2、IL-6、MMP2、MMP3、CRP、BNP蛋白表达水平均无差异(P>0.05) ; 结论沙美特罗-丙酸氟替卡松治疗老年COPD可有效调控STAT通路蛋白,抑制炎性介质蛋白及MMP蛋白表达,缓解炎性反应,避免肺组织损伤,改善患者症状。     

穴位埋线联合舒利迭治疗支气管哮喘的疗效

目的研究穴位埋线联合沙美特罗/丙酸氟治疗替卡松对支气管哮喘患者的疗效。方法将符合选择标准的患者随机分为对照组和观察组。对照组吸入沙美特罗/丙酸氟替卡松,观察组在吸入沙美特罗/丙酸氟替卡松的基础上加穴位埋线,分别于治疗前后进行症状评分、肺功能测定,检测外周血T细胞亚群、血清细胞因子IL-4和IFN-γ水平的变化。结果两组患者治疗后ACT评分及肺功能均明显提高(均P<0.05),而观察组患者ACT评分、FEV1占预计值/%及FEV1/FVC(%)改善程度明显优于对照组,与对照组比较有统计学意义(均P<0.05);观察组患者联合治疗后外周血CD4+、CD4+/CD8+有显著升高(均P<0.05);两组患者治疗后血清IL-4水平降低、IFN-γ水平升高,与治疗前比较差异有显著性(均P<0.05),而与对照组治疗后比较,观察组血清中IFN-γ水平显著升高(P<0.05)。结论穴位埋线联合沙美特罗/丙酸氟替卡松治疗支气管哮喘疗效确切,可改善患者临床症状及肺功能,提高免疫力。     

ACO患者血清Fbg、FeNO、IgE水平变化与肺功能相关性研究

目的探讨支气管哮喘-慢性阻塞性肺疾病重叠综合征(ACO)患者血清中纤维蛋白原(Fbg)、呼出气一氧化氮(FeNO)、免疫球蛋白E(IgE)的变化水平与肺功能的相关性。 方法选择2016年1月至2018年5月期间在我院接受治疗的支气管哮喘急性发作期患者56例,慢阻肺急性加重期患者51例,ACO急性加重期患者45例,同时选取50例健康者作为对照。检测受试对象的外周血嗜酸性粒细胞数量、Fbg和IgE水平、FeNO以及肺功能指标。采用Pearson相关性分析Fbg、FeNO、IgE与1 s用力呼气容积(FEV₁),FEV₁改善值,用力肺活量(FVC)的关系。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,并计算Fbg、FeNO、IgE指标曲线下面积(AUC)。 结果①三组患者嗜酸性粒细胞数量和血浆IgE水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05);但是三组患者之间比较,未见统计学差异(P>0.05)。ACO患者血清Fbg水平高于哮喘组患者(P<0.05),FeNO检测值高于慢阻肺患者(P<0.05);②ACO患者FEV₁、FEV₁改善值和FVC值明显高于对照组和慢阻肺组受试者,但是FEV₁值高于哮喘组患者,而FEV₁改善值和FVC值低于哮喘组患者(P<0.05);③ACO患者血浆Fbg水平与FEV₁、FEV₁改善值和FVC值均呈负相关性(P<0.05),而FeNO值仅与FEV₁值呈负相关性(P<0.05)。而血浆IgE水平与FEV₁改善值呈正负关性(P<0.05);④经ROC曲线分析,Fbg、FeNO、IgE联合检测ROC曲线的AUC为0.892(95%CI：0.773-0.948),敏感性和特异性分别为89%和78%。 结论Fbg、FeNO和IgE与ACO患者肺功能指标密切相关,有助于临床鉴别ACO、支气管哮喘以及慢性阻塞性肺疾病。     

EOS、总IgE与儿童哮喘严重程度和肺功能的相关性

目的分析血嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)、总IgE与儿童哮喘严重程度和肺功能的相关性。 方法选择2018年1月至2021年1月我院收治并确诊的55例支气管哮喘患儿,根据病情严重程度分为轻度组18例、中度组22例、重度组15例。对比不同病情严重程度组儿童血清EOS、总IgE、FeNO及肺功能第1秒用力呼气容积占预测值百分比(FEV₁% pred)、呼气峰值流速(PEF)和用力肺活量(FVC)水平变化;观察给予吸入性糖皮质激素(ICS)治疗前后,哮喘组儿童上述指标变化情况;采用Spearman秩相关和Pearson相关性分析血清EOS、总IgE与儿童哮喘FeNO、病情严重程度及肺功能的相关性。 结果哮喘组儿童FeNO及血EOS%、总IgE水平升高,肺功能指标FEV₁% pred、PEF、FVC明显降低(P<0.05);重度哮喘组上述指标高于/低于中度组,中度组高于/低于轻度组(P<0.05)。ICS治疗后,哮喘组儿童FeNO及血EOS%、总IgE水平较治疗前降低,肺功能指标升高,治疗前后差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。儿童哮喘血EOS%和总IgE水平呈正相关(P<0.05);血EOS%、总IgE与FeNO和病情严重程度呈正相关,与FEV₁% pred呈负相关(P<0.05),与PEF和FVC未见显著相关性(P>0.05)。 结论儿童哮喘血EOS和总IgE水平明显升高,与FeNO、病情严重程度及肺功能相关,监测血EOS和总IgE水平变化可为儿童哮喘的临床诊治和病情监测提供参考。     

孟鲁司特钠对儿童哮喘急性发作期的疗效及气道功能的影响

目的分析孟鲁司特钠联合长效β₂受体激动剂治疗哮喘急性发作期的临床疗效及对气道功能的影响。 方法选取我院2019年8月至2021年6月接诊的87例支气管哮喘急性发作患儿作为对象,随机分为观察组和对照组,对照组43例给予单一长效β₂受体激动剂治疗,观察组44例在对照组基础上联合孟鲁司特钠咀嚼片治疗,两组患儿均于治疗1周后评估临床疗效,比较两组患儿治疗前后炎症因子水平[血清嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)计数、嗜酸性粒细胞阳离子蛋白(ECP)及白细胞介素-4(IL-4)]、气道功能指标[用力肺活量(FVC)、第1 s用力呼气容积(FEV₁)及最大呼气峰流速(PEF)]及治疗期间不良反应发生情况。 结果观察组治疗有效率(95.45%)高于对照组(81.39%),(P<0.05);治疗后,两组患儿的ECP、IL-4及EOS水平较治疗前均降低,且观察组均低于对照组,(P<0.05);治疗后,两组患儿的PEF及FEV₁/FVC水平均高于治疗前,且观察组均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患儿不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论给予支气管哮喘患儿孟鲁司特钠联合长效β₂受体激动剂治疗,有效提高患儿的临床治疗效果,改善气道功能,降低炎症因子水平。     

宣肺通络平喘汤辅助丙酸氟替卡松治疗哮喘效果及对患者血清SFRP5、YKL-40水平的影响

目的 探讨宣肺通络平喘汤辅助丙酸氟替卡松治疗哮喘效果及对患者血清分泌性卷曲相关蛋白(SFRP)5、甲壳质酶蛋白(YKL)-40水平的影响。方法 将116例支气管哮喘患者随机分为观察组和对照组各58例。对照组给予丙酸氟替卡松,观察组同时给予宣肺通络平喘汤治疗。比较两组临床疗效、临床症状好转时间、中医证候评分、肺功能、炎性指标、血清SFRP5及YKL-40水平。结果 观察组治疗后总效率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);与对照组相比,观察组临床症状好转时间及中医证候评分明显降较低(P<0.05);治疗后观察组肺功能指标[第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)水平和FEV1/FVC]明显高于对照组,炎症因子水平及血清YKL-40水平明显低于对照组,血清SFRP5水平明显高于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论 宣肺通络平喘汤辅助丙酸氟替卡松治疗哮喘患者可以降低YKL-40水平,提高SFRP5水平,具有较好的临床疗效。     

沙美特罗替卡松粉吸入剂对轻中度支气管哮喘的疗效分析

目的研究沙美特罗替卡松粉吸入剂治疗轻中度支气管哮喘的临床疗效。方法将117例轻中度支气管哮喘患者随机分为观察组和对照组各57例,对照组给予丙酸氟替卡松气雾剂局部吸入治疗,观察组给予沙美特罗替卡松粉吸入剂(舒利迭)局部吸入治疗。结果观察组患者FEV1、FEV1(%)及PEF均显著高于对照组患者(P<0.05),根据患者哮喘症状、体征评价治疗效果,观察组患者治疗总有效率94.7%显著高于对照组78.9%(P<0.05)。结论沙美特罗替卡松粉吸入剂治疗轻中度支气管哮喘可显著控制症状,改善肺功能并预防发作,疗效明显,值得临床推广应用。     

孟鲁司特联合氟替卡松吸入治疗支气管哮喘的效果观察

目的观察孟鲁司特联合氟替卡松吸入对支气管哮喘的治疗效果。方法共有200例支气管哮喘患者参加研究。患者随机分为观察组(100例)和对照组(100例),除基本治疗外,观察组给予孟鲁司特联合氟替卡松吸入,对照组给予异丙托溴铵联合氟替卡松吸入,主要终点为哮喘恶化,次要终点为因症状加重增加皮质激素治疗、症状恶化及FEV1减低。结果观察组治愈率、症状缓解率优于对照组,哮鸣音持续时间明显缩短(P<0.05)。哮喘恶化无显著差异,治疗后FEV1显著改善(P<0.05)。结论孟鲁司特联合氟替卡松吸入治疗支气管哮喘有显著效果,不亚于异丙托溴铵联合氟替卡松吸入效果。     

布地奈德与白三烯拮抗剂对哮喘患儿肺功能及FeNO的意义

目的分析吸入布地奈德联合白三烯拮抗剂对哮喘患儿肺功能及呼出气一氧化氮(FeNO)的影响。 方法选择2016年1月至2019年12月在我院诊治的86例哮喘患儿,观察组45例、对照组41例,观察组采用吸入布地奈德联合白三烯拮抗剂治疗,对照组采用吸入布地奈德治疗;比较两组通气肺功能呼气峰流速值(PEF)、第一秒用力呼吸量(FEV₁)、一秒用力呼气容积与用力肺活量的比值(FEV₁/FVC%)、最大呼气中段量(MMEF25、50、75)、FeNO、症状消失时间、不良反应及治疗后6个月内急性发作次数、哮喘急性发作再住院次数及院时间。 结果两组治疗后PEF、FEV₁、FEV₁/FVC、MMEF25、50、75均较治疗前显著上升,FeNO较治疗前显著下降,且观察组PEF、FEV₁、FEV₁/FVC、MMEF25、50、75显著高于对照组,FeNO显著低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组哮鸣音、咳嗽、湿啰音及喘息消失时间较对照组短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义;且观察组哮喘急性发作次数、急性发作再住院次数均较对照组少,院时间较对照组短(P<0.05)。 结论较单纯吸入布地奈德治疗哮喘患儿,联合白三烯拮抗剂对肺功能、气道炎症的改善更显著,有利于症状改善,减少哮喘急性发作次数。     

益生菌辅治小儿哮喘及对S100β蛋白、TLR4与炎性免疫因子的影响

目的分析益生菌辅治小儿支气管哮喘(BA)及对S100β蛋白、TLR4与炎性免疫因子的影响； 方法选择我院2016年1月至2019年12月收治的BA患儿78例，按照随机数字表法分为观察组41例、对照组37例，对照组给予常规治疗+沙美特罗替卡松粉吸入剂治疗。观察组在对照组基础上给予布拉氏酵母菌散治疗。观察两组哮喘控制情况，不良反应。两组治疗前后最大呼吸流量(PEF)、第一秒用力呼吸容积(FEV₁)、用力肺活量(FVC)等肺功能指标，血清CD₄⁺、CD₈⁺、CD₄⁺/CD₈⁺等免疫因子水平，血清S100β蛋白、TLR4水平；血清IL-17、IL-22、IL-35等炎性因子水平； 结果治疗后，观察组FPE、FEV₁、FVC均高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后，观察组CD₄⁺、CD₄⁺/CD₈⁺均高于对照组，CD₈⁺小于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后，观察组100β蛋白、TLR4低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后，观察组IL-17、IL-22均低于对照组，IL-35高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组总控制率(92.19%)大于对照组(78.13%)(P<0.05)。治疗期间两组均无显著不良反应； 结论益生菌辅治小儿支气管哮喘可提高免疫功能，缓解机体炎性反应，改善血清炎性因子水平，抑制100β蛋白、TLR4生成，疗效显著，安全。     

Satisfaction with ambulatory care of persons with AIDS

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relation of patient characteristics and site of care to the perception of ambulatory care quality by persons with AIDS (PWAs). DESIGN: Patient surveys and medical record review were used to determine PWAs’ perceptions of their ambulatory care, self-perceived health status, primary care relationships, sociodemographic characteristics, and severity of illness. SETTING: A public-hospital HIV clinic, an academic group practice, and a staff-model health maintenance organization (HMO) that together care for 20% of all Massachusetts PWAs. PATIENTS: All active patients as of February 12, 1990, and all new AIDS patients at each of the three sites during the subsequent 13 months. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN BESULTS: The primary outcome measure was a six-item scale of patient-rated quality of care (PRQC), a newly developed measure that combined patients’ ratings of their physician care, nursing care, involvement in medical decisions, and overall quality of care. Multiple logistic regression was carried out with low PRQC (lowest quart He) as the dependent variable, to identify correlates of patient perceptions of poor quality. Patients who had a primary nurse were significantly less likely to have low PRQC scores (OR=0.50, 95% CI=0.26 to 0.97). Black patients and patients who used injection drugs were significantly more likely to rate their care in the lowest quartile (OR=2.22, 95% CI=1.04 to 4.78; and OR=2.43, 95% CI=1.13 to 5.23, respectively), as were those who had lower self-perceived health status, after controlling for confounders; no association was found by site or severity. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that primary nursing may be an important determinant of how PWAs rate the quality of their ambulatory care. Furthermore, PWAs who are black or who are injection drug users are less satisfied than are others with the quality of their ambulatory AIDS care. Presented in part at the annual meeting of the Society of General Internal Medicine, April 30, 1993, Arlington, Virginia. Supported by the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, grant number HS06239.     

Treatment of patients with Eisenmenger's syndrome with Bosentan

We treated prospectively 14 patients with Eisenmenger's syndrome, with a mean age of 10 years, ranging from 3 to 18 years. Treatment continued for 12 months, and demonstrated a lasting symptomatic improvement, but no improvement in terms of mean saturation of oxygen over 24 hours. Exercise capacity, as judged by peak uptake of oxygen, worsened in the six patients able to perform a treadmill test. The symptomatic benefit from dual blockage of endothelin receptors in these patients may be due to mechanisms other than selective pulmonary vasodilatation alone.     

Experience with the treatment of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with obsidan and isoptin

Forty-five patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were examined clinically and echocardiographically. The results of their treatment with obsidan and isoptin in relation to various types of central hemodynamic disorders are presented. The data have been obtained making it possible to treat patients differentially with regard to the form of the disease. The treatment of this category of patients requires the echocardiographic monitoring of the parameters of the central hemodynamics and myocardial contractility.     

分析老年糖尿病患者应用甘精胰岛素联合阿卡波糖治疗的效果

目的探讨甘精胰岛素联合阿卡波糖在老年糖尿病患者中的临床疗效。方法选取该院2018年7月—2019年7月收治的113例老年糖尿病患者作为研究对象,经随机数字表法,划分A组(n=56,阿卡波糖)和B组(n=57,甘精胰岛素+阿卡波糖),比较两组临床疗效、血糖指标。结果B组患者临床治疗总有效率显著高于A组;经治疗,B组患者空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)水平明显低于A组。两组之间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在老年糖尿病患者中应用甘精胰岛素+阿卡波糖,临床疗效显著,使患者的空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白等指标得到了明显改善,安全性强。     

辛伐他汀对血脂异常人群缺血性脑卒中的预防

目的研究辛伐他汀对血脂异常人群缺血性脑卒中的预防作用。方法将2853例血脂异常人群分为预防组(693例)和对照组(2160例),预防组给予辛伐他汀20mg/d,睡前口服。分析2组血脂变化、心脑血管事件、脑卒中等差异。结果预防组受试者糖尿病患病率比对照组高,预防组随访率98．7%,对照组随访率96．2%。预防组低密度脂蛋白胆固醇较对照组低[(2．54±1．01)mmol/L vs(4．12±1．29)mmol/L,P＜0．05],5年生存率高(94．13% vs 83．47%,P＜0．01),缺血性脑卒中和心脑血管事件发生率低。2组死亡的主要原因是:心脑血管疾病、肿瘤和感染。吸烟、高血压、肥胖和糖尿病是脑卒中和心脑血管事件的高危因素。结论辛伐他汀能有效降低血脂异常人群的心脑血管事件。     

Staging with computed tomography of patients with colon cancer

Purpose

Accurate staging of colonic cancer is important for patient stratification. We aimed to correlate the diagnostic accuracy of preoperative computed tomography (CT) with final histopathology as reference standard.

Methods

Data was collected retrospectively on 615 consecutive patients operated for colonic cancer. Evaluation was based upon T-stage. Patients were stratified into high-risk and low-risk groups, based on the extent of tumor invasion beyond the proper muscle layer of more or less than 5 mm. The Kendall tau correlation coefficient was used to calculate concordance between radiological (r)T-stage obtained at CT imaging and pathological (p)T-stage from the final pathology.

Results

In total, 501 patients were included. We found no significant differences in the Kendall tau values for diagnostic measures between the groups at the 95% confidence interval (CI) level: 49% (95% CI, 43–55) for all individuals, 48% (95% CI, 40–56) for screened individuals, and 47% (95% CI, 37-56) for non-screened individuals. The overall sensitivity and specificity for all individuals in identifying high-risk tumors on CT was 65% (95% CI, 56–73) and 89% (95% CI, 85–92). The risk of ending up in the high-risk group due to overstaging among all individuals was calculated as the number needed to harm 11.7 (95% CI, 9–16).

Conclusions

There is basis for improvement of CT-based preoperative staging of patients with colorectal cancer. Supplementary modalities may be needed for correct staging of patients preoperatively, especially in relation to stratification of patients into neoadjuvant treatments or tailored therapy in patients with early cancers.