英夫利昔治疗瘘管型克罗恩病的研究进展

瘘管是克罗恩病（CD）常见的一种并发症,往往导致患者生活质量明显下降.许多临床试验证实英夫利昔对瘘管型CD安全有效.对传统治疗方案无效者,早期规律给予英夫利昔可很好地控制疾病进展和复发.对单药治疗效果不佳者,联合英夫利昔和内外科治疗可提高疗效.本文就近年英夫利昔治疗瘘管型CD的研究进展作一综述.     

大黄素诱导急性胰腺炎胰腺细胞凋亡机制的实验研究

目的 从凋亡信号传导的角度探讨中药大黄素治疗大鼠急性胰腺炎的分子生物学机制。方法 将44只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为正常组，非治疗组，大黄素组，以腹腔注射雨蛙肽物方法诱导大鼠急性胰腺炎模型。并于大黄素治疗后6，24，48，72，96小时处死大鼠。应用HE染色比较胰腺组织病理学改变，应用Tunel法检测胰腺细胞凋亡指数，应用RT-PCR技术检测治疗前后凋亡调控基因Bak和BaxmRNA表达。结果 大黄素干预治疗急性胰腺炎后96小时淀粉酶值显低于未治疗组，胰腺细胞凋亡指数显高于未治疗组，凋亡调控基因BakmRNA的表达与未治疗组之间无显性差异。而BaxmRNA的表达显高于未治疗组。结论 大黄素治疗实验性急性胰腺炎的机制可能与干预凋亡调控基因有关。诱导凋亡调控基因Bax表达增强可能是干预凋亡信号传导的重要机制，而与Bak基因表达无关。     

苯并咪唑类药物治疗包虫病研究进展

包虫病主要是由细粒棘球绦虫和多房棘球绦虫的幼虫引起的严重的人兽共患寄生虫病。在我国,由于受手术复发、死亡等手术水平的限制,药物治疗仍然是目前最主要的治疗方法,每年药物治疗的数量远大于手术治疗数。药物在术前缩小病灶、减轻痛苦,延长患者寿命发挥着重要作用。本文综述苯并咪唑类药物及其新剂型的动物及临床治疗包虫病现况,为探索包虫病药物治疗研究的发展方向提供依据。     

北京市某医院结核科护士压力源调查分析

目的 对结核科护士工作压力源进行调查分析.方法 自行设计调查问卷,采用便利抽样方法,对首都医科大学附属北京胸科医院88名结核科护士工作压力源进行调查.结核科护士平均年龄为（33.04±9.07）岁,工作年限（12.70±9.04）年,每月夜班数（4.25±2.25）个.本研究结核科护士工作压力源问卷分为8个维度,共有61个条目,采用分量法计分.其中,没有压力1分,压力程度一般为2分,压力程度较高为3分,压力程度非常高为4分,可能的得分范围为61～244分,分数越高,表明护士所承受的压力越大.采用问卷调查法,调查前向被调查者说明调查的目的、方法,取得知情同意.由研究者亲自发放调查问卷,30 min后当场收回.本次共发放问卷90份,回收88份,有效88份,有效回收率97.8％.结果 （1）结核科护士压力源总体得分为（154.81±36.03）分.（2）压力源各维度得分从高到低依次是：结核护理专业特殊性的问题（3.07±0.81）分;工作环境及资源方面的问题（2.88±0.81）分;工作量及时间分配问题（2.67±0.78）分;社会环境带来的问题（2.63±0.78）分;护理专业发展方面的问题（2.55±0.74）分;患者护理方面的问题（2.52±0.68）分;护理专业及工作方面的问题（2.45±0.74）分;管理及人际关系方面的问题（1.89±0.64）分.（3）得分排在前10位的压力源条目分别是：长期接触排菌、耐药肺结核患者（3.55±0.78）分;担心自己患上结核病（3.47±0.88）分;同伴被确诊患上结核病（3.36±0.89）;担心消毒防护设施的效果（3.28±0.94）分;担心工作中出现差错事故（3.21±0.95）分;工作环境差（3.18±0.92）分;病区拥挤（3.02±1.07）分;收入差距大（2.98±0.94）分;工作量太大（2.97±0.94）分;经常倒班（2.94±1.03）分.结论 结核科护士承受着较高的工作压力,护理管理者应采取有针对性的措施,指导护士积极应对,减轻护士工作压力.     

Role of xanthine oxidoreductase in the anti-thrombotic effects of nitrite in rats in vivo

The mechanisms underlying nitrite-induced effects on thrombosis and hemostasis in vivo are not clear. The goal of the work described here was to investigate the role of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) in the anti-platelet and anti-thrombotic activities of nitrite in rats in vivo. Arterial thrombosis was induced electrically in rats with renovascular hypertension by partial ligation of the left renal artery. Sodium nitrite (NaNO₂, 0.17?mmol/kg twice daily for 3 days, p.o) was administered with or without one of the XOR-inhibitors: allopurinol (ALLO) and febuxostat (FEB) (100 and 5?mg/kg, p.o., for 3 days). Nitrite treatment (0.17?mmol/kg), which was associated with a significant increase in NOHb, nitrite/nitrate plasma concentration, resulted in a substantial decrease in thrombus weight (TW) (0.48?±?0.03?mg vs. vehicle [VEH] 0.88?±?0.08?mg, p?p?ex vivo using collagen-induced whole-blood platelet aggregation (70.5?±?7.1% vs. VEH 100?±?4.5%, p?2 generation was fully reversed by both XOR-inhibitors. In addition, nitrite decreased plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 concentration (0.47?±?0.13?ng/ml vs. VEH 0.62?±?0.04?ng/ml, p?In vitro the anti-platelet effect of nitrite (1?mM) was reversed by FEB (0.1?mM) under hypoxia (0.5%O₂) and normoxia (20%O₂). Nitrite treatment had no effect on coagulation parameters. In conclusion, the nitrite-induced anti-platelet effect in rats in vivo is mediated by XOR, but XOR does not fully account for the anti-thrombotic effects of nitrite.     

2006年河南省洛阳市燃煤污染型氟中毒病区现状调查

目的 了解河南省洛阳市燃煤污染型氟中毒(简称地氟病)病区现状,为制订地氟病防治措施提供依据.方法 2006年,采用一村一户一表的登记式方法,对洛阳市所辖的偃师市、孟津县、新安县、栾川县和吉利区共941个历史燃煤污染型地氟病自然村病情现况、生活习惯、住房结构等进行普查.普查中对人口数在500人以上的病区自然村作为重点调查村,进行水氟、8～12岁儿童氟斑牙病情及尿氟测定.水氟、儿童尿氟测定采用氟离子选择电极法,儿童氟斑牙检查采用Dean法.结果 在洛阳市地氟病病区,现存地氟病自然村742个,与历史村数比较减少了199个.96.7%(142 543/147 419)的居民户以本地石煤及外购的无烟煤做燃料,无排烟设施.其中独立厨房户数占93.6%(137 919/147 419),有63.0%(86 889/137 919)的居户厨房和卧室相通.125 060户群众用燃煤炉取暖,其中87.8%(109 802/125 060)有排烟设施,12.2%(15 258/125 060)无排烟设施.抽取人121数在500人以上的病区自然村52个,采集饮用水水样183份,2份水样水氟>1.0ms/L,最高水氟值1.04 mg/L,水氟均值0.39 mg/L.儿童氟斑牙总检出率为36.06%,检出率>30%有36个自然村,占69.2%(36/52),儿童氟斑牙检出率<30%有16个自然村,占30.8%(16/52).儿童氟斑牙指数>0.6的有23个自然村,中度氟斑牙检出率为1.3%(94/7238),但未发现重度氟斑牙儿童.测定8～12岁儿童即时尿样1408份,尿氟最高值6.88 mg/L,最低值0.10 mg/L,几何均数1.10 mg/L.结论 洛阳市燃煤型氟中毒病区村数较过去减少,儿童氟斑牙病情大幅度下降,部分群众仍然厨房卧室相通,无排烟设施,须教育群众改变生活方式、改炉改灶减轻煤烟氟污染.     

Patterns of in vitro BFU-E proliferation in different forms of polycythaemia and in thrombocythaemia

To investigate erythroid colony formation in polycythaemia of different types and in thrombocythaemia, a study was performed in 121 subjects, including 13 normal volunteers (N), 30 patients with Primary Proliferative Polycythaemia (PPP), 35 with Idiopathic Erythrocytosis (IE), 19 with Secondary Polycythaemia (SP), 10 with Primary Thrombocythaemia (PT) and 14 with Secondary Thrombocytosis (ST); BFU-E colony formation from peripheral blood samples was studied in the presence of medium only, medium plus a source of burst-promoting activity (BPA) and medium BPA, plus erythropoietin (Ep). In the presence of medium only, practically no colonies were seen in cultures from N and SP, while a variable number was observed in cultures from PPP, IE and PT. Significant differences between groups were as follows: N v PPP; IE v PPP; SP v PPP; N v PT; ST v PT. Such differences persisted in the presence of BPA, but disappeared when Ep was added to the cultures. Further experiments, plating non-adherent mononuclear cells in a chemically defined serum-free medium, confirmed the growth of tiny erythropoietic colonies from circulating stem cells of patients with PPP and PT, in the absence of BPA and EP. These results provide a useful criterion to differentiate PPP, as a group, from other types of polycythaemia; individual cases of IE may need further characterization.