食道曲张静脉套扎术对肝硬化患者门静脉血流动力学的影响

目的：了解食道曲张静脉套扎术（ＥＶＬ）后门静脉血流动力学改变与临床的关系。方法：采用彩色多普勒对２５例肝硬化患者内镜下ＥＶＬ前后的门静脉血流动力学改变进行测定。结果：ＥＶＬ治疗２周后肝硬化患者门静脉、脾静脉内径（ＰＤ、ＳＤ）、门静脉血流速度及血流量（ＰＶ、ＰＱ．ＳＱ）较治疗前明显增加（Ｐ值＜０．０１），脾静脉血流速度（ＳＶ）明显减慢（Ｐ值＜０．０１）。结论：ＥＶＬ能短时间升高门静脉压，部分地加重ＰＨＧ和ＬＦ。     

丹参对门脉高压血流动力学影响的实验与临床研究

为研究丹参对肝硬化门脉血流动力学的影响，利用血管插管测定用药前后胆管结扎肝硬化犬门脉系统压力变化，超声多普勒监测肝硬化患者用药后门静脉系统血流动力的改变。结果：（１）丹参静脉给药可使肝硬化犬门静脉压（ＰＰＶ）、嵌塞肝静脉压（ＷＨＶＰ）、肝静脉压力梯度（ＨＶＰＧ）显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．０１），而平均动脉压（ＭＡＰ）、心率（ＨＲ）无明显变化（Ｐ＞０．０５）；（２）丹参长期口服（１０～１２周），可显著降低肝硬化患者（Ｃｈｉｌｄ－ＰｕｇｈＡ、Ｂ级）门静脉内径（ＤＰＶ）、脾静脉内径（ＤＳＶ）、门静脉血流量（ＱＰＶ）、脾静脉血流量（ＱＳＶ）（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．０１），并对患者乏力、厌食、腹胀及肝功能（ＡＬＴ）具有部分改善作用，未见副作用。本研究表明，丹参为安全有效的降低门静脉压力药物，值得对其做进一步研究。     

肝硬化患者食道静脉曲张程度与门静脉脾静脉内径、肝硬化分级的相关性研究

目的探讨食道静脉曲张程度与门静脉脾静脉内径、肝硬化临床分级的关系.方法用回顾性调查方法对226例肝硬化患者进行研究,所有病例均用B超探测门、脾静脉的内径,电子胃镜检查食道静脉曲张的程度,肝硬化临床分级采用Child-Pugh分级.结果食道静脉曲张的程度与门静脉脾静脉的内径呈正相关(r=0.3574,P＜0.05;r=0.4770,P＜0.05),与肝硬化Child-Pugh分级(A、B、C级)也呈正相关(r=0.1434,P＜0.05).结论食道静脉曲张程度随门静脉脾静脉的增宽、肝硬化Child-Pugh分级的程度越来越重.     

肝硬化患者食道静脉曲张程度与门静脉高压相关指标的关系

目的：采用多普勒超声技术判断乙型肝炎肝硬化患者上消化道出血的危险性。方法：多普勒超声测定20例Chid-Pugh分级为B或C级的乙型肝炎肝硬化患者和10名正常体检者（正常组）门静脉、脾静脉和肠系膜上静脉的内径以厦最高平均血流速度，电子胃镜测定食道静脉曲张程度，分析食道静脉曲张程度与超声检测指标之间的关系。结果：门静脉、脾静脉和肠系膜上静脉的内径比正常组显著增加（P〈0．01），但它们的最高平均血流速度与正常组接近（P〉0．05）；食道静脉曲张程度与脾静脉、肠系膜上静脉的内径呈显著性正相关（P〈0．01，P〈0．05），与肠系膜上静脉最高平均血流速度呈正相关（P〈0．05），门静脉的内径和最高平均血流速度均与食道静脉曲张程度无显著相关性（P〉0．05）．脾静脉最高平均血流速度与食道静脉曲张程度亦无明显相关性（P〉0．05）。结论：脾静脉内径能反映食道静脉曲张程度，肠系膜上静脉血流速度的增加提示上消化道出血的危险性加大。     

彩色超声诊断肝硬化门脉高压征196例分析

目的通过对内镜下证实肝硬化门脉高压征患者196例进行彩色超声检测分析，为彩色超声检测肝硬化门脉高压征提供参考依据。方法根据内镜结果将肝硬化门脉高压征患者196例，按食管静脉曲张程度分为轻、中、重度3组，检测门静脉主干宽度、脾静脉宽度、脾脏厚度，研究其与食管静脉曲张程度的关系。结果随食管静脉曲张程度的不同，门静脉主干内径、脾静脉内径、脾脏厚度之间存在显著性差异，脾脏厚度与脾静脉内径之间存在相关关系。结论门静脉主干内径、脾静脉内径、脾脏厚度可为判断门静脉高压提供参考，如结合内镜检查结果可以较准确判断有无食管静脉曲张及程度。     

肝硬化患者食管静脉曲张及曲张程度的早期诊断方法分析

目的 对乙肝后肝硬化门脉高压症患者胃镜、B超、血液检验等进行分析，探讨这些检查在肝硬化门脉高压症患者食管静脉曲张诊断中的意义。方法 148例乙肝后肝硬化患者（合并或无门脉高压者）进行电子胃镜、腹部B超、血液检验，观察食管胃底静脉曲张的情况，测量门静脉主干内径、脾静脉内径及脾脏长径之间的差异，并分析这些指标与食管静脉曲张的关系。结果 食管静脉曲张发生率为61％，食管静脉曲张程度越重，伴胃底静脉曲张比例越高；随食管静脉曲张程度不同，门静脉主干内径、脾静脉主干内径及脾脏长径之间存在差异。血小板记数、脾脏长径、血小板记数／脾脏长径、Child—Pugh分级在合并有食管静脉曲张与未合并食管静脉曲张两组中存在明显差异。多因素分析发现，血小板记数／脾脏长径指数与食管静脉曲张的发生密切相关，独立性强。结论 门静脉主十内径、脾静脉内径、脾脏厚度可为判断门静脉高压提供参考，综合上述3点并结合胃镜检查结果可较准确判断有无食管静脉曲张及程度；血小板记数／脾脏长径指数能够较为准确地预测肝硬化门脉高压症食管静脉曲张的发生。     

部分脾栓塞治疗肝硬化门脉高压及脾亢

目的 进一步观察部分脾栓塞治疗肝硬化门静脉高压及脾功能亢进（简称脾亢）的应用价值。方法 经下腔动脉插管对部分脾动脉用明胶海绵颗粒进行栓塞,观察其治疗作用。结果 本文２２例术后外周血白细胞和血小板计数均回升,其中１９例恢复至正常水平,３例部分缓解,门静脉及脾静脉回缩,食道静脉曲张程度改善,凝血酶原时间（ＰＴ）缩短,凝血酶原活动度（ＰＴＡ）增加,脑病发作次数减少,血氨水平下降,未出现严重并发症。结论     

肝硬化门静脉压力和宽度与食管静脉曲张的关系

肝硬化门静脉压力和宽度与食管静脉曲张的关系安子元，徐大毅，任志刚，康春松山西医学院第一附属医院内科，０３０００１本院放射科为研究门脉压力（ＰＶＰ）和宽度（ＰＶＷ）与食管静脉曲张（ＥＶ）之间的关系，我们在Ｘ线指引下对２９例肝硬化患者做了经皮经肝门脉压力...     

普奈洛尔治疗肝硬化门静脉高压100例疗效分析

目的分析普奈洛尔治疗肝硬化门静脉高压的疗效。方法 100例肝硬化门静脉高压患者,口服普奈洛尔,从10 mg,3次/日开始,剂量逐渐增加到能使心率降低到基础心率的75%(不低于60次/min),维持该剂量。观察治疗前后门静脉、脾静脉的宽度,脾脏大小的变化,食道、胃底静脉曲张程度。结果观察1年以上的87例患者,治疗后各项指标均有明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),上消化道出血率由21%降至5%。结论普奈洛尔治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症的患者,可减低门静脉压力,预防和减少静脉曲张所致食道、胃底静脉破裂出血。     

肝硬化门静脉高压患者胃镜与B超表现相关性研究

目的 通过对肝炎肝硬化门静脉高压患者胃镜、B超检测结果行相关性分析，为临床判断肝硬化程度、早期预防并发症提供参考。方法 选择肝炎肝硬化门静脉高压患者192例，根据食管静脉曲张程度分为轻、中、重度3组。比较胃底静脉曲张在各组中发生比例，并测量门静脉主干宽度、脾静脉宽度、脾脏厚度，研究其与食管静脉曲张程度相关性。结果 3组患者胃底静脉曲张发生比例存在显著差异，食管静脉曲张程度越重，伴胃底静脉曲张比例越高；随食管静脉曲张程度不同，门静脉主干内径、脾静脉内径及脾脏厚度之间存在差异，脾脏厚度与脾静脉内径之间存在直线相关关系。结论 门静脉主干内径、脾静脉内径、脾脏厚度可为判断门静脉高压提供参考，综合上述3点并结合胃镜检查结果可较准确判断有无食管静脉曲张及程度。     

肝硬化患者门脉系统血流动力学指标与Child-Pugh分级的相关性研究

研究肝硬化患者脾静脉和门静脉血流量及其比值(Qsv/QPv)与肝脏储备功能Child-Pugh分级的关系.采用彩色多普勒超声仪对168例肝炎后肝硬化患者(ChildA级43例,B级67例,C级58例)和59例健康成年人检测了门静脉、脾静脉的内径、流速,再计算出相关的血流量,并进行了比较分析.结果显示,随着Qsv/Qpv的升高,肝硬化患者的肝功能不断下降,各组之间比较有非常显著性差异(P＜0.01).肝硬化患者肝功能损害越重,脾静脉血流量占门静脉血流量的比值越高.如果将Qsv/Qpv的截断值定于40%,则其提示肝硬化患者肝功能下降至B级或以下的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别达80.80%、74.42%和79.17%.彩色多普勒超声测量门静脉系统及其血流动力学指标用于判断肝硬化患者的肝功能状态是一个较好的临床手段.     

Clinical and experimental study of effect of Raondix Salviae Militiorrhiza and other blood-activating and stasis-eliminating Chinese herbs on hemodynamics of portal hypertension

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｒｅｈａｓｂｅｅｎｎｏｌｏｎｇｌａｓｔｉｎｇａｎｄｓｉｄｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｓｆｒｅｅｄｒｕｇｓｔｏｌｏｗｅｒｔｈｅｐｏｒｔａｌｈｙｐｅｒｔｅｎｓｉｏｎｉｎｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓｗｉｔｈｌｉｖｅｒｃｉｒｒｈｏｓｉｓｓｏｆａｒ．Ｔｈ...     

丹参等活血化淤中药对门脉高压血流动力学影响的临床与实验研究

目的探讨丹参、当归等及硝苯啶对门脉高压血流动力学的影响。方法采用血管插管测定胆管结扎肝硬化犬门脉系统压力变化；超声多普勒观测肝硬化患者门脉血流动力学变化。结果（１）静脉滴注丹参、当归后，肝硬化犬门静脉压（Ｐｐｖ）、嵌塞肝静脉压（ＷＨＶＰ）、肝静脉压力梯度（ＨＶＰＧ）显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．０１），平均动脉压（ＭＡＰ）、心率（ＨＲ）无明显变化（Ｐ＞０．０５），硝苯啶则使Ｐｐｖ，ＷＨＶＰ，ＭＡＰ．ＨＲ显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）。（２）丹参、丹参＋硝苯啶．丹参＋水＋硝苯啶口服药１０－１２周，能显著降低肝硬化患者门静脉内径（Ｄｐｖ）、脾静脉内径（Ｄｓｖ）．门静脉血流量（Ｑｐｖ），脾静脉血流量（Ｑｓｖ）（Ｐ＜０．０５－０．０１，当归作用较弱。结论对比表明，丹参、当归等中药较硝苯啶对门脉压力作用为慢，但较持久，无副反应。     

门静脉高压患者门静脉压力与血流动力学的相关性研究

目的 探讨门静脉高压患者门静脉血流动力学的变化特点及其与门静脉压力的相互关系。方法 采用彩色多普勒超声对４１例肝硬化门静脉高压患者（Ｃｈｉｌｄ Ａ、Ｂ级３１例、Ｃ级１０例）于手术前检测门静脉（ＰＶ）、脾静脉（ＳＶ）和肠系膜上静脉（ＳＭＶ）的内径和血流速度，再计算出相关的面积和血流量；于手术时对３１例ＣｈｉｌｄＡ十Ｂ级患者直接测量门静脉压力。３２例健康人和２６例慢性乙型肝炎患者（慢肝组）作为对照。结累 门静脉高压两组患者ＰＶ、ＳＶ和ＳＭＶ内径（ｃｍ）分别为１．５１和１．５２、１．３２和１．３４及１．１５和１．１５较慢肝组和正常组明显增宽，ｒ分别为１．３１和１．１６、０．９６和０．７９及０．９１和０．８２（Ｐ＜０．０１）；血流速度较正常组和慢肝组明显减慢（Ｐ＜０．０１）；门静脉高压Ｃ级组门静脉血流速度（ｃｍ／ｓ）为４．６５较门静脉高压Ａ十Ｂ级组（６．４２）明显减慢（Ｐ＜０．０１），而两组 ＳＶ和 ＳＭＶ的血流速度则差异无显著意义（Ｐ＞０．０５）；门静脉高压 Ａ＋Ｂ级组三条静脉的血流量明显大于正常组和慢肝组（Ｐ＜０．０１或Ｐ＜０．０５）；门静脉高压Ｃ级组门静脉血流量明显小于Ａ十Ｂ级组（Ｐ＜０．０１）；而ＳＶ和ＳＭＶ的血流     

Portal and splenic hemodynamics in cirrhotic patients: relationship between esophageal variceal bleeding and the severity of hepatic failure

Background The relationship between portal and splenic vein hemodynamics, liver function, and esophageal variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate quantitative Doppler parameters of splanchnic hemodynamics in cirrhotic patients and to determine the value of the Doppler parameters in predicting esophageal variceal bleeding.Methods With the help of pulsed Doppler ultrasonography, we investigated portal and splenic hemodynamics in 18 healthy controls and in 45 patients with liver cirrhosis, in whom the relationship of splenic hemodynamics with esophageal variceal bleeding and the grade of cirrhosis was examined.Results Portal flow velocity was decreased in cirrhotic patients with Childs C cirrhosis, as compared to those with Childs A cirrhosis (P < 0.001). The portal blood flow volume in Childs C cirrhosis were also significantly low compared to patients with Childs A and Childs B cirrhosis (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively). There was a significant increase in the portal vein congestion index and splenic vein congestion index in patients with Childs C cirrhosis as compared to patients with Childs A cirrhosis (P < 0.001). Among cirrhotic patients, the group with esophageal variceal bleeding had significantly greater splenic blood flow volume and splenic vein congestion index (P < 0.001). Patients with ascites had significantly lower portal flow velocity (P < 0.001) and higher portal vein congestion index and splenic vein congestion index (P = 0.003 and P = 0.05, respectively) as compared to those without ascites.Conclusions In this report we have shown that the decrease in blood flow and increased congestion indexes in the portal vein and splenic vein are related to the impairment of liver function in cirrhotic patients; these indexes may be valuable factors for predicting esophageal variceal bleeding.     

Splenic venous hemodynamics in portal hypertension]

The percentage of splenic blood in portal venous flow (SV%) was measured in 96 patients by using scintiphotosplenoportography and angiography. The patients were divided into two groups: Group 1, without collateral pathways from the splenic vein; Group 2, with collateral pathways from the splenic vein. SV% was significantly lower in patients without liver diseases or in patients of Group 1 with liver cirrhosis (LC). SV% was significantly higher in patients with idiopathic portal hypertension (IPH). A significant correlation was observed between SV% and splenic volume or ICGR15. No significant correlation of SV% was found with etiology of LC in patients of Group 1, esophagogastric varices, Child's criteria, portal venous pressure, cholinesterase, hepaplastin test or prothrombin time. Hence, the local hyperdynamic state of the splenic region was detected in patients with CH, LC and IPH.     

Comparison of Doppler ultrasonography and the hepatic venous pressure gradient in assessing portal hypertension in liver cirrhosis

BACKGROUND AND AIM: This prospective study aimed to determine whether Doppler ultrasonography can represent the hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) as an assessment of the severity of portal hypertension and the response to terlipressin, which reduces the portal pressure in liver cirrhosis. METHODS: The HVPG and the Doppler ultrasonographic parameters, such as the portal venous velocity and the splenic venous velocity, the pulsatility and the resistive index of the hepatic, splenic and renal arteries were measured in 138 patients with liver cirrhosis. The changes in the HVPG and the portal venous velocity after administering terlipressin were evaluated in 43 of the 138 patients. The patients who showed a reduction in the HVPG of more than 20% of the baseline were defined as responders to terlipressin. RESULTS: None of the Doppler ultrasonographic parameters correlated with the HVPG. Both the HVPG (28.0 +/- 19.8%) and the portal venous velocity (29.7 +/- 13.2%) showed a significant reduction after terlipressin administration. However, the portal venous velocity decreased significantly, not only in the responders (31.0 +/- 12.0%) but also in the non-responders (25.2 +/- 16.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Doppler ultrasonography does not represent the HVPG, and is therefore not suitable for replacing HVPG as a means of assessing the severity of portal hypertension and the response to drugs which reduce the portal pressure in liver cirrhosis.     

The study of endotoxin levels in portal venous system in liver cirrhosis

In the patients with liver cirrhosis, endotoxin levels were measured in portal venous system by the toxicolor method and the mechanism of endotoxemia in the peripheral vein was studied. On endotoxin levels in portal venous system, the superior mesenteric vein had the highest level. Endotoxemia was observed most frequently in the superior mesenteric vein (78%), and 50% in the truncal portal vein and 55% in the peripheral vein. The hepatic "endotoxin extraction ratio" which is considered to reflect the Kupffer cell function of clearing endotoxin and the severity of cirrhosis were not related each other. On the other hand, in view of the extrahepatic portal shunt, systemic endotoxemia appeared more frequently in the patients with the other collaterals than the esophageal varices. Therefore, it was concluded that systemic endotoxemia in liver cirrhosis was related with the type of extrahepatic portal collaterals.     

肝积合剂对肝硬化门静脉高压的影响

目的：探讨肝积合剂对肝硬化门脉高压的影响。方法：将60例肝硬化门脉高压症患者随机分为两组，治疗组患者口服中药肝积合剂，对照组患者口服心得安，共3个月。用彩色双功能多普勒超声诊断仪测量门静脉内径、脾静脉内径、门静脉血流速度、脾静脉血流速度。采用胃镜观察食管静脉曲张部位、条数、形态、颜色及胃底有无静脉曲张。结果：肝积合剂可显著缩小肝硬化患者门静脉及脾静脉内径、加快血流速度、减少血流量。尤其在加快门静脉、脾静脉血流速度及减少血流量上与心得安比较，差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。结论：肝积合剂对肝硬化门脉高压症有一定的防治作用。