Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome in China:A review

Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is a common,chronic,functional gastrointestinal disorder with a high incidence rate in the general population,and it is common among the Chinese population.The pathophysiology,etiology and pathogenesis of IBS are poorly understood,with no evidence of inflammatory,anatomic,metabolic,or neoplastic factors to explain the symptoms.Treatment approaches are mainly focused on symptommanagement to maintain everyday functioning and to improve quality of life for patients with IBS.However,prescribed medications often result in significant side effects,and many IBS sufferers(particularly Chinese)do not improve.Instead of taking a variety of conventional medications,many have turned to taking traditional Chinese medicine or integrated Chinese and Western medicine for remedy.A number of clinical trials have shown that Chinese herbal,acupuncture or integrative therapies presented improved treatment outcomes and reduced side effects in IBS patients.The purpose of this review article is to examine the treatment approaches of IBS that have been published in recent years,especially in China,to assess the possible differences in treating IBS between China and other countries.This would provide some useful information of unique treatment approach in clinical practice for physicians in the management of IBS in China,thus offering more treatment options for IBS patients with potentially better treatment outcomes while reducing the medical cost burden.     

Preliminary report of a randomized,double-blind placebo-controlled trial of a Chinese herbal medicine preparation CH-100 in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C

The treatment of chronic hepatitis C is relatively unsatisfactory and many patients have turned to unproven alternative medicines to modify the course of their illness. We report a study of a Chinese herbal medicine preparation CH-100 in the management of chronic hepatitis C. Patients with documented chronic hepatitis C were randomly allocated to receive active herbal or placebo tablets (five tablets thrice daily). Patients were followed monthly and evaluated by a Western and a traditional Chinese medical practitioner. Therapy was monitored by measurement of liver function tests, creatinine and full blood count on a monthly basis. Twenty patients in each group were well matched for age, sex, duration of illness, previous interferon therapy and alcohol intake. Active Chinese herbal medication was associated with a signi?cant reduction in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels over the 6 month study period (P<0.03). No patient cleared the virus but four normalized their ALT on treatment. Appropriately prescribed Chinese herbal medicine may have a role in the management of chronic hepatitis C and further controlled studies are indicated.     

Different Chinese herbal medicine therapy for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: A protocol for systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis

Background:Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is a common immune system and blood system disease in clinical practice, and it is a hemorrhagic disease caused by immune factors causing platelet destruction and decreasing number of platelets. There is currently no effective treatment plan for ITP. At this stage, glucocorticoid and gamma globulin are mostly used in the treatment of ITP, and some patients use splenectomy to achieve therapeutic purposes, but the various treatment methods are inadequate. At this stage, a large number of randomized controlled studies have reported that Chinese herbal medicine has achieved good curative effect in the treatment of ITP. However, due to the variety of Chinese herbal medicine, there has been no evidence of the effectiveness and safety of Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of ITP. Because of the above reasons, this study uses the network meta-analysis method based on Bayesian method to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of different kinds of Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of ITP through direct and indirect comparison, in order to provide evidence-based medical support for the treatment of ITP with Chinese herbal medicine.Methods:This study uses the method of combining free words with theme words, and using computer to retrieve PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, WANFANG Database, CNKI, and VIP Database, etc, to collect the randomized control studies on Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of ITP. The retrieval time is from the establishment of each database to January 2021, and the retrieval languages are Chinese and English. Two researchers independently read the title, abstract and full text of the article to determine whether it is included in the literature; In the event of a disagreement, a third researcher will join the discussion to resolve the disagreement; For the literature that lacks information, trying to contact the original author of the document to supplement it. The literature quality evaluation carried out by using the Stata 14.0 software to draw network and funnel plots, in accordance with the quality evaluation criteria of version 5.1.0 of the Cochrane System Evaluation Manual. Statistical analysis is performed by using ADDIS 1.16.8 software based on the Bayesian model.Results:This study will compare the clinical efficacy and safety of different types of Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura through the method of network meta-analysis, and rank the different types of Chinese herbal medicine according to their effectiveness, and the results will be published in a peer-reviewed, high-quality academic journal.Conclusion:This study will find effective and safe Chinese herbal medicine for clinical treatment of ITP from the perspective of evidence-based medicine, and benefit more ITP patients.     

Herbal Medicine in the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a refractory, chronic, and nonspecific disease occurred usually in the rectum and the entire colon. The etiopathology is probably related to dysregulation of the mucosal immune response toward the resident bacterial flora together with genetic and environmental factors. Several types of medications are used to control the inflammation or reduce symptoms. Herbal medicine includes a wide range of practices and therapies outside the realms of conventional Western medicine. However, there are limited controlled evidences indicating the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicines, such as aloe vera gel, wheat grass juice, Boswellia serrata, and bovine colostrum enemas in the treatment of UC. Although herbal medicines are not devoid of risk, they could still be safer than synthetic drugs. The potential benefits of herbal medicine could lie in their high acceptance by patients, efficacy, relative safety, and relatively low cost. Patients worldwide seem to have adopted herbal medicine in a major way, and the efficacy of herbal medicine has been tested in hundreds of clinical trials in the management of UC. The evidences on herbal medicine are incomplete, complex, and confusing, and certainly associated with both risks and benefits. There is a need for further controlled clinical trials of the potential efficacy of herbal medicine approaches in the treatment of UC, together with enhanced legislation to maximize their quality and safety.     

Efficacy and safety of acupuncture combined with Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of primary liver cancer: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:Primary liver cancer (PLC) is a common cancer, and its morbidity and mortality are ranked 6th and 3rd in the world for malignant tumors, respectively. And this number is still on the rise, seriously endangering people''s health. In recent years, acupuncture combined with Chinese herbal medicine have been widely used in the treatment of PLC, and there are few restrictions. However, we have not found a meta-analysis of their synergistic effects. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis will evaluate the efficacy and acupuncture combined with Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of primary liver cancer.Method:We will search the following databases from inception up to August 20, 2021: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, AMED, Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP, CBM, and Wanfang. There will be no restrictions regarding publication date or language. We will apply a combination of medical keywords and words, including “acupuncture,” “Chinese herbal medicine” and “primary liver cancer”. Additionally, we will manually search all reference lists from relevant systematic reviews to find other eligible studies. We will use the random effects model in REVMAN v5.3 for meta-analysis. The study for acupuncture combined with Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of PLC was a randomized controlled study. Two researchers will independently review the research selection, data extraction, and research quality assessments. Finally, we will observe the outcome measures.Results:This study will provide evidence-based medical evidence for the treatment of PLC with a combination of acupuncture and Chinese herbal medicine, and provide new ideas and methods for the treatment of PLC.Registration number: INPLASY202180103     

中药联合熊去氧胆酸胶囊治疗原发性胆汁性肝硬化疗效系统评价*

目的 系统评价中药联合熊去氧胆酸胶囊治疗原发性胆汁性肝硬化的有效性及安全性。方法 采用Cochrane 系统评价方法,计算机系统检索中国知识资源总库（CNKI）、万方学术期刊全文数据库、维普期刊全文（VIP）数据库、MEDLINE、PUBMED,检索2009年11月～2014年11月正式发表的文献。根据纳入和排除标准选择文献,按照相关质量评价标准进行评价,提取相关性研究指标,应用Revman5.3软件对数据进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入10项中西医结合治疗原发性胆汁性肝硬化的随机对照试验（RCT）,Jadad量表评分均为1～3分;纳入研究中提及治疗疗效的共有8个RCT文献,包括368例PBC患者,其中中药联合熊去氧胆酸（UDCA）治疗组187例,单用UDCA治疗的对照组181例。Meta分析显示中药联合UDCA治疗的有效率明显高于单用UDCA组,差异有统计学意义[OR=3.83,95%CI （2.09,7.02）,P<0.0001];联合组患者血清ALP、GGT、TBIL、ALT、AST、TBA水平下降较对照组更明显。结论 中药联合熊去氧胆酸胶囊治疗原发性胆汁性肝硬化的疗效显著优于单用熊去氧胆酸胶囊治疗,但该类研究的论文质量不高,可信度较低。     

Evidence of Chinese herbal fumigation for knee osteoarthritis: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is the most common cause of musculoskeletal pain and disability worldwide. Chinese herbal fumigation, an external therapy, is commonly used for the treatment of KOA, while there is no systematic review or meta-analysis designed to evaluate the effects of Chinese herbal fumigation on KOA.Methods:Seven databases including Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang data, VIP, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database will be searched up to October 31, 2020. Data that meet the inclusion criteria will be extracted and analyzed by using RevMan V.5.3 software. Two reviewers will assess quality of the included studies based on the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool. The funnel plot and Begg test will be used to evaluate publication bias. And Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation will be employed to assess the quality of evidence.Results:This study will provide high-quality evidence for Chinese herbal fumigation for the treatment of KOA in terms of effectiveness and safety.Conclusion:This systematic review will provide evidence to help us confirm the clinical efficacy of Chinese herbal fumigation in the treatment of KOA.     

结肠黑变病色素性质和病因与泻剂关系的研究与问题

芦荟、大黄是两种作用特别,应用广泛的中药,大量的患者长期应用,但这两种药物长期使用的安全性一直存在着争议,并已引起医药界和社会的关注,目前临床上所报道的毒性反应主要集中在结肠黑变病上。对于结肠黑变病的病因,结肠黑变病与芦荟、大黄类泻剂的关系国内外作了不少的研究,但仍未得到公认的结果,本文结合在研究的课题对此进行了分析讨论并提出我们的一点思考。     

Role of traditional Chinese medicine in the management of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Traditional Chinese Medicines(TCMs) have been employed for centuries in the treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Previous reviews of this topic have focused on certain aspects of TCM treatment rather than an overall assessment of their value and mechanisms of action. Both the Chinese and English medical literatures were reviewed to identify where TCM might be of value in the treatment of HCC and the justification for such treatment. TCM treatment corrects the "internal disequilibriums" thought to be responsible for the development, growth, and spread of the tumor. It has also been used to manage symptoms associated with HCC and the adverse effects of chemo-and radiation-therapies. Recent research has documented the precise effects of TCM on tumor biology. There are also increasing efforts to identify which of the many components of TCM herbal remedies are primarily responsible for these beneficial effects. This review outlines the benefits of TCM treatment of HCC and the laboratory data describing their anti-tumor properties.     

Efficacy and safety of acupuncture combined with Chinese Herbal Medicine for diabetic nephropathy: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most serious complications in the development of diabetes mellitus, which has become the main cause of end-stage renal disease and one of the main causes of death in diabetic patients. With the prevalence of diabetes, the number of patients at risk for developing DN is increasing, with 20–40 percent of all patients with diabetes at risk for developing DN. Acupuncture and Chinese herbal medicine treatments are often combined to treat DN; however, there has been no meta-analysis on their synergistic effects. Therefore, we aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the effectiveness of acupuncture combined with Chinese herbal medicine for DN treatment.Methods:Nine electronic databases were retrieved for this study. The English databases mainly retrieved PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, AMED, and the Cochrane Library, while the CNKI, VIP, CBM, and Wanfang databases were used to retrieve the Chinese literature. There is no definite time limit for the retrieval literature, and the languages are limited to Chinese and English. We will consider articles published between database initiation and August 2021. We used Review Manager 5.4, provided by the Cochrane Collaborative Network for statistical analysis. Clinical randomized controlled trials related to acupuncture combined with Chinese herbal medicine for DN were included in this study. Research selection, data extraction, and research quality assessments were independently completed by two researchers. We then assessed the quality and risk of the included studies and observed the outcome measures.Results:This study provides a high-quality synthesis to assess the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture combined with Chinese herbal medicine for treating DN.Conclusion:This systematic review will provide evidence to determine whether acupuncture combined with Chinese herbal medicine is an effective and safe intervention for patients with DN.Ethics and dissemination:The protocol of the systematic review does not require ethical approval because it does not involve humans. This article will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at relevant conferences.Registration number:INPLASY202180018     

Treatment of cholecystitis with Chinese herbal medicines: a systematic review of the literature

AIM:To analyze the literature on the use of Chinese herbal medicines for the treatment of cholecystitis.METHODS:The literature on treatment of cholecystitis with traditional Chinese medicines(TCM) was analyzed based on the principles and methods described by evidence-based medicine(EBM).Eight databases including MEDLINE,EMbase,Cochrane Central(CCTR),four Chinese databases(China Biological MedicineDatabase,Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Database,Database of Chinese Science and Technology Periodicals,Database of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology) and Chinese Clinical Registry Center,were searched.Full text articles or abstracts concerning TCM treatment of cholecystitis were selected,categorized according to study design,the strength of evidence,the first author's hospital type,and analyzed statistically.RESULTS:A search of the literature published from 1977 through 2009 yielded 1468 articles in Chinese and 9 in other languages;and 93.92% of the articles focused on clinical studies.No article was of levelⅠevidence,and 9.26% were of level Ⅱ evidence.The literature cited by Science Citation Index(SCI),MEDLINE and core Chinese medical journals accounted for 0.41%,0.68% and 7.29%,respectively.Typically,the articles featured in case reports of illness,examined from the perspective of EBM,were weak in both quality and evidence level,which inconsistently conflicted with the fact that most of the papers were by authors from Level-3 hospitals,the highest possible level evaluated based on their comprehensive quality and academic authenticity in China.CONCLUSION:The published literature on TCM treatment of cholecystitis is of low quality and based on low evidence,and cognitive medicine may functions as a useful supplementary framework for the evaluation.     

Preventive effect and safety of Chinese herbal medicine mouthwash in chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis: A protocol for systematic review and meta analysis

Background:Oral mucositis (OM), one of the most common side effects for cancer patients who have undergone chemotherapy, can cause severe impairment to patients’ functional ability and impact their quality of life, resulting in delayed and/or incomplete treatment. Traditional Chinese medicine offers empirical herbal decoctions to gargle for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced OM; however, evidence for its clinical efficacy and safety is lacking. Therefore, we provide a protocol to evaluate the preventive effect and safety of Chinese herbal medicine mouthwash in chemotherapy-induced OM.Methods:We will comprehensively retrieve relevant articles published till August 15, 2020, in the following electronic databases: the Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Chinese Science and Technique Journals Database, and the Wan-fang Database. Only randomized controlled trials will be included. We will use the criteria provided by the Cochrane Handbook for quality assessment and risk assessment of the included studies and use the RevMan 5.3 software for meta-analysis of the preventive effect and safety.Results:This study will assess the preventive effect and safety of Chinese herbal medicine mouthwash in chemotherapy-induced OM.Conclusion:This systematic review will provide evidence-based medical corroboration for the clinical application of the Chinese herbal medicine mouthwash in chemotherapy-induced OM.PROSPERO registration number:CRD42020206614.     

A database on treating drug addiction with traditional Chinese medicine

AIMS: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used to treat drug addiction for more than 160 years and valuable experiences have been accumulated with regard to patients' detoxification and rehabilitation. The aims of this project were (1) to establish a computerized, bilingual (Chinese-English) database on TCM for drug addiction; (2) to analyse the literature published in this field; and (3) to identify those Chinese herbs commonly used for drug addiction treatment. DESIGN: (1) Paper collection: related papers were collected through electronic databases and hand-searched materials; (2) data computerization: the Microsoft Access program and Delphi language were used as the major data management systems; (3) paper analysis: annual publications from 1989 to 2003 were classified and calculated; and (4) herbal analysis: the frequency of herbs used and herbal function categories were analysed. FINDINGS: (1) A special bilingual database that contained 340 works of professional literature, including 85 patent files on TCM for drug addiction, was established, in which more than 90% of the publications originated from mainland China; (2) the literature classification showed a significant increase in the number of publications on clinical and laboratory researches in this field over the past decade; (3) five functional categorizations of Chinese herbs and the 10 most frequently used Chinese herbs as well as three toxic herbs were identified from more than 200 herbs reported in 150 original research articles and 85 patent files. CONCLUSIONS: For the first time, the published data on TCM in the treatment of drug addiction were analysed systematically by using a new database. The results are invaluable for further laboratory and clinical studies to obtain more direct evidence.     

Herbal medicines for liver diseases in India

The use of natural remedies for the treatment of liver diseases has a long history, starting with the Ayurvedhic treatment, and extending to the Chinese, European and other systems of traditional medicines. The 21st century has seen a paradigm shift towards therapeutic evaluation of herbal products in liver diseases by carefully synergizing the strengths of the traditional systems of medicine with that of the modern concept of evidence-based medicinal evaluation, standardization of herbal products and randomized placebo controlled clinical trials to support clinical efficacy. The present review provides the status report on the scientific approaches made to herbal preparations used in Indian systems of medicine for the treatment of liver diseases. In spite of the availability of more than 300 preparations for the treatment of jaundice and chronic liver diseases in Indian systems of medicine using more than 87 Indian medicinal plants, only four terrestrial plants have been scientifically elucidated while adhering to the internationally acceptable scientific protocols. In-depth studies have proved Sylibum marianum to be anti-oxidative, antilipidperoxidative, antifibrotic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulating and liver regenerative. Glycyrrhiza glabra has been shown to be hepatoprotective and capable of inducing an indigenous interferon. Picrorhiza kurroa is proved to be anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory. Extensive studies on Phyllanthus amarus have confirmed this plant preparation as being anti-viral against hepatitis B and C viruses, hepatoprotective and immunomodulating, as well as possessing anti-inflammatory properties. For the first time in the Indian systems of medicine, a chemo-biological fingerprinting methodology for standardization of P. amarus preparation has been patented.     

Hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cell apoptosis and caspase-8 and Bcl-2 expression induced by injectable seed extract of Coix lacryma-jobi

BACKGROUND:Many Chinese herbs,especially herbal injections,have been shown to have anti-tumor effects in recent years.However,since most reports focus on the clinical effectiveness of these herbs,their mechanisms of action are not well understood.In this study,we assessed apoptosis in the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line HepG2 induced by an injectable extract from the seed of Coix lacryma-jobi (Semen coicis,SC),and monitored the expression of Bcl-2 and caspase-8.METHODS:Injectable SC was applied to ...     

Chinese herbal medicine for previous cesarean scar defect: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Previous cesarean scar defect (PCSD) is a gynecological disease that can cause bleeding after intercourse, prolonging menstrual period, intermenstrual bleeding, dysmenorrhea, and even lead to infertility. Chinese herbal medicine plays an important role in the treatment of gynecological diseases in China and East Asia. This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine for PCSD.Methods: We search the following databases: PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CB), Chinese Science and Technique Journals Database (VIP), EMBASE, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Database (CNKI), and the Wanfang Database. Other sources will also be searched like Google Scholar and gray literature. All databases mentioned above are searched from the start date to the latest version. Randomized controlled trials will be included which recruiting PCSD participants to assess the efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicines against controls (placebo or other therapeutic agents). Primary outcomes will include the size of PCSD, menstrual cycle, menstrual phase, menstrual volume, duration of disease, security index. Two authors will independently scan the searched articles, extract the data from attached articles, and import them into Endnote X8 and use Microsoft Excel 2013 to manage data and information. We will assess the risk of bias by Cochrane tool of risk of bias. Disagreements will be resolved by consensus or the participation of a third party. All analysis will be performed based on the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. The meta-analysis in this review will use RevMan 5.3 software.Results: The study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the treatment that Chinese herbal medicine for PCSD.Conclusion: This study of the meta-analysis could provide evidence for clinicians and help patients to make a better choice.INPLASY registration number:INPLASY202090080     

Hepatotoxic slimming aids and other herbal hepatotoxins

Perceptions of safety and/or cultural mores prompt individuals to seek herbal slimming aids in preference to conventional dietary, physical activity and medication-based protocols. In recent years, terpenoid-containing dietary supplements have been implicated in causing severe and sometimes fatal hepatotoxicity. Teucrium polium (germander) was the first of these herbal products to be clearly linked to cases of acute liver failure. Subsequently, similar hepatotoxicity has been observed with other members of the Teucrium genus. While diterpenoid-derived reactive metabolites are central to germander hepatotoxicity, it may also be that the hepatic effects of compounds such as Sho-saiko-to, Centella asiatica and Black cohosh are linked to their triterpenoid content. Other non-terpenoid-containing herbal remedies marketed for weight reduction have been causally associated with significant liver injury. Important among these are preparations containing N-nitrosofenfluramine, usnic acid and ephedra alkaloids. Finally, we review recent data on known and emerging hepatotoxins such as Boh-Gol-Zhee, Kava, pyrrolizidine alkaloids and Shou-Wu-Pian. Better public and physician awareness through health education, early recognition and management of herbal toxicity and tighter regulation of complementary/alternative medicine systems are required to minimize the dangers of herbal product use.     

How useful is traditional herbal medicine for pulmonary fibrosis?

IPF, despite considerable advances in clinical management and understanding of its complex pathophysiology, is still a fatal disease without effective treatment. Herbal medicine has been used for more than 5000 years and is the central component of medical practice in many parts of Asia. Not surprisingly, traditional and herbal medicine is also widely applied for treatment of IPF. This review describes the most important herbal medicines that are used for IPF treatment. The relevant experimental studies investigating potential mechanisms of these drugs are discussed. The best conducted clinical studies which have reported beneficial effects of some herbal medications in the management of IPF are also evaluated. Overall, there is considerable experimental support from preclinical studies for some of these herbal medicines, but the translation into clinical practice appears difficult. The clinical trials evaluating their anti-fibrotic potential are not fulfilling the standards expected from 'Western' medicines. Systematic clinical research in this field is still in its infancy, and as such, the routine use of traditional and herbal medicine cannot be recommended for patients suffering from IPF.     

Myocardial infarction secondary prevention study (MISPS)

Background Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), especially herbal medicine, has been widely used in China and now is also being increasingly used in other countries for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Although many studies have demonstrated that certain Chinese herbal products are effective and safe for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, most of these lack sufficient quality. Therefore, large randomized clinical trials and further scientific research to determine its safety, effectiveness are necessary.QiShen YiQi Dripping Pills (QSYQDP) is a herbal preparation clinically used in the treatment and prevention of coronary artery disease. Preliminary observations have shown its safety and effectiveness. Methods/Design This randomized, controlled trial will recruit 3600 patients with a history of myocardial infarction. Patients will be randomized into two groups by a Centr-Randomized System. One group receives QSYQDP, the other group receive aspirin. This trial protocol will describe eligibility criteria, detailed information on the treatment definition, blinding, endpoints, statistical methods, sample size determination, data management, legal aspects, and the current status of the trial. Discussion This trial is one of the first randomized, controlled clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment and secondary prevention of coronary artery disease. The results of this study should help to define the role of TCM in modern medical care, as well as to provide the management strategy for CAD patients in China and other countries.