老年冠心病患者炎症反应与肺炎衣原体感染相互关系的研究

目的 探讨老年冠心病患者肺炎衣原体（Cpn）感染与白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、C反应蛋白（CRP）及纤维蛋白原（Fg）间的相互关系。方法 采用数量免疫荧光法检测急性心肌梗死（AMI）组、心绞痛（AP）组及对照组患者各30例外周血Cpn IgG抗体，同时应用放免法检测血清IL-1β浓度，应用免疫浊度法测定血浆Fg及血清CRP水平。结果 AMI组、AP组血清抗Cpn IgG抗体阳性率显著高于对照组（均P〈0.01）,且AMI组与AP组间也有显著性差异（P〈0.01）。AMI组、AP组的血清IL-1β、CRP及血浆Fg水平显著高于对照组（均P〈0.01），Cpn感染者特异性抗体IgG滴度与血中IL-1β、CRP及Fg水平明显相关。结论 老年冠心病患者Cpn感染率明显增高，Cpn可能通过介导炎症反应及诱生急性相蛋白在冠心病的发生、发展中起作用。     

肺炎衣原体感染对冠心病发病影响的临床观察

目的 研究肺炎衣原体(Cpn)感染与冠心病(CHD)的关系.方法 应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定冠心病组(120例)和对照组(111例)血清Cpn特异性抗体IgM、IgG及IgA,同时应用免疫浊度法测定冠心病组(97例)和对照组(95例)血清C-反应蛋白(CRP)含量.结果 冠心病组血清Cpn抗体IgG和/或IgA阳性率及IgG和IgA滴度明显高于对照组(均P<0.05);急性心肌梗死(AMI)、不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)及慢性冠心病(CCHD)患者血清Cpn抗体IgG及IgA滴度均分别高于对照组(均P<0.05);冠心病组Cpn抗体IgM阳性率及滴度与对照组无明显差异;IgG和/或IgA及CRP均为阳性组的冠心病发生率明显增高;多元回归分析显示Cpn慢性感染与冠心病发病呈正相关(P=0.045),Cpn慢性感染与冠心病其他危险因素间无相关性.结论Cpn慢性感染可作为冠心病的独立危险因素,炎症反应的发生可能是Cpn慢性感染导致动脉粥样硬化的关键环节.     

炎症反应、肺炎衣原体与不稳定型心绞痛的相关性研究

目的 :探讨炎症反应、肺炎衣原体 (chlamydiapneumoniae ,Cpn)感染与不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)发病的关系。方法 :选择不稳定型心绞痛 (UAP)、稳定型心绞痛 (SAP)各 30例及正常健康者 2 0例作研究对象。应用微量免疫荧光法检测其血清Cpn特异性抗体IgG、IgM滴度 ,酶联免疫法检测肿瘤坏死因子 α(TNF α)水平 ,散射免疫浊度法检测C反应蛋白 (CRP)水平。结果 :①UAP组TNF α、CRP水平均高于SAP组和正常组 ,其中 ,TNF α水平SAP组高于正常组 ,但CRP水平SAP组与正常组差异无显著性意义。而且 ,TNF α与CRP呈直线正相关。② 3组Cpn特异性IgG抗体阳性率分别为83.3%、6 0 .0 %和 35 .0 %,UAP组高于SAP组和正常组 ,但SAP组与正常组无明显差异。IgM抗体阳性率分别为2 3.3%、2 6 .7%和 2 5 .0 %,组间比较差异无显著性意义。③IgG抗体阳性者血清TNF α、CRP水平均显著高于阴性者 ,IgM抗体阳性者和阴性者各参数比较差异均无显著性意义。结论 :Cpn慢性感染与UAP发生密切相关 ,其参与UAP的可能机制是 :Cpn感染诱导TNF α和CRP产生 ,刺激机体炎症反应 ,加重动脉粥样硬化损害 ,从而促进UAP的发生。     

老年冠心病患者血清脂联素及肺炎衣原体抗体等水平的观察

目的 探讨老年冠心病(CHD) 患者血清脂联素、肺炎衣原体(Cpn)抗体及细胞间黏附分子-1 (ICAM-1)等水平的变化及其临床意义. 方法 临床确诊的老年CHD病人300例,以342例健康查体者为对照组,放免法测定其血清脂联素,ELISA法检测血清Cpn抗体及ICAM-1、C反应蛋白(CRP)、白介素-6(IL-6)水平,同时对其作血脂分析. 结果 老年CHD患者血清Cpn IgA抗体阳性率显著高于对照组(P＜0.01),IgM抗体则与对照组无显著差异;急性心肌梗死(AMI)及不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)者Cpn IgG抗体阳性率明显高于对照组(P＜0.05).CHD病人血清脂联素明显低于对照组(P＜0.01),而ICAM-1、CRP及IL-6则明显高于对照组(P＜0.05). 结论 Cpn抗体高阳性率及脂联素的降低与老年冠心病之间存在联系,而患者血清ICAM-1、CRP及IL-6水平的升高也提示炎症反应在冠心病的发生发展中起着重要作用.     

炎症反应肺炎衣原体感染与冠心病的临床相关性研究

目的对白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、纤维蛋白原(Fg)、肺炎衣原体感染(Cpn)与冠心病(CHD)间的关系进行探讨研究。方法选取2015年1月~2016年1月我院收治的急性心肌梗死患者41例为研究对象,作为AMI组,以冠状动脉造影证实心绞痛患者41例作为本次研究AP组,取健康体检者41名作为本次研究对照组。采用相应的检测方法测定三组对象体内IL-6、CRP、Fg、Cpn各项指标并行组间比较。结果 AMI组IL-6、CRP、Fg水平、Cpn-Ig G阳性率均高于对照组,AP组IL-6、CRP、Fg水平、Cpn-Ig G阳性率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论通过炎症反应强度能了解冠心病患者病变程度,Cpn慢性感染,冠心病二者存在一定相关性,在冠心病的发生发展过程中可能有Cpn慢性感染参与。     

冠心病患者甘露聚糖结合凝集素、肺炎衣原体感染的变化及相关性分析

目的探讨冠心病(CHD)患者血浆甘露聚糖结合凝集素(MBL)含量及肺炎衣原体(Cpn)感染情况及冠心病的可能致病机制。方法采集100例CHD患者和60例健康对照者抗凝血,用ELISA法对血浆中MBL含量及肺炎衣原体(Cpn)IgG进行检测。结果CHD患者血浆MBL含量(3900μg/L)高于健康对照组(2056μg/L)(P<0.01);CHD患者血浆CpnIgG阳性率(51.00%)高于健康对照组(33.33%)(P<0.05);CHD中51例血浆CpnIgG阳性者MBL含量(3819μg/L)与49例血浆CpnIgG阴性者MBL含量(3984μg/L)比较,差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论MBL和Cpn感染与CHD之间存在一定关系,可能参与了CHD的发生、发展过程。Cpn感染阳性和阴性组的MBL含量未显示统计学差异。     

肺炎衣原体感染与急性心肌梗死相关性研究

目的探讨肺炎衣原体(Cpn)感染与冠心病心肌梗死的关系。方法测定51例急性心肌梗死、42例陈旧性心肌梗死患者及冠状动脉造影正常的31例健康者、33例非冠心病患者血Cpn抗体水平及DNA,同时观测纤维蛋白原(Fg)、6酮前列腺素F1α(6KetoPGF1α)、血栓素B2(TXB2)、P选择素(GMP140)变化。结果急性心肌梗死组CpnIgG、CpnIgM阳性率及水平高于健康对照组、非冠心病组,CpnDNA检测结果与之吻合。校正冠心病危险因素前、后CpnIgG阳性与急性心肌梗死均有相关性(OR=3.65,P=0.025;OR=3.17,P=0.033)。急性心肌梗死组中Cpn(+)组与Cpn(-)组比较,Fg、TXB2、GMP140水平显著升高,6KetoPGF1α水平显著降低(均为P<0.01);IgG与Fg、TXB2、GMP140呈正相关,与6KetoPGF1α呈负相关。结论Cpn感染与急性心肌梗死存在明显的相关性,与Fg、TXB2、6KetoPGF1α及GMP140也存在相关性。     

幽门螺杆菌感染与急性心肌梗死患者血清脂质和C-反应蛋白的关系

目的 :探讨幽门螺杆菌 (Hp)感染与冠心病 (CHD)急性心肌梗死 (AMI)的关系。方法 :测定 5 1例AMI和 4 2例陈旧性心肌梗死 (OMI)患者及 31例冠状动脉造影正常者 (对照组 )的Hp特异性抗体 (HpIgG、HpIgM)浓度 ,并同步观察血浆C 反应蛋白 (CRP)、血清脂质变化及其与Hp感染的相关性。结果 :AMI组HpIgG、HpIgM阳性率及平均浓度 (或OD值 )明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 )。校正CHD危险因素前、后 ,HpIgG阳性与AMI均具有相关关系。AMI组HpIgG、总胆固醇 (TC)、甘油三酯 (TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL C)明显高于对照组 ;CRP高于对照组及OMI组。AMI组中Hp(+)者CRP、TG明显高于 ,HDL C明显低于Hp(- )者 (P <0 .0 5 )及OMI组中Hp(+)者 (P <0 .0 1) ;并且IgG与CRP、TC、LDL C呈正相关 ,与HDL C呈负相关 (均P <0 .0 5 ) ,调整与CRP相关的CHD危险因素后 ,IgG与CRP仍呈正相关 (P <0 .0 5 )。治疗后AMI组、AMI组中Hp(+)者CRP明显低于治疗前 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,且仍与IgG呈正相关 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :Hp感染与AMI之间存在明显的相关性 ,与血脂、CRP也存在相关性     

感染与冠心病的相关性研究

目的 :探讨感染与冠心病 (CHD)的关系。方法 :选择了 118例冠状动脉造影的患者 ,其中 6 3例冠状动脉造影阳性患者为CHD组 ,5 5例冠状动脉造影阴性者为非CHD组。检测了患者血清幽门螺杆菌抗体 (HpIgG)、肺炎衣原体抗体 (CpnIgG)、巨细胞病毒抗体 (CMVIgG)、单纯疱疹病毒 1抗体 (HSV 1IgG)、单纯疱疹病毒 2抗体 (HSV 2IgG)、腺病毒抗体 (AdenovirusIgG)、同型半胱氨酸 (Hcy)、总胆固醇 (TC)和甘油三酯 (TG)。 结果 :HpIgG、CpnIgG、CMVIgG、HSV 1IgG、HSV 2IgG和adenovirusIgG在两组间差异均无显著性意义 (均 P 0 .0 5 ) ,Hcy、TC和TG在病毒感染阳性与阴性间差异亦无显著性意义 (均P 0 .0 5 )。结论 :Hp、肺炎衣原体、巨细胞病毒、单纯疱疹 1、单纯疱疹 2、腺病毒感染可能与CHD的发病无明显相关     

急性冠脉综合征患者血清肺炎衣原体、 人巨细胞病毒感染的血清学研究

目的　探讨急性冠脉综合征与肺炎衣原体、人巨细胞病毒感染之间的关系。方法　对 42例急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者、43例不稳定心绞痛 (UAP)患者和 33例健康对照者采用微量免疫荧光法 (Micro IFA)检测血清中肺炎衣原体特异性抗体IgG、IgM及其滴度 ,用间接酶联免疫吸附测定法测定血清中人巨细胞病毒抗体IgG和IgM。结果　三组研究对象中均未检出急性肺炎衣原体感染者。急性心肌梗死、不稳定心绞痛组和正常对照组肺炎衣原体慢性感染率分别为6 6 7%、6 2 8%和 36 4% ,其中急性心肌梗死组、不稳定心绞痛组肺炎衣原体慢性感染率均较对照组升高 ,有统计学差异(P <0 0 5 )。上述三组平均肺炎衣原体特异性抗体滴度分别为 1 42、1 37和 0 88,急性心肌梗死组较正常对照组升高 ,有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1)。不稳定心绞痛组较正常对照组升高 ,有统计学差异 (P <0 0 5 )。此外 ,急性心肌梗死组与不稳定心绞痛组之间肺炎衣原体慢性感染率及平均IgG滴度无统计学差异 (P >0 0 5 )。三组研究对象中仅检出 1例抗人巨细胞病毒抗体IgM阳性者 ,IgG阳性率分别为 34 2 %、2 1 6 %和 41 9% ,无统计学差异。结论　肺炎衣原体慢性感染与急性冠脉综合征之间存在一定的联系 ,人巨细胞病毒感染与急性冠脉综合征之间的关系仍需进一步的     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.