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1.
目的探讨转运经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗与外援PCI对急性心肌梗死(AMI)救治的影响。方法收集经外援PCI方式(输送医生)救治的AMI患者50名以及经转运PCI方式(转运患者)救治的AMI患者50名的资料。比较两种救治方式对于决定介入至导管室(determine intervention to catheter room,DI-to-C)时间、决定介入至球囊扩张(determine intervention to balloon dilation,DI-to-B)时间、完全血运重建率、急性期住院病死率及随访6个月主要不良心血管事件(MACE)发生率的影响。结果两组总的转运路程为35~100 km,车程约40~90 min。外援PCI组DI-to-C、DI-to-B时间与转运PCI组无显著差别,但外援PCI组的完全血运重建率、急性期住院并发症率好于转运PCI组(P0.05),两组的随访6个月的MACE发生率也有显著差异(P0.05)。结论跟目前成熟的转运PCI相比,外援PCI无法缩短DI-to-C、DI-to-B时间,但在提高血运重建率、降低急性期住院并发症、改善预后方面有积极的意义。  相似文献   

2.
心血管疾病是导致人类死亡的主要原因之一,心血管疾病所引起人类死亡约占全球死亡总数的30%。microRNAs(miRNAs)是一类通过调节靶mRNA转录或转录后翻译诱导靶基因表达沉默而发挥广泛生物学作用的非编码RNA。近年来,大量研究表明:miRNAs在哺乳动物心血管系统中广泛表达并在多种心血管疾病的病理发生过程中发挥着关键的调节作用,包括心脏重构、缺血性心脏疾病以及心律不齐等。miRNAs在心血管疾病中如此广泛的作用为阐明心血管疾病的发病机制提供了新的视角并为心血管疾病的诊断与治疗提供了新的靶点。  相似文献   

3.
在卫生保健部门实施一些新常规常会有一些个别的和前后上下关系的障碍.在结核病部门工作的卫生专业人员不大可能进行戒烟干预,除非他们认识到这项干预的重要性,相信采用这项干预可能产生效果.卫生专业人员应该了解他们期望做什么并掌握有关的技巧或措施.但是除了让他们知情外,自愿和乐意的卫生工作人员以及卫生服务部门还需提供具有激励性的基础设施.结核病患者管理的标准实用指南中,在标准的督导过程中,必须包括戒烟的内容及其相应的表格.项目管理者及技术顾问需要咨询、鼓励、支持戒烟干扰的内涵.设有协调戒烟活动的工作人员是可取的,这样可以保证所需材料的供应和对其他工作人员提供反馈和帮助.  相似文献   

4.
张田田  王长谦 《心脏杂志》2017,29(5):614-616
动脉粥样硬化(AS)不仅是一种炎症性疾病,而且属于一种代谢性疾病。肠道微生态的改变可对AS的发生发展产生双面影响。一方面,肠道菌群紊乱可以通过影响机体的胆碱代谢、氧化应激、炎症反应等机制直接促进AS产生发展,此外,可通过导致AS危险因素肥胖、高脂血症、糖尿病等的产生这些间接机制促AS的进展。另一方面,益生菌及益生元的增加则可有效地降低肠道微生物内毒素产生、增强肠道屏障、减轻机体质量、缓解炎症反应、改善胰岛素抵抗,进而在AS的进展方面发挥重要作用。因此,合理调控机体肠道微生态环境成为AS防治的新型重要手段。  相似文献   

5.
艾滋病预防控制与循证医学   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为了控制艾滋病的蔓延和传播,人类社会每年都要投入巨额资源,但资源的相对有限性和健康需求的多样性,使得艾滋病防制工作的效率和效果成为决策者普遍关注的问题.而随着循证医学的发展和循证决策的思想日渐深入人心,循证医学也为艾滋病防制的科学决策提供了新的思路.但是,尽管循证医学的理论和方法已经较为成熟,如何把这种源于临床实践的决策思想运用到需要大量行为学、社会学工作的艾滋病防制领域,却需要从方法学上做更深入的研究和探讨.该文选择艾滋病防制决策中证据的判定标准、防制效果及效率的区分两个比较重要的问题进行了初步讨论,并对艾滋病防制工作中的循证实践提出建议.  相似文献   

6.
心力衰竭(HF)是多种心血管疾病的最终临床转归,其中心脏病理性重构是HF重要的病理生理基础。目前尚缺乏针对心脏病理性重构的特异性治疗手段,因此目前对于HF的治疗尚无法从本质上改变其生物学特性。组蛋白去乙酰化酶(HDACs)作为一种重要的表观遗传调控机制,已经被证实参与调控多条心脏病理性进程通路。同时多种针对特定HDACs的靶向干预药物已经面试,这为HF的治疗提供了全新的视角和思路。本文将对HDACs在心脏病理性重构中的意义及潜在靶向干预靶点进行综述。  相似文献   

7.
如何权衡老年人心房颤动患者抗凝治疗的获益/风险?   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
心房颤动(Af)患者卒中率显著高于同龄的健康人.目前的Af治疗指南建议对于具有中危及高危卒中危险的M患者给予长期的抗凝治疗.老年人卒中率及抗凝治疗出血发生率均显著增加,顾虑抗凝相关的出血并发症使很多本该从抗凝治疗受益的患者,曝露于卒中风险之下,是导致临床抗凝率低的主要原因.因此,恰当的评价老年Af患者卒中/出血的可能风险、获益,是提高抗凝率,改善患者顺应性,从而最终降低卒中风险和减少出血并发症的前提.  相似文献   

8.
布氏菌是一组能引起人畜共患病的革兰氏阴性菌,在适宜的条件下能生存很长时间,有较高的抗灭活能力,对湿热、紫外线和各种射线以及常用的消毒剂、抗生素、化学药物比较敏感.尽快消灭病原体是治疗布氏菌病的关键.笔者就目前相关药物的抗菌机制进行了综述,以便根据布氏菌病不同的型、期来选择最佳的治疗药物,尽快的治愈患者.  相似文献   

9.
目的:为马拉维国家结核病控制规划(NTP)发展对局部地区适用的贫穷测量指标,通过建立现有结核病人的社会-经济学结构图,以评价不同社会-经济学群组对结核病服务的利用程度.设计:通过对1998年马拉维综合家庭调查的数据进行回归分析,建立关于贫穷的定量测量替代指标.通过对利隆圭城区贫民区和非贫民区进行关于贫穷的定量评价,以建立社会-经济学状态的关键指标.采用定量和定性指标对参与横断面研究的179名结核病人进行社会-经济学状态的评价.结果:贫穷的替代测量指标和定性指标显示了相似的对病人贫穷状态评价的能力.利用定量和定性指标对病人进行贫穷评价的贫穷率分别是78%和70%.地理分析显示60%的病人来自非贫民区,只有15%(26/139)来自贫民区.结论:本研究建立了利用贫穷替代测量指标和定性指标监测结核病服务利用可及性的策略.这对于发展循证的贫民优先的公平结核病服务而言,是关键的第一步.  相似文献   

10.
温泉浴因其独特的治疗保健作用而备受重视养生者的青睐。随着人们生话水平的提高,很多人对泡温泉产生了浓厚兴趣,甚至一些旅行社也把泡温泉作为招揽顾客的一个项目。人们普遍的看法是:泡温泉可以治疗一些慢性疾病.并且能放松疲劳的身体,恢复精力,又可泡出美丽肌肤,很多中老年多讲究,泡好了,对身体有好处;泡不好,有可能对自己的健康更不利。温泉浴是一项较为复杂的养生活动,关于选泉、泡温泉时间、温度等,要因人而异,不可将温泉浴当成一般的洗澡而匆忙上阵。尤其是那些想利用泡温泉来治疗疾病的中老年人,应该针对不同的情况选择不同的温泉,才能获得好的效果。  相似文献   

11.
Clinically nonfunctioning adenomas (CNFAs) range from being completely asymptomatic, and therefore detected at autopsy or as incidental findings on head MRI or CT scans performed for other reasons, to causing significant hypothalamic/pituitary dysfunction and visual field compromise because of their large size. Patients with incidental adenomas should be screened for hypersecretion and hyposecretion. In the absence of hypersecretion, hypopituitarism, or visual field defects, patients may be followed by periodic screening by MRI for enlargement. Symptomatic patients with CNFAs are generally treated by transsphenoidal resection. Postoperative MRI scans are done at 3 to 4 months after surgery to assess for completeness of resection and then repeated yearly for 3 to 5 years and subsequently less frequently to assess for regrowth. The regrowth rate may be substantially reduced with the use of dopamine agonists and radiotherapy.  相似文献   

12.
Tubercular abscess of the pituitary fossa is rare and may lead to diagnostic uncertainty in a patient with absence of tuberculosis elsewhere in the body. We present a rare case report of a young lady who presented with sellar and suprasellar cystic mass. She was diagnosed as a case of pituitary macroadenoma and was intraoperatively found to harbor pus in the lesion. She did not have any symptoms of infection. The case underlines the importance of considering such a possibility in the differential diagnosis of cystic sellar lesions and further diagnostic tests should be done for confirmation and treatment of this rare and potential life threatening illness.  相似文献   

13.
14.
15.
Angiogenesis in pituitary adenomas and the normal pituitary gland   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
Angiogenesis is essential for tumor growth beyond a few millimeters in diameter, and the intratumoral microvessel count that represents a measure of angiogenesis has been correlated with tumor behavior in a variety of different tumor types. To date no systematic study has assessed pituitary tumors of different secretory types, correlating vascular count with tumor size. The vascular densities of pituitary tumors and normal anterior pituitary were therefore assessed by counting vessels labeled using the vascular markers CD31 and ulex europaeus agglutinin I. One hundred and twelve surgically removed pituitary adenomas (30 GH-secreting, 25 prolactinomas, 15 ACTH-secreting, and 42 nonfunctioning tumors) were compared with 13 specimens of normal anterior pituitary gland. The vascular counts in the normal anterior pituitary gland were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those in the tumors using both CD31 and ulex europaeus agglutinin I. In addition, microprolactinomas were significantly less vascular (P < 0.05) than macroprolactinomas, although there was no such difference between vascular densities of microadenomas and macroadenomas producing GH. ACTH-secreting tumors were, like microprolactinomas, of much lower vascular density than the normal pituitary and other secreting and nonsecreting tumor types. In marked contrast to other tumors, pituitary adenomas are less vascular than the normal pituitary gland, suggesting that there may be inhibitors of angiogenesis that play an important role in the behavior of these tumors.  相似文献   

16.

Surgery of aggressive pituitary adenomas and pituitary carcinomas is part of the interdisciplinary management of these difficult to treat tumors. Invasion, giant size and unusual, asymmetric extent of these tumors frequently require modifications or extensions of the standard approaches for transsphenoidal and transcranial surgery. Frequently, only debulking procedures can be performed. In aggressive and hormone secreting adenomas, the remission rates achieved by surgery alone are relatively poor and adjuvant medical treatments or irradiation are needed. Safe resection of as much tumor as possible and symptomatic control is aimed at, rather than remission. Many procedures are required for rapid progression of lesions or recurrences, in order to extend the survival of the patients. Metastases of pituitary carcinomas within the cranial cavity or spine can be attacked. Since they can occur anywhere in the brain or spinal canal they require the entire battery of neurosurgical approaches. Unfortunately, in this group of pituitary tumors, the complication rates are higher than in primary operations of enclosed adenomas. The respective techniques with their facilities and limitations are reviewed in this article.

  相似文献   

17.
18.
Endoscopic pituitary surgery   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Pituitary surgery is a continuous evolving speciality of the neurosurgeons’ armamentarium, which requires precise anatomical knowledge, technical skills and integrated appreciation of the pituitary pathophysiology. What we consider “pure” endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery is a procedure performed through the nose and the sphenoid bone, with the endoscope alone throughout the whole approach to visualize the surgical target area and without the use of any transsphenoidal retractor. It offers some advantages due to the endoscope itself: a superior close-up view of the relevant anatomy and an enlarged working angle are provided with an increased panoramic vision inside the surgical area. Concerning results in terms of mass removal, relief of clinical symptoms, cure of the underlying disease and complication rate, they are, at least, similar to those reported in the major microsurgical series, but patient compliance is by far better. Furthermore transsphenoidal endoscopy brings advantages to the patient (less nasal traumatism, no nasal packing, less post-op pain and usually quick recovery), to the surgeon (wider and closer view of the surgical target area, increase of the scientific activity as from the peer-reviewed literature on the topic in the last 10 years, smoothing of interdisciplinary cooperation), to the institution (shorter post-op hospital stay, increase of the case load). Besides, further progress and technological advance are expected from the close cooperation between different technologies and industries. Continuing works in such field of “minimalism” will offer further possibilities to provide the surgeon with even more effectiveness and safety, and, on the other hand, the patient with improvement of results.  相似文献   

19.
Non-functioning pituitary carcinomas (NFPC) are defined as tumours of adenophyseal origin with craniospinal or systemic dissemination, with the absence of a hormonal hypersecretion syndrome. These are a histologically heterogenous group of tumours, comprising gonadotroph, null cell, “silent” tumours of corticotroph, somatotroph or lactotroph cell lineages as well as plurihormonal Pit-1 tumours. NFPC are exceedingly rare, and hence few cases have been described. This review has identified 38 patients with NFPC reported in the literature. Recurrent invasive non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPA) were observed in a majority of patients. Various factors have been identified as markers of the potential for aggressive behaviour, including rapid tumour growth, growth after radiotherapy, gain or shift of hormone secretion and raised proliferative markers. Typically, there is a latency of several years from the original presentation with an NFPA to identification of metastases and only 5 cases reported with rapidly progressive malignant disease within 1 month of presentation. Therapeutic options include debulking surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy with temozolomide recommended as first line systemic treatment. Although long-term survivors are described, prognosis remains generally very poor (median survival 8 months). Improvements in molecular tumour profiling may assist in predicting tumour behaviour, guide therapeutic choices and identify novel therapies.  相似文献   

20.
Autoantibodies to cell surface antigens of human somatotropinoma (ASAS), human prolactinoma (ASAP) and rat adenohypophysis (ASARA) were assayed in the serum of patients with pituitary diseases associated with GH deficiency (GHD), such as pituitary dwarfism and primary empty sella syndrome (ESS), and in the serum of patients with hyperprolactinaemia of different etiologies: idiopathic hyperprolactinaemia, prolactinoma and ESS. The investigation was carried out with a cellular variant of an ELISA. Among children with GHD, the highest percentage of antibody-positive patients was found in the group with idiopathic isolated GHD (89% of ASAS(+) patients and 30% of ASARA(+) patients vs 33.3% and 0% respectively in the group with idiopathic combined pituitary hormone deficiency, and 33.3% and 9% in patients with pituitary hypoplasia associated with isolated GHD or combined pituitary hormone deficiency). Among hyperprolactinaemic patients, the highest ASAP and ASARA frequency was observed in patients with idiopathic hyperprolactinaemia (67.7% and 41.9% respectively) where it was twice as high as in the group of patients with prolactinoma. The proportion of ASAS(+) and ASARA(+) did not differ significantly between the groups of patients with ess with or without GHD. Similarly, there was no significant difference between the number of ESS ASAP(+) and ASARA(+) patients with or without hyperprolactinaemia. The data obtained suggested that autoimmune disorders may be primary, and responsible, at least in part, for pituitary dysfunction in the cases of idiopathic isolated GHD and idiopathic hyperprolactinaemia. At the same time, the autoimmune disorders in the patients with prolactinoma or ESS are probably secondary to the organic pituitary lesion and their significance in the development of the pituitary dysfunction is obscure.  相似文献   

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