艾滋病并发肺结核多层螺旋CT影像特点分析

目的探讨艾滋病并发肺结核病多层螺旋CT表现特点。方法回顾性分析2017年1月至2018年6月重庆市公共卫生医疗救治中心88例经临床确诊的艾滋病并发肺结核患者(研究组)的胸部CT表现,并与同时期86例经临床确诊的普通肺结核患者(对照组)的胸部CT进行比较,总结研究组CT影像特点。结果 (1)病变性质与形态:研究组较对照组更常见的表现有片状影、粟粒影、弥漫结节影、磨玻璃影、胸腔积液、纵隔淋巴结肿大、腋窝淋巴结肿大等(P0.05);研究组较对照组少见的表现有斑片状影、树丫征、空洞性病变、干酪性病变、纤维条索影、钙化、支气管扩张、胸膜增厚等(P0.05)。(2)病变分布:研究组较对照组更易在肺结核的非好发部位出现病变(P0.05)。(3)病变范围:研究组较对照组病变范围更广泛(P0.05)。(4)肺外结核:两组肺外结核发病率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。(5)CD~+_4T淋巴细胞计数:研究组平均82.27±61.09个/μL,对照组平均392.09±175.86个/μL,两组差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论艾滋病并发肺结核的胸部多层螺旋CT表现不典型且表现形式多样,片状影、粟粒影、弥漫结节影、磨玻璃影、纵隔淋巴结肿大及腋窝淋巴结肿大等征象是其常见表现,尤其是双肺弥漫结节影伴纵隔淋巴结肿大、坏死,高度提示艾滋病并发肺结核。     

艾滋病合并肺结核113例临床及CT影像分析

目的分析艾滋病合并肺结核患者的临床特点和X线计算机断层摄影(CT)影像特点。方法对2010年1月至2017年4月本院确诊的艾滋病合并肺结核患者的临床资料及CT征象进行回顾性分析,总结临床特征,比较不同CD4~+T淋巴细胞(简称CD4细胞)水平组、痰涂片阳性/阴性组的CT征象及预后。结果 113例艾滋病合并肺结核患者平均年龄为(48.06±12.29)岁;CD4细胞≤200个/μL的艾滋病合并肺结核占81.4%;患者临床症状多样,其中发热64例(56.6%),咳嗽58例(51.3%);痰涂片阳性率低(16.8%);胸部影像表现不典型,有多种表现;经积极治疗,获得好转率为79.6%。结论艾滋病合并肺结核的临床表现不典型,CT表现缺乏特点,早期临床医生应该高度重视,尤其对于CD4细胞≤200个/μL者,提高其诊断率,早期积极治疗可改善预后。     

艾滋病并发血行播散性肺结核的临床及CT表现分析

目的分析艾滋病并发血行播散性肺结核的临床及CT表现特点。方法采用回顾性分析,选取2014年1月至2017年12月经本院确诊的83例艾滋病并发血行播散性肺结核患者为研究组,同期94例艾滋病病毒阴性血行播散性肺结核患者为对照组。分析其临床症状、实验室检查及CT表现特点。结果研究组痰菌阳性、结核菌素试验阳性、发热、咳嗽、乏力、盗汗的发生率低于对照组(P均0.05);CD4+T淋巴细胞200个/μL、纳差、体重下降、合并其他感染的发生率高于对照组(P0.05)。研究组粟粒结节的大小、密度及分布表现为均匀一致者低于对照组(P均0.05);斑片影、磨玻璃影、小叶间隔增厚、胸腔积液、心包积液、淋巴结肿大及肺外结核的发生率高于对照组(P均0.05)。结论艾滋病并发血行播散性肺结核临床表现不典型,粟粒结节多呈"三不均匀"分布,常伴纵隔淋巴结肿大及胸腔积液。     

胸部CT影像学特征在艾滋病合并肺结核中的诊断价值

目的 探讨胸部CT影像学特征在艾滋病合并肺结核中的诊断价值.方法 分析2010年1月～2010年6月本院诊治的89例艾滋病合并肺结核患者胸部CT影像学特征,以期进行诊断价值的分析.结果 临床分型:8例为Ⅰ型肺结核;11例为Ⅱ型肺结核;74例为Ⅲ型肺结核;19例为Ⅳ肺结核;1例为V型结核.CT影像学表现:多叶段受累及,片状阴影及腺泡样结节阴影并存,病灶中心浓密,周边模糊.结论 艾滋病合并肺结核的胸部CT影像学特征表现为多种性质的病灶共存,多形态多叶段分布,斑片状影、纵隔淋巴结增大、胸腔积液23例,心包积液15例;纤维化、钙化、结核增殖灶少见.     

艾滋病合并肺结核的影像学特征及其与CD4+T淋巴细胞的相关性

目的探讨艾滋病合并肺结核病的影像学特征及其与CD+4 T淋巴细胞的相关性.方法回顾性对照分析26例艾滋病晚期合并肺结核患者与60例单纯性肺结核患者的胸部X线表现、CD+4 T淋巴细胞的检测结果.结果 (1) 胸片结果显示艾滋病合并肺结核患者较单纯性肺结核患者出现较多淡片状模糊阴影(53.8%与8.3%;P<0.01)、粟粒结节影(23.1%与5.0%;P< 0.05)、胸内淋巴结肿大(34.6%与8.3%;P< 0.01)及肺外结核(23.1%与3.3%;P< 0.05),较少表现为上肺野或肺尖部病变(23.1%与76.7%;P<0.01)、实变或密度不均匀增高影(11.5%与71.7%;P< 0.01)、合并空洞影(7.7%与30.0%;P< 0.05);二者胸腔积液差异无统计学意义(11.5%与20.0%;P>0.05).(2)CD+4T淋巴细胞检测结果显示26例艾滋病合并肺结核患者与31例单纯性肺结核患者的CD+4 T淋巴细胞相对数分别为(5.0±6.4)%与(65.3±1.5)%,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);26例艾滋病合并肺结核患者中,CD+4 T淋巴细胞计数<50个/μl的15例患者均为不典型肺结核,CD+4 T淋巴细胞计数为50～100个/μl的4例中,有3例为不典型肺结核,而4例CD+4T淋巴细胞计数为>100～200个/μl与2例>200个/μl的病例中,不典型肺结核分别为2与0例.结论艾滋病晚期患者影像表现多不典型,这与CD+4T淋巴细胞计数明显减低有关.因此了解艾滋病合并肺结核的影像特征与CD+4T淋巴细胞的相关性,对于艾滋病患者的早诊断、早治疗、早隔离具有重要的意义.     

CD4 T淋巴细胞分级表达与艾滋病合并肺结核影像征象相关性研究

目的 探讨CD4 T淋巴细胞分级表达与艾滋病(AIDS)合并肺结核影像征象的相关性.方法 依照CD4 T淋巴细胞数多少分为Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级,对56例AIDS合并肺结核螺旋CT征象与CD4 T淋巴细胞分级表达进行相关性研究.结果 原发性肺结核、单发空洞发生率与CD4 T淋巴细胞分级表达呈正相关;斑片状和(或)实变影、多发空洞、多发结节、纵隔和(或)腋下淋巴结肿大发生率和继发性肺结核、右肺中叶及双肺下叶发生率与CD4 T淋巴细胞分级表达呈负相关.结论 AIDS合并肺结核病变特征与CD4 T淋巴细胞的免疫功能损害有关,CD4 T淋巴细胞表达越低,肺部影像征象越不典型.     

20例艾滋病病人免疫重建中合并结核相关性重建炎性综合征的胸部CT影像特点

目的探讨艾滋病(AIDS)病人在免疫重建过程中,合并与肺结核相关重建炎性综合征的胸部计算机层析成像(CT)影像特点。方法采用回顾性分析的方法,对20例AIDS病人免疫重建过程中,合并结核相关性重建炎性综合征的胸部CT影像进行分析。结果 20例AIDS免疫重建合并肺结核相关重建炎性综合征病人的胸部CT影像,表现为急性血行播散型肺结核与继发型肺结核,急性血行播散型肺结核9例(45.0%,9/20),继发型肺结核11例(55.0%,11/20)。病灶分布3个肺叶及以上者7例(35.0%,7/20),病灶局限于1～2个肺叶者4例(20.0%,4/20)。病变形态为粟粒影、结节影、肺段与亚段实变影,分别为13例(65.0%,13/20)、9例(45.0%,9/20)、5例(25.0%,5/20),肺空洞3例(15.0%,3/20)。胸部CT影像出现纵隔淋巴结肿大伴液化坏死17例(85.0%,17/20),胸腔积液15例(75%,15/20)。结论 AIDS免疫重建合并肺结核相关重建炎性综合征时,胸部CT影像特点是病变呈弥漫、多肺叶分布,粟粒影、结节影、肺段与亚段实变影为肺部病变主要形态,纵隔淋巴结肿大伴液化坏死、胸腔积液常见。其发生机制与重新激活的异常免疫应答相关。在高效抗反转录病毒治疗同时,积极给予抗结核治疗后,病变吸收明显。     

临床观察糖尿病患肺结核的胸部CT表现的特点

目的临床观察糖尿病患肺结核的胸部CT特点并加以探讨。方法选取该院2014年6月—2015年6月的影像科检查的70例糖尿病患肺结核患者的胸部CT进行诊断分析,同时选取同期的非糖尿病患肺结核患者60例,两组可看做糖尿病组与非糖尿病组,并将两组患者的结核病变部位与CT表现征象加以对比。结果糖尿病组中145个肺段发生病灶,其中常见部位90个肺段,占62.1%,少见部位55个肺段,占37.9%。非糖尿病组有90个肺段发展病灶,其中常见部位55个,占61.1%,少见部位35个肺段,占38.9%,(P0.05)。糖尿病组患者的空洞形成比非糖尿病组干酪病变多(P0.05)。结论经过对比可知两组患者的胸部CT有所差异,病灶多在常见部位发生,然而糖尿病患肺结核患者CT更为多样性,且CT表现不典型。     

115例痰菌阳性肺结核螺旋CT影像分析

目的分析痰菌阳性肺结核的CT影像表现,总结其CT诊断特征。方法115例患者均行常规螺旋CT扫描,部分加以局部薄层扫描和HRCT扫描。分析其影像学征象和表现,并进行统计分析。结果斑点结节影88例占76．5％;斑片影85例占73．9％;条索状影32例占27．8％;钙化24例占20．9％;空洞33例占28．7％;胸膜增厚、粘连62例占53．9％;纵隔和肺门见淋巴结31例占27．0％;纵隔和肺门见钙化33例占28．7％。结论典型的活动性肺结核CT表现有其特点,在CT上观察到多叶、段分布的斑点结节和斑片影,强烈提示活动性肺结核的诊断;同时出现胸膜反应、钙化、纤维化或纵隔内淋巴结和钙化的征象,进一步支持肺结核的诊断。     

糖尿病并肺结核患者的胸部CT表现分析

目的对糖尿病合并肺结核患者展开CT扫描检查,观察并分析其CT表现。方法将46例于2015年4月—2017年5月来该院影像科接受检查的糖尿病并肺结核患者作为观察组,另选取同期46例单纯肺结核患者作为对照组。对两组患者展开CT检查,对比并分析其结核病变部位及CT表现等情况。结果观察组中,患者出现病灶的肺段共有95个,其中常见部位及少见部位的肺段分别有58个(占61.1%)与37个(占38.9%);对照组中,患者出现病灶的肺段共有70个,常见部位及少见部位的肺段分别有43个(占61.4%)与27个(占38.6%),两组数据差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。在CT征象表现方面,观察组患者空洞形成及干酪样病变发生率明显高于对照组,数据差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论糖尿病合并肺结核患者的病灶多发生在常见部位,其胸部CT表现相比于单纯肺结核患者更为多样性,且呈不典型。     

艾滋病合并结核病的临床分析

目的　探讨艾滋病合并结核病的临床特点。方法 对1998年至2002年11例艾滋病合并结核病进行临床分析。结果 (1)艾滋病感染途径:输血感染者8例,其他途径各1例。(2)合并肺结核病6例,其中继发性肺结核3例,原发性肺结核1例,血行播散性肺结核2例;合并肺外结核5例,其中结核性心包积液、结核性脑膜炎各2例,胸腔积液1例;合并多重感染者5例。(3)11例1:2000PPD试验均为阴性。(4)治疗:7例抗病毒与抗结核联合治疗,临床表现明显改善;3例仅抗结核治疗者中1例有效、2例死亡;1例未经任何治疗,6月死亡。结论 艾滋病合并结核病临床表现多样,血行播散性肺结核多,肺外结核多,多重感染多见,抗病毒与抗结核联合治疗有效。     

166例住院复治涂阳肺结核社会经济学状况调查

目的了解住院复治涂阳肺结核患者的社会经济学状况,为防止慢性传染源产生,促进结核病控制规划实施提供参考意见。方法对2006年1—9月间收治入院的复治涂阳肺结核患者做问卷调查分析。结果(1)无收入或低收入者占79.5%(132/166);(2)自费治疗者占79.5%(132/166);;(3)60.2%(100/166)患者觉得就医不便;(4)疗程中未见到医生来访者占85.5%(142/166);(5)有中断用药史者占43.9%(73/166),用药时间不足1个疗程者占25.9%(43/166),停药时间在2周以上者占80.8%(59/73);(6)27.1%(45/166)患者未接受过任何结核病健康知识教育;(7)耐药检测结果:耐H者占69.6%(80/115),耐R者占61.7%(71/115),同时耐HR者占47.8%(55/115)。结论应重视涂阳肺结核患者的治疗、管理工作,提高管理质量,加强对菌阳患者的耐药监测。     

Newly diagnosed tuberculosis in inner-city Chicago: the pulmonary fellow perspective

BACKGROUND: The extent to which pulmonary fellows encounter patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis during their 3-year training program in large metropolitan areas in the USA where active tuberculosis is still relatively common is uncertain. OBJECTIVES: To characterize clinical encounters of pulmonary fellows with patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis at a large university-based training program in inner-city Chicago over a 3-year period. METHODS: A retrospective review of medical records of patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis at the University of Illinois Medical Center at Chicago outpatient clinics (UMC) and the City of Chicago Department of Public Health Uptown Neighborhood Health Center Tuberculosis Clinic (CDPH) between 1999 and 2001 was conducted. A pulmonary fellow encounter rate (PFER) was derived as the average number of patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis seen by a pulmonary fellow per month over the 3-year study period in each institution. RESULTS: We found that 9 pulmonary fellows diagnosed, treated and followed all 80 patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis seen at CDPH over the 3-year study period. By contrast, they evaluated only 14 patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis and followed 2 of them regularly at UMC (p < 0.05). PFER was 2.96 at CDPH and 0.52 at UMC (p < 0.05). Adverse events ascribed to anti-tuberculosis drugs were observed more frequently in patients seen by pulmonary fellows at CDPH than at UMC (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary fellows are more likely to encounter patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis at a designated tuberculosis clinic than at a university hospital in inner-city Chicago during their 3-year training.     

Tuberculosis in HIV-infected subjects in Italy: a multicentre study. The Gruppo Italiano di Studio Tubercolosi e AIDS.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the strength of the association between tuberculosis and HIV infection in Italy, to assess the pattern of this association in relation to HIV transmission categories, and to describe clinical presentation of tuberculosis in a large group of Italian HIV-infected subjects. DESIGN: Multicentre review of clinical records. SETTING: Twenty-one infectious disease hospital units in nine of the 20 administrative regions of Italy. PATIENTS, PARTICIPANTS: All HIV-infected adults observed by each participating unit (in- and outpatients) between 1985 and 1989. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Culture-proven tuberculosis. RESULTS: A total of 306 cases of tuberculosis were observed. Of these, 85 were pulmonary, 167 extrapulmonary, and 54 both pulmonary and extrapulmonary. The proportion of HIV-infected subjects diagnosed with tuberculosis increased during the study period from three out of 1380 (0.2%) in 1985 to 152 out of 6504 subjects (2.3%) in 1989 (P less than 0.0001). Two hundred and twenty-six of the 2760 (8.19%) patients with AIDS had tuberculosis within 12 months of AIDS diagnosis; the proportion of AIDS patients with tuberculosis remained stable after 1985. Compared with AIDS patients who were intravenous drug users, only homosexual AIDS patients had a significantly lower proportion of tuberculosis (178 out of 1958 versus 30 out of 522; P less than 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that tuberculosis is quite common among HIV-infected subjects in Italy, and suggest that the risk of tuberculosis in these subjects has not changed. There are some differences between the pattern of the association between tuberculosis and HIV infection in Italy, compared with other industrialized countries.     

小儿AIDS合并肺部感染的临床和影像学分析

目的 探讨小儿艾滋病(AIDS)合并肺部感染的临床特点和影像表现。方法 收集援博茨瓦纳医疗队临床确证的小儿常见肺部感染67例，对其临床资料和影像表现进行综合分析。结果 小儿AIDS合并肺部感染最常见的类型为淋巴细胞间质性肺炎(LIP，34例)、卡氏肺囊虫肺炎(PCP，15例)、重症肺炎(13例)和肺结核(PTB，5例)，临床表现以咳嗽、发热和气促最为多见。(1)LIP最为常见，病变以慢性间质性变化为主；(2)PCP发病急，进展快，典型影像表现为双肺门周围弥漫磨玻璃样浸润或网织结节状影；(3)重症肺炎常表现为双侧散在斑片状实变，一般经过2周积极治疗可明显吸收好转，但易复发；(4)反复发作的呼吸道感染难以治愈，应考虑小儿AIDS合并PTB的可能，胸片可表现为肺内实变、粟粒结节、空洞、气胸和肺门淋巴结肿大等。结论 小儿AIDS易反复合并肺部机会性感染，临床症状和影像学表现具有一定的特点。提高对小儿AIDS的认识是早期诊断、及时治疗和提高患儿生存率及生活质量的关键。     

AIDS合并结核病患者HIV RNA定量和CD4+T淋巴细胞计数特点分析

目的 总结AIDS合并结核病的临床特点,进一步提高对AIDS合并结核病的认识.方法 将AIDS合并结核病患者分为肺内结核组、肺内结核并肺外结核组和肺外结核组,比较和分析3组之间HIV RNA定量、CD4+T淋巴细胞计数的差异.结果 肺内结核组的HIV RNA定量明显低于肺内并肺外结核组和肺外结核组(P均＜0.05).肺内结核组的CD4+T淋巴细胞计数明显高于肺内并肺外结核组和肺外结核组(P均＜ 0.05).结论 患者的HIV RNA载量越高、CD4+T淋巴细胞计数越低,免疫功能越差,越易发生肺外结核和肺内并肺外结核,越易导致结核分枝杆菌播散性传播.     

Tuberculosis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Clinical features, response to therapy, and survival

Tuberculosis has been reported previously in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who are at increased risk of prior infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We performed a population-based study of AIDS and tuberculosis in San Francisco using the Tuberculosis and AIDS Registries of the San Francisco Department of Public Health. Of 287 cases of tuberculosis in non-Asian-born males 15 to 60 yr of age reported from 1981 through 1985, 35 (12%) also had AIDS, including 23 American-born whites. Patients with tuberculosis and AIDS were more likely to be nonwhite and heterosexual intravenous drug users than were AIDS patients without tuberculosis. Fifty-one percent had tuberculosis diagnosed before AIDS, and 37 percent had AIDS diagnosed at least 1 month prior to the diagnosis of tuberculosis. Although the lungs were the most frequent site of tuberculosis in both AIDS and non-AIDS patients, 60% of the AIDS group had at least 1 extrapulmonary site of disease compared to 28% of the non-AIDS group (p less than 0.001). Nonsignificant tuberculin skin tests were more common in AIDS patients (14 of 23 patients tested) than in non-AIDS patients (12 of 129 patients tested; p less than 0.0001). Chest radiographs in AIDS patients showed predominantly diffuse or miliary infiltrates (60%), whereas non-AIDS patients had predominantly focal infiltrates and/or cavitation (68%). Response to antituberculosis therapy was favorable in AIDS patients, although adverse drug reactions occurred more frequently than in non-AIDS patients (p less than 0.02).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

The chest roentgenogram in pulmonary tuberculosis patients seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus type 1

To determine the impact that co-infection with HIV has on the radiographic presentation of pulmonary tuberculosis, we examined the chest roentgenograms obtained before treatment in 225 HIV-tested adult Haitians with bacillary (smear or culture or both) positive pulmonary tuberculosis. There were 67 HIV-seropositive and 158 HIV-seronegative patients. Intrathoracic adenopathy alone was more common and parenchymal infiltrates less common in HIV-seropositive patients (p less than 0.05). Although a parenchymal infiltrate was less likely to be cavitating in the HIV-seropositive group (p less than 0.05) when cavitary parenchymal disease was present, HIV seropositivity did not affect the number of cavities (single or multiple) or the size of the largest cavity. Patients with AIDS were significantly more likely to have a chest radiographic pattern consistent with primary tuberculosis (80 percent) than HIV-seropositive patients without AIDS (30 percent), and the latter were significantly more likely to have such a pattern than HIV-seronegative patients (11 percent) (p less than 0.05). The HIV-seropositive patients were equally infectious, regardless of the pattern of disease (primary vs postprimary). Even though pulmonary tuberculosis in an HIV-seropositive adult probably results from reactivation of dormant foci or reinfection, the pattern on the chest roentgenogram often suggests primary disease, especially if the patient has AIDS.     

艾滋病合并结核病与单纯性结核病的临床特点分析

目的提高对HIV（＋）／AIDS并发肺结核临床表现的认识。方法选取2007年以来我院收治的HIV（＋）／AIDS并发肺结核的病例共90例为观察组（A组）,及同期住院的HIV（-）的单纯肺结核病例90例为对照组（B组）进行回顾性对照分析。结果A组发烧和体重下降较B组更常见,而咳嗽和咯血较B组少见;A组痰抗酸杆菌阳性率显著低于B组;A组结核分枝杆菌培养阳性率显著低于B组;肺结核的x线表现为弥漫性浸润或粟粒性阴影及合并空洞率,A组和B组无显著性差异,而A组影像学胸腔积液显著高于B组;A组合并肺外结核较B组多见,其中以淋巴结核,结核性胸膜炎、脑膜炎,肠结核多见;PPD结核菌素反应阳性率A组显著低于B组。结论HIV（＋）／AIDS患者并发肺结核临床表现不典型。