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1.
不同宿主在湖区日本血吸虫病传播中的作用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
1989-1990年,在汉阳县军山镇黄石、川江、小军3个实验点调查。结果表明,居民粪检阳性率分别为55.1%、49.5%、44.3%;EPG分别为5.6、5.2、2.0;其相对传播指数(RTI)为7.11;各年龄组污染指数(IPC)以30-39岁年龄组最高(79.1),相对IPC也以30-39岁年龄组最高,20-49岁相对IPC为67.2%,为人群主要传染源年龄组。动物宿主牛、猪、犬感染率分别为35.7%、60.0%、75.0%;MPG分别为0.4、0.4、80.4;RTI分别为38.6%、7.7%、46.6%。黄石点猪、犬的感染率较高,川江点牛的感染率较高。此次调查证明犬作为动物宿主具有重要的流行病学意义,并表明在有螺河滩,水牛、牲猪放养,可造成严重感染。  相似文献   

2.
我国包虫病流行现况   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
至1992年,据不完全统计近40年我国140家医院的囊型包虫病手术患者,总计达27716例。地理分布较广泛,主要见于西部和北部的新疆、甘肃、青海、宁夏、陕西、四川、西藏和内蒙古等8省区,另有12省为散在分布或仅见个案报告。根据6省流行区26个组人群囊型包虫病的普查,IHA和ELISA阳性率分别为0.46%~11.7%和1.2%~32.4%,感染程度随地区的不同而异;B型超声检出囊虫百分率为0.61%~5.0%,患病率为0.15%~5.0%。泡型包虫病地理分布较为局限,见于新、甘、青、宁、川、西藏、内蒙古和黑龙江等8省区,至今报告的病人数达500例。据甘肃省漳县二组泡型包虫病的人群普查,患病率高达2.4%~5.0%。细粒棘球绦虫的中间宿主包括多种家畜以及野生岩羊、藏原羚和高原鼠兔等野生动物,其中感染率以绵羊(1.6%~81.3%)和牦牛(15%~74.5%)为最高。终宿主动物以狗的感染率为高(2.93%~47.0%)。多房棘球绦虫的中间宿主已发现达乌黑黄鼠、中华鼢鼠、布氏田鼠、长爪沙鼠、小家鼠、赤颊黄鼠和高原鼠兔等7种啮齿动物。终宿主感染率家犬为10.3%,野犬9.1%~14.4%,红(赤)狐15.0%~  相似文献   

3.
为了解起搏阈值、起搏阻抗和感知阈值的变化,对42根心房电极和49根心室电极进行了随访。结果显示:心房电极慢性期起搏阈值为1.17±0.35V/0.5ms,出现波动者6例(27.3%),心室电极为1.27±0.38V/0.5ms,出现波动者7例(30.4%);19根电极的起搏阻抗在急性期均有波动,慢性期为585.6±150Ω,慢性期出现波动者2例(10.5%);11根心房电极慢性期感知阈值(P波振幅)与植入时相一致。  相似文献   

4.
山西省首次人体寄生虫分布情况的调查   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
1987-1992年,我省进行人体寄生虫分布调查,共查见寄生虫34种,分布于40个县(市、区)。其中肠道寄生虫在抽样调查的26个县中均有分布,查见虫种27种,总感染率为41.0%;感染率最高的县为67.6%;虫种以蛔虫感染率最高,为25.9%;年龄组以5-9岁组人群的感染率最高,为59.6%;男、女人群寄生虫感染率间差别无显著意义;职业以学生感染率为高,为51.1%;经济状况较差的县和地区,其人群寄生虫感染率为高,分别为45.8%和48.7%,经济状况较好的县和地区感染率为低,分别为38.5%、28.6%。非肠道寄生虫查出7种,分布在18个县(市、区)。  相似文献   

5.
石家庄地区城乡老年人久病卧床的调查   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
目的久病卧床是老年人慢性病和伤残后的严重后果,本研究拟通过社区调查了解石家庄市老年人久病卧床患病率。方法于1993~1994年应用家访问卷方法调查了石家庄市城乡60岁及以上老年人35545人和45~59岁老年前期者41355人。结果老年人患病率1.2%,老年前期者0.6%;城市1.0%,农村0.4%,城市老年女性最高(2.3%)。久病卧床3年以上者58.1%。病因以脑卒中最多,达55.1%;卧床患者社会交往都有一定程度受限,96.6%有专人陪护。结论对老年人久病卧床应加以重视,加强防治  相似文献   

6.
广东省第二次人体寄生虫分布调查   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
按全国人体寄生虫分布调查方法,1997年在广东省8个县进行第二次人体肠道寄生虫分布调查。共查8217人,总感染率为48.11%;男、女感染率分别为48.78%和47.48%。总感染率学龄前儿童最高为52.56%,其次为中小学生50.87%。这次调查共查出38种人体寄生虫,包括线虫12种、吸虫8种、绦虫4种、原虫13种和棘头虫1种,其中比翼线虫、念珠棘头虫和巨片吸虫为我省首次报道。感染1、2、3、4、5和6种虫者分别占感染人数的57.58%、28.53%、10.40%、2.71%、0.63%和0.10%。人群中蛲虫、蛔虫、鞭虫和钩虫的感染率较高,分别为19.46%、19.20%、18.24%和6.56%。华支睾吸虫感染率为4.08%,感染率最高的年龄组是30~岁组,为9.06%;感染率最高的职业是干部,为16.15%,农民次之,为7.38%。  相似文献   

7.
本文对38名4~7岁儿童的摄入氟量进行了的调查,结果显示:氟斑牙患病率13.8%的地区儿童摄入氟总量(饮水、食物、空气)上限值为21.12μg/日/kg体重;氟斑牙患病率为30.6%的地区儿童摄氟总量上限值为44.95μg/日/kg体重。根据原中央地办划分病区氟斑牙患病率标准上限值(30%),作者建议儿童日摄入氟允许值不应超过45μg/kg体重。  相似文献   

8.
北京地区20682人群糖尿病筛查及1566人OGTT的研究   总被引:56,自引:2,他引:54  
为积极开展对糖尿病的防治,我们在1994年北京地区年龄≥25岁、城市农村各半的20682人群进行标准馒头餐试验,以馒头餐后2小时血糖≥6.7mmol/L者1566人施以OGTT、胰岛素、血脂、尿白蛋白及血压(BP)、ECG检查。结果表明:北京地区糖尿病(DM)患病率为3.44%,比1980年增高4.8倍,糖耐量减低(IGT)患病率为3.26%,北京近郊和远郊农村DM和IGT患病率都明显高于城区(P<0.001)。BMI≥25和BP>18.7/12.0kPa(140/90mmHg)者DM和IGT的患病率明显高于BMI<25和BP≤18.7/12.0kPa者,患病率随年龄增加呈等倍级数递增。本次调查而诊断的DM组中,已并发冠心病者占26.96%,并发早期糖尿病肾病者占32.8%。  相似文献   

9.
按全国人体寄生虫分布调查实施细则的要求,于1989年对该市4个调查点的2085人进行了人体寄生虫感染情况的调查,其总感染率为47.2%。查见11种虫种,其中蠕虫3种,原虫8种,各种寄生虫感染率分别为蛔虫40.7%,蛲虫(12岁以下儿童)13%,鞭虫1.8%,溶组织内阿米巴0.05%,结肠内阿米巴1.7%,布氏嗜碘阿米巴0.2%,微小内蜒阿米巴5.4%,哈氏内阿米巴0.1%,贾第虫4.2%,人芽囊原虫0.6%,人毛滴虫0.05%。男、女人群寄生虫感染率分别为45.8%和48.5%(χ2=1.5239,P>0.05)。感染1、2、3、4和5种寄生虫者分别占76.8%、19.8%、2.5%、0.7%和0.1%。5-19岁年龄组感染率最高,尤以学生感染为重(χ2=84.4763,P<0.005)。该调查表明,应开展肠道寄生虫病的防治工作,特别应加强对儿童和青少年的宣传教育,提高其自我保健意识,以预防感染寄生虫。  相似文献   

10.
关于某些风湿性疾病在中国流行情况的调查   总被引:43,自引:1,他引:43  
调查了北京郊区农村4192名和汕头澄海农村5057名成人。对被调查者都进行调查提问,之后对回答某些提问阳性并有风湿性症状者作进一步检查,包括体格检查、查血类风湿因子、抗核抗体、照手或骶髂关节相等。结果示肯定的类风湿关节炎患病率北方为0.34%,南方为0.32%。强直性脊柱炎两地皆为0.26%。系统性红斑狼疮北方只发现3例,南方1例,因被调查人数尚不够多,不足以计算患病率。一般风湿性痛症状北方多见,腰痛北方较南方高5倍(男性25.O%比5.3%,女性38.0%比6.5%);膝痛北方较南方高10倍(男性12.4%比1.8%,女性36.o%比3.4%)。此差异在55~64岁年龄组最为显著,研究两地差异的原因(包括环境因素)很有必要。  相似文献   

11.
辽宁省支气管哮喘流行病学调查   总被引:19,自引:1,他引:18  
目的 估算1999年辽宁省城市和农村人群哮喘现患病率、评估哮喘患病的危险因素、诊治现状,为哮喘人群防治提供依据。方法 以分层整群不等比随机抽样对照方法调查116276人,依据病史、体征、肺功能检查诊断哮喘患者。单因素分析用于评价哮喘的危险因素。结果 全省现患病率为1.25%,男、女比为1:1.64。儿童为0.48%,成人为1.39%。起病高峰期为0-14岁,38.6%哮喘患者在此期起病,农民、养殖业和干部患病率高。农村(1.89%)患病率高于城市(0.81%),沈阳地区(1.66%)高于大连(0.88%)和锦州地区(0.71%)。24.7%的哮喘患者有家族史,20.4%有过敏史,过敏性鼻炎OR值为6.28。26.0%有吸烟史,燃油者OR值为5.94。感冒、接触冷空气、吸入刺激性气体、接触油烟为前4位诱因,24.4%的哮喘患者合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)。哮喘患者中由本次调查首次确诊者为57.5%,曾应用吸入糖皮质激素者为6.4%,曾口服茶碱者为44.7%。结论 本次调查基本反映了辽宁省哮喘的流行情况,以此估算全省哮喘患者约52.97万例,有关调查资料为其群防群治提供了依据。  相似文献   

12.
北京地区职业人群支气管哮喘及其相关病症的患病率调查   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Lin Y  Wang C  Lin J  Li J  Gao J  Kui R  Huang K  Mi Y  Bai Y 《中华结核和呼吸杂志》2002,25(11):650-654
目的 探讨环境因素与支气管哮喘 (简称哮喘 )患病率的关系。方法  1997年~ 2 0 0 0年在北京地区进行多中心 ,以统一设计的表格、步骤 ,不等比分层、随机、整群抽样、问卷及必要的检查进行职业人群哮喘及其相关疾病患病率的流行病学调查。结果  10个不同行业 ,5 0 5 5 8个样本的职业人群哮喘患病率流行病学调查显示 ,确诊哮喘患者 63 0例 ,患病率为 1 2 5 % ,而市区商贸职工、普通化工厂职工、北京郊区某大型石化公司职工的哮喘患病率依次为 0 5 1%、1 0 6%、2 81%。普通化工厂和石化职工的哮喘患病率明显高于远郊区农民 (0 43 % ,P <0 0 1)。以远郊区农村哮喘相对危险度(RR)为“1”进行分析显示 ,城市一般职工、普通工厂职工、石化公司职工 ,中、小学生哮喘患病率的RR分别为 1 88、2 79、5 19和 3 0 5 ,5 0 %可信区间均表明 ,其哮喘RR有统计学意义。结论 北京地区哮喘患病率与职业环境有关 ,提示环境污染可能是哮喘患病率增高的重要因素  相似文献   

13.
In sensitized subjects with allergic rhinitis (AR) or asthma, allergen exposure provokes symptoms. Among non-asthmatics with AR, an association between allergen sensitization, pollen season and lower airway inflammation has been demonstrated. Our aims were to compare AR and asthma with regard to patterns of allergen sensitization, the degree of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and levels of exhaled nitric oxide (ENO). Finally, we wanted to relate our findings to previous or current exposure to household pets. Four hundred and thirty-one adolescents with different clinical phenotypes were randomly selected from a large-scale epidemiological survey. They were investigated with allergy screening, measurements of ENO and a methacholine bronchoprovocation test. Sensitization to pet allergens (cat, dog and horse) was associated with increased AHR and ENO both in asthmatics and non-asthmatics with AR. The risk of being sensitized to cat allergens was significantly reduced in those who had kept cats vs. those who had never kept them. Keeping dogs or horses did not influence the risk of being sensitized to the respective allergens. Only in steroid-naive, non-smoking asthmatics, a trend towards increased ENO in those sensitized and exposed to cat or dog allergens was seen. Although sensitization towards pet allergens was associated with inflammation in the lower airways irrespective of clinical phenotype, keeping pets did not increase the risk of being sensitized to pet allergens.  相似文献   

14.
The prevalence of asthma increased worldwide until the 1990s, but since then there has been no clear temporal pattern. The present study aimed to assess time trends in the prevalence of current asthma, asthma-like symptoms and allergic rhinitis in Italian adults from 1990 to 2010. The same screening questionnaire was administered by mail or phone to random samples of the general population (age 20-44 yrs) in Italy, in the frame of three multicentre studies: the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) (1991-1993; n = 6,031); the Italian Study on Asthma in Young Adults (ISAYA) (1998-2000; n = 18,873); and the Gene Environment Interactions in Respiratory Diseases (GEIRD) study (2007-2010; n = 10,494). Time trends in prevalence were estimated using Poisson regression models in the centres that repeated the survey at different points in time. From 1991 to 2010, the median prevalence of current asthma, wheezing and allergic rhinitis increased from 4.1% to 6.6%, from 10.1% to 13.9% and from 16.8% to 25.8%, respectively. The prevalence of current asthma was stable during the 1990s and increased (relative risk 1.38, 95% CI 1.19-1.59) from 1998-2000 to 2007-2010, mainly in subjects who did not report allergic rhinitis. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis has increased continuously since 1991. The asthma epidemic is not over in Italy. During the past 20 yrs, asthma prevalence has increased by 38%, in parallel with a similar increase in asthma-like symptoms and allergic rhinitis.  相似文献   

15.
BACKGROUND: Striking increases in the prevalence and morbidity of asthma among inner city children have been documented. OBJECTIVE: To establish and evaluate a large-scale, school-based case-detection process designed to efficiently and reliably identify inner city children with asthma. METHODS: A bilingual, seven-question, self-administered, parental asthma screening survey was developed. Clinical validation was achieved in a sample of 675 consecutive parents bringing a child to the school-based Breathmobile Program for initial evaluation, using a comprehensive evaluation by a physician specialist (ie, allergist) as the standard. Survey response patterns were used to construct a novel seven-model, tiered scoring algorithm and an abbreviated algorithm that predict the probability of a child being clinically classified as "yes asthma" or "no asthma." A systematic survey distribution process administered by a single coordinator was developed, and the impact of a classroom-oriented incentive offering a 25 dollars school supply gift certificate for survey return rates of >or= 80% was evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 636 parents provided one or more survey responses and information sufficient for clinical classification. The scoring algorithm correctly identified children with asthma (>or= 80% probability) with a sensitivity of 86.5%, a specificity of 83.6%, and a misclassification rate of 14.3% (91 of 636 children). The sensitivity for identifying persistent asthma was 91.3%. Asthma prevalence estimates derived using survey results from a larger sampling of the general population were similar to rates previously reported for comparable populations. The inclusion of an inexpensive incentive increased the median survey return rates from 35.3 to 65% (z= -11.9; p <.001). The screening process has been used to conduct 27,526 surveys at inner city schools. CONCLUSIONS: The Breathmobile case-detection process offers a validated, comprehensive, large-scale method with which to identify children with asthma at their school sites.  相似文献   

16.
目的了解支气管哮喘患者人群中慢性肾脏病流行病学现状,探讨支气管哮喘与慢性肾脏病关系。方法选择2006年1月至2010年1月在郑州大学第二附属医院呼吸科门诊或住院部确诊且≥14岁的支气管哮喘患者为研究对象,对其进行问卷调查、体格检查和肾脏损伤及相关危险因素检测。根据相关疾病诊断标准对资料进行分析。结果郑州市14岁以上支气管哮喘患者人群蛋白尿、血尿和eGFR下降患病率为别为9.41%、10.37%和3.03%,均高于普通人群;CKD患病率高达17.38%,在哮喘分期中急性发作期CKD患病率为24.42%,显著高于慢性持续期和临床缓解期(χ2=12.445,P=0.002)。进一步分析显示支气管哮喘病史>10年、发作频率>1次/d和ACT评分<20分的患者白蛋白尿和慢性肾脏病的患病率显著高于其他组患者(P<0.001)。结论支气管哮喘人群具有较高的肾脏损伤发生率,患者病程、发作频率及控制水平与慢性肾脏病的发生相关。  相似文献   

17.
Irritable bowel syndrome in young and elderly patients with stable asthma   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
BACKGROUND: It has been speculated that asthma and irritable bowel syndrome may share common pathophysiological processes. AIM: To estimate the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in young and elderly patients with stable asthma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty-five young (age < 60 years) and 66 elderly (age > or = 60 years) stable asthmatics, and 119 age-matched healthy volunteers were enrolled. In all participants, presence of irritable bowel syndrome, quality of life and psychological status were evaluated. RESULTS: The prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in asthmatic group was higher than that in the control group (27.5% versus 16.8%; odds ratio, 1.8 [1.0-3.4]; p=0.04). The prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome was significantly higher in young asthmatics than in age-matched healthy controls (36.9% versus 20.3%; odds ratio, 2.2 [1.0-5.1]; p=0.04) and than in elderly asthmatics (36.9% versus 18.2%; odds ratio, 0.3 [0.1-0.8]; p=0.01). Logistic regression analysis identified the younger age (odds ratio, 2.1 [1.1-3.8]; p=0.01), and the presence of asthma (odds ratio, 1.9 [1.0-3.5]; p=0.03) as independent risk factors for irritable bowel syndrome in all participants after adjusting for gender. We also found impaired quality of life to be associated with the presence of irritable bowel syndrome and asthma in all participants after adjusting for age and gender. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome appears to be significantly higher in young asthmatics, but not in elderly asthmatics, compared to age-matched healthy counterparts. Potential pathogenic mechanisms of higher irritable bowel syndrome prevalence in young asthmatics need to be explained by further studies.  相似文献   

18.
Background: Smoking and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke are inadvisable for adults with asthma.
Aims: To determine the smoking prevalence and daily smoking rate of asthmatics and compare smoking-related beliefs and behaviours among smokers with and without asthma. To compare beliefs of asthmatics about passive smoking and asthma, how many are exposed at home and what they do when they are exposed, with people who do not have asthma.
Methods: A representative population survey of 3019 South Australian adults aged 15 years and older interviewed in their own homes in late 11992.
Results: Twenty-eight per cent of asthmatics were smokers; mean daily smoking rate was 17.6. Asthmatics had similar patterns of smoking, readiness to quit and quit attempt histories as people without asthma. More than 40% of smokers with asthma did not perceive that smoking had greatly affected their health, over half did not believe they were at risk in future and two-thirds did not think future health problems would be serious. Among non-smokers, despite being more convinced of the effects of passive smoking on asthma, and being more concerned about exposure, those with asthma were no more likely to take protective action in response to actual or imminent exposure than those without asthma. One in ten non-smokers with asthma were exposed to smoking at home.
Conclusions: The smoking habits of adults with asthma are cause for concern, with many asthmatic smokers perceiving they are not personally at risk from their smoking. Health education principles should be used by health professionals caring for asthmatic smokers to guide the selection and delivery of smoking cessation strategies. Prevailing restrictions on indoor smoking play an important role in protecting the respiratory health of non-smokers with asthma.  相似文献   

19.
Objectives: We evaluated the relationship between asthma and falls in Koreans using data from a large population-based cross-sectional survey. Methods: Data were obtained from 228,642 participants, of whom 6,372 had asthma, who participated in the 2013 Korean Community Health Survey. We explored the risk of falls after adjusting for sociodemographic factors and comorbidities. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for falls in asthmatics. Patients with asthma who had been diagnosed by a physician were included after excluding those who did not respond to the self-reported questionnaire. Results: In all, 1,733/6,372 (27.1%) asthma patients and 258/788 (32.7%) patients with uncontrolled asthma (who had visited the emergency room because of asthma exacerbation in the prior 12 months) reported histories of falls. In asthmatics, the crude odds ratio (OR) for falls was 1.57 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.48–1.67); the OR for falls in the group with uncontrolled asthma was 2.13 (95% CI: 1.83–2.47). The multivariate OR for falls in the asthma group (compared to the non-asthma group) was 1.27 (95% CI, 1.18–1.35) and the OR for falls in the uncontrolled asthma group (again compared to the non-asthma group) was 1.55 (95% CI, 1.32–1.82). Subgroup analysis of the adjusted ORs for falls in asthmatics by age group revealed a significant difference between the presence of asthma and uncontrolled asthma, and falls, in each age group, similar to the relationship evident in the total adult population. Conclusion: Asthma is associated with falls, even after adjusting for sociodemographic and comorbid variables.  相似文献   

20.
BackgroundInfluenza infection is known to be an exacerbating factor in the control of asthma, therfore its prevention is critical in managing asthma. The aim of this study was to investigate the influenza A H1N1 2009 pandemic virus (H1N1 pdm09) infection in adult asthmatic patients.MethodsData were obtained from a questionnaire-based survey of asthmatic patients conducted from September to October 2010 in Niigata Prefecture. Patient background, H1N1 pdm09 infection, vaccination status, and asthma exacerbation due to influenza infection were analyzed.ResultsIn total, 2,555 cases were analyzed. The incidence of the infection was 6.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.7-7.6), and the rate of vaccination was 63.9% (95% CI: 62.1-65.8). The odds ratio (OR) for vaccination against the infection among adult patients and younger patients (≤ the median age) were 0.61 (95% CI: 0.45-0.84) and 0.62 (95% CI: 0.42-0.90), respectively. However, OR among the older patient (> median age) were 1.38 (95%CI: 0.66-2.89). The rate of infection-induced asthma exacerbation was 23.2% (95% CI: 18.6-29.6), and the OR for vaccination against the infection-induced asthma exacerbation was 1.42 (95% CI: 0.69-2.92).ConclusionsThe effectiveness of the vaccination against the H1N1 pdm09 virus was confirmed during the first pandemic season, but it was limited. Further investigation on H1N1 pdm09 virus infection in asthmatics will be required.  相似文献   

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