庆阳市空巢老人生活质量与心理健康相关性

目的探讨庆阳市空巢老人生活质量与心理健康之间的关系。方法应用症状自评量表(SCL-90)和生活质量综合评定问卷对庆阳市413名空巢老人进行调查。结果 1庆阳市空巢老人9个SCL-90因子评分明显高于中国常模(P0.05)。2空巢老人生活质量的各因子得分均不高。3SCL-90的各因子分在人口统计学变量上存有显著差异。4空巢老人生活质量与心理健康具有相关性,生活质量能有效负向预测其心理健康状况。结论庆阳市空巢老人身体健康状况、生活质量状况均欠佳,亟待提高,可以通过改善生活质量提高空巢老人的身体健康水平。     

城市空巢老人心理健康状况的调查

目的 探讨城市空巢老人的心理健康状况.方法 采用自编的老年人心理健康状况测查问卷测查了1 646位老人,其中空巢老人1 250人.结果 城市空巢老人排行前五位的心理健康问题为认知问题、睡眠食欲、敏感焦虑、人际交往和适应问题.不同家庭结构类型的城市空巢老人、普通老人之间的心理健康状况差异显著,相对空巢老人的心理健康状况最好,其次是普通老人,第三为绝对空巢老人,无子女老人的心理健康状况最差.女性空巢老人的心理健康状况显著差于男性.空巢老人的心理健康状况年龄组间差异显著.随着收入的降低,空巢老人的心理健康状况降低.受教育程度越高,空巢老人心理健康状况越好.有配偶相伴的老人的心理健康状况显著好于单身老人.结论 不同家庭结构的城市空巢老人的心理健康状况存在显著差异,老人的人口统计学特征、经济状况等因素影响城市空巢老人的心理健康状况.     

安阳市空巢老人的孤独、抑郁状况与社会支持的相关研究

目的 了解空巢老人的孤独、抑郁状况与社会支持的关系,为有效地社会支持,改变其孤独、抑郁状况提供依据.方法 以UCLA孤独量表、Carroll抑郁量表和社会支持评定量表为工具,对安阳市91名空巢老人进行调查.结果 空巢老人的孤独感和抑郁状况在性别方面差异不显著(P＞0.05),在不同文化程度、不同年龄、是否丧偶比较差异显著(P＜0.05),空巢老人的孤独感与抑郁程度显著的正相关(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),空巢老人的孤独感和抑郁程度与社会支持度显著负相关(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 儿女们应常回家看看,建立健全社会支持系统,改变空巢老人的认知观念,可以改变空巢老人的孤独、抑郁状况,促进其身心健康.     

徐州市区空巢老人心理健康状况及其相关因素

目的 研究徐州市区空巢老人心理健康状况及相关因素.方法　采取随机整群抽样方法　抽取徐州市4个社区为研究地区,采用自编一般调查问卷、精神症状自评量表(SCL-90)进行测查.结果 空巢老人躯体化因子、恐怖因子劣于常模(P<0.01);男性心理健康水平优于女性(P<0.05);与老伴关系、收入、与子女关系、躯体健康均与心理健康状况相关.结论 徐州市区空巢老人心理健康水平较低,老年女性更应得到关注,心理健康状况受多因素影响.     

北京市高校离退休老人心理健康状况及其相关因素

目的 研究北京市高校离退休老人心理健康状况及其主要相关因素.方法 以"老年心理健康量表(城市版)"为研究工具,对304名北京市高校离退休老人进行调查.结果 北京市高校离退休老人整体心理健康水平显著高于全国水平,尤其在高龄阶段,这种趋势更加明显;心理健康总体状况在年龄、性别、文化程度、婚姻和家庭结构上的差异均不显著;相对空巢组的适应能力好于非空巢组;子女关系、健康、身体锻炼以及经济收入状况对高校离退休老人的心理健康具有显著的正向预测作用.结论 高文化程度对于高校离退休老人的心理健康有一定的保护作用;相对空巢的家庭结构可能更加适合该群体;良好的子女关系、健康、身体锻炼以及经济收入状况是促进高校离退休老人心理健康的重要因素.     

天津市空巢与非空巢老人心理健康状况比较

目的 研究城市空巢与非空巢老人的心理健康状况,并分析其影响因素.方法 调查对象为天津市红桥区芥园街道5个社区中≥60岁老人,非空巢组63人,夫妻同住组71人,独居组8人.采用自制量表<城市老年人心理健康调查问卷>,进行调查.结果 夫妻同住的老人多集中在60～69岁之间,独居老人多集中在70～79岁之间,非空巢的老人在各年龄段分布较均匀.多数老人的经济状况和身体状况较优.独居老人较之其他两组老人显著的希望子女能更多地看望自己.老年人的心理健康状况与年龄、性格、文化程度、经济压力、与子女关系有显著的相关.结论 三组老人的心理健康状况均处于中上等.夫妻同住老人的心理状况最好,非空巢老人次之,独居老人较差.     

徐州市农村空巢老人心理健康状况及其相关因素

目的研究徐州市农村空巢老人的心理健康状况及其相关因素。方法整群随机抽取徐州市253位农村空巢老人进行问卷调查。结果徐州市农村空巢老人人际关系敏感因子、偏执因子均优于常模,而其余因子劣于常模,阳性项目数也多于常模;强迫症状因子、抑郁因子、精神病性因子农村均劣于城市;男性的阳性项目数、总均分均低于女性;农村空巢老人的心理健康水平受居住面积情况、经济状况、睡眠质量、与子女关系、子女探望频率等因素的影响。结论徐州农村空巢老人心理健康水平低于中国平均水平,因此农村空巢老人的心理健康问题不容忽视,尤其是空巢老年女性。     

城市空巢老人心理健康状况的影响因素

目的探讨城市空巢老人心理健康状况的影响因素。方法采用方便取样的方法对浙江省湖州、绍兴、丽水三个城市的空巢老人进行调查,有效样本1250例。自编老年人心理压力、心理健康状况等调查问卷。结果老人的经济状况和婚姻状况影响老人的总体心理健康水平(β=-0.055、β=-0.066)。显著影响空巢老人的心理健康状况的心理压力因子是空巢老人的身体健康压力、生活服务压力、担心子女压力(β=0.059～0.188)。对空巢老人的心理健康状况构成显著影响的应对方式因子是空巢老人的解决问题(β=-0.167)、自责、压抑、幻想、退避(β=0.052～0.258)。社会支持因子中情感支持、子女支持和对支持的利用度对空巢老人心理健康状况的影响显著(β=-0.058～-0.100)。结论城市空巢老人的心理健康状况受到经济状况、婚姻状况、心理压力、应对方式和社会支持的影响。     

城市空巢老人的压力应对方式和心理健康状况

目的探讨城市空巢老人的压力应对方式和心理健康状况。方法采用自编的老年人压力应对方式问卷和老年人心理健康状况测查问卷进行测查。结果城市空巢老人在面临困扰和遇到挫折时采用的压力应对方式主要有：解决问题、转移注意、合理化、退避、压抑、幻想和自责。其中，相对空巢老人的应对方式最积极，绝对空巢老人其次，无子女老人的廊对方式最消极。男性比女性更多地使用解决问题的应对方式，差异显著。随着经济收入的增加，受教育程度的提高，应对方式更趋积极。相关分析表明，城市空巢老人在承受压力时，解决问题、转移注意和求助应对方式使用越多，压抑、自责、幻想、退避和合理化应对方式使用越少，心理越健康。．结论家庭结构类型、老人的人口统计学特征、经济状况等因素影响城市空巢老人的压力应对方式，应对方式与城市空巢老人的心理健康状况有关。     

城市社区空巢老人孤独感与社会参与水平的相关性

目的探讨空巢老人孤独感与其活动和社会参与水平的相关性,为改善其孤独感、提高生活质量提供干预依据。方法采用日常生活活动社会参与量表(LIFE-H)、孤独感量表中文简化版(ULS-8)量表对318例空巢老人进行测量,同时收集这些老人的人口学资料,分析影响空巢老人孤独感的因素。结果空巢老人孤独感与其活动和社会参与程度存在负相关,多元回归分析显示,活动评分中的交流维度、社会参与评分中的职业和人际关系维度、子女数量等是空巢老人孤独感的独立影响因素(P0.05),而不同年龄和性别空巢老人虽然活动和社会参与水平存在差异,但并未发现对孤独感产生直接影响(P0.05)。结论空巢老人孤独感与其活动和社会参与水平间存在相关性,降低其孤独感可以从鼓励老人参与社会入手。     

北京城区老年人心理健康状况及其相关因素分析

目的　调查北京城区老年人心理健康状况 ,分析其主要相关因素 ,并提出相应的改善措施。方法　对象为北京城区老年人 1 0 1 0例。采用自编老年心理健康问卷作为评定工具。结果　老年人心理健康总分存在显著的性别、教育水平和职业差异 ,年龄和婚姻差异不显著 ;健康满意度、生活满意度、经济满意度、夫妻关系满意度、亲子关系满意度、患病数、重大生活事件数与心理健康总分或分量表分相关显著 ;回归分析发现 ,健康满意度和教育水平对总分有显著影响。结论　北京城区老年人心理健康保持尚好 ,促进老年人身体健康和提高其教育水平将有助于改善其心理健康状况。     

The empty nest,depressive symptoms and loneliness of older parents: Prospective findings from the German Ageing Survey

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to analyse the longitudinal association between the transition to an empty nest and depressive symptoms and loneliness, respectively.MethodLongitudinal data was used from the German Ageing Survey, a representative sample of community-dwelling adults aged 40 and over. The indication of children living outside the respondent's household was defined as an empty nest. A 6‐item version of the validated De Jong Gierveld Loneliness scale was used to assess perceived loneliness. The 15 item version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale was used to measure depressive symptoms. Fixed‐effects regression analyses adjusted for time‐varying socio‐demographic and health‐related variables were applied.ResultsThe unadjusted regression yielded that transitioning to an empty nest led to decreased loneliness in men (b =  -0.05; p < 0.05) and increased depressive symptoms in women (b =  0.48; p =  0.05). However, when controlling for potential confounders, the transition was no longer associated with a change in loneliness or depressive symptom scores.ConclusionThe empty nest is an expected phase of the family life cycle that most parents will experience. In this longitudinal study, this phase of the family life cycle was shown not to be associated with parents' psychosocial health in terms of loneliness and depressive symptoms. Our study suggests that the consequences of an empty nest have been overestimated in the past. Future longitudinal studies with panel regression models in different cultural settings are needed to confirm our findings.     

Childlessness,Psychological Well-being,and Life Satisfaction Among the Elderly in China

This paper examines the effects of childlessness on the well-being of persons aged 65 and above in China. It is based on an application of ordered-logit regression in the analysis of the data from the 2002 wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) conducted in 22 provinces of China (N = 13,447). It compares parents with the childless elderly, focusing on three dimensions of psychological well-being, namely feelings of anxiety, loneliness, and uselessness, and on life satisfaction. The findings include the following. First, with control of social demographic variables of age, gender and education, childlessness is significantly associated with life satisfaction, feeling of anxiety and loneliness, but not feeling of uselessness. The childless elderly are less satisfied with their lives and feel more anxious and lonely than do parents, but they do not necessarily feel significantly more useless. Second, when controlled with social-demographic variables and additional socioeconomic variables of residence, living arrangement, availability of pension and medical services, childlessness is no longer significantly related to anxiety and loneliness, and it is related at only a marginally-significant level to life satisfaction. Third, individual education, place of residence, living arrangements, economic security and access to medical services are consistently related to life satisfaction and psychological well-being among the elderly. We conclude that providing social investments in education in early life and economic security and medical insurance in later life for both the childless and parents are crucial for improving individual psychological well-being and life satisfaction for the elderly.     

Relationship specialization amongst sources and receivers of social support and its correlations with loneliness and subjective well-being: a cross sectional study of Nepalese older adults

Social support, subjective well-being (SWB), and loneliness are issues of central importance in research concerned with the quality of life (QOL) of elderly people in the 21st century. However, very little is known about the situation in low-income countries such as in Nepal. The purpose of this paper is to identify the relationships significant in social support (received (SSR) and provided (SSP)) and analyze their connections with loneliness and SWB. The subjects, not suffering from dementia, were 60 years and above living in Kathmandu city. The data was analyzed using logistic regression with some confounding variables controlled. The results indicate that loneliness is high and SWB is low amongst Nepalese older adults. SSR from children living together and SSP to spouse, children living together and friends and neighbors reduce loneliness. SSP to children living apart increases SWB-life satisfaction. SSR from children living together and SSP to children (living together and apart) increases SWB-life stability. However, SSP to relatives reduces SWB-life satisfaction and SSR from relatives reduces SWB-life stability in Nepalese older adult men.     

Effects of Playing Wii on Well-Being in the Elderly: Physical Activity,Loneliness, and Mood

Effects of compensatory strategies offered by Wii technology on physical activity, loneliness, and mood are investigated. Thirty-five individuals (M = 82 years) were randomly assigned to either playing Wii or watching television with a partner for 10 weeks. Physical activity, loneliness, mood, life satisfaction, and health were assessed. The elderly playing Wii had lower loneliness and a pattern of greater positive mood compared to the television group. No differences in life satisfaction or physical activity were found, but loneliness predicted positive mood, and positive mood predicted physical activity. This investigation points to the benefits of using Wii for well-being, particularly social connection and enjoyment.     

Soziale Integration und Lebenszufriedenheit kinderloser Frauen und M?nner im mittleren und h?heren Erwachsenenalter

Objectives

Adult children are important members of the social network of older persons. Children are particularly important in facilitating the social integration of the aged. Against this backdrop, this paper explores possible effects of childlessness on the social integration and life satisfaction of middle and older aged women and men.

Materials and methods

The data used in this study are drawn from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP), an annual survey of private households in Germany. The analysis is restricted to respondents aged between 45 and 84 who live in a marital or nonmarital partnership. Multivariate models are used to examine the effect of childlessness on contacts with relatives and friends, civic, political, and religious participation, as well as life and family satisfaction.

Results

Cohabiting childless women and men in mid- and late life are only slightly less socially integrated than parents living in a partnership. Compared to parents, childless elders have fewer social contacts. However, childless men and women do not differ from empty nest parents in their civic, political and religious participation. Moreover, childless elders do not have a lower level of life satisfaction than mothers and fathers. Quite the contrary, childless men und women are happier than parents who coreside with their adult children.

Conclusions

The results presented here revise the common assumption that childlessness negatively affects the social integration and life satisfaction of middle- and older-aged persons.     

团体心理干预对缓解城市空巢老人焦虑情绪的观察

目的观察团体心理干预对城市空巢老人焦虑情绪和幸福感的影响。方法将乌鲁木齐市雪莲小区102名60岁空巢老人随机分为2组,A组为团体心理干预组,B组为对照组,每组51例。对A组老人进行电话咨询和团体心理干预,B组仅进行电话咨询,共观察20周。比较2组干预前后汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)和总体幸福感量表得分,评估2组间焦虑情绪和幸福感的变化。结果 20周后,A组老年人HAMA评分明显下降,与B组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。同时,A组幸福感评分明显升高,2组比较亦有统计学差异(P0.05或P0.01)。结论团体心理干预能帮助城市空巢老人缓解焦虑情绪,提升幸福感。     

Social and emotional loneliness among non-demented and demented elderly people

There is a lack of studies about loneliness and cognitive functioning among elderly people and, above all, among those with cognitive impairment. The aim of this study is to investigate loneliness, both social and emotional, in non-demented and demented elderly people. The study is based on 589 persons, who answered the question about social loneliness (often being lonely) in the Kungsholmen longitudinal project. All subjects were examined extensively to reach a diagnosis and to determine the dementia level. Data were collected through structured interviews on subjective social loneliness as well as emotional loneliness (feelings of loneliness, from often to never) and background variables (age, sex, housing and housing conditions). Non-demented elderly subjects reported themselves to be lonely significantly less often compared to demented subjects, but there were no differences in the emotional experience of loneliness. Social loneliness was more common in the different levels of dementia and increased with reduced cognitive functioning, while emotional loneliness decreased. Living together with someone and living in one's own apartment showed a positive influence on feelings of loneliness.