卒中易感型自发性高血压大鼠繁育能力及脑卒中特性的研究

目的研究卒中易感型自发性高血压大鼠(SHRsp)的繁育能力及脑卒中的特性. 材料和方法采用兄妹交配方法,观察记录雌性SHRsp两年的受孕率及产仔数,分别于12、16、20周龄时测量种鼠的收缩压和心率.另取48只8周龄SHRsp在1% NaCl盐水负荷下,观察12周,取大鼠脑组织经处理后,在光镜下观察脑卒中发生率.结果第一年度生产2代,平均SHRsp雌鼠受孕率及孕鼠平均产仔数分别为100%与10.3只,SHRsp受孕率高于同期WKY(90.0%)(P=0.077); SHRsp平均产仔数(10.3只)高于WKY(6.5)(P<0.001).第二年度SHRsp与WKY平均受孕率及孕鼠平均产仔数与第一年度近似.SHRsp血压随周龄增加而升高,12周龄雄鼠收缩压191.6 mmHg～223.8 mmHg,雌鼠为174.2 mmHg～196.3 mmHg,20周龄雄鼠收缩压达232.0 mmHg～242.6 mmHg.雄鼠心率388～428次/分,雌鼠为373～417次/分.SHRsp脑卒中病理检出率81.3%.结论 SHRsp繁育能力与WKY相似;以血压和脑组织病理检查表明,保持了SHRsp高血压和脑卒中的特性.     

蛋白质摄入对卒中型自发性高血压大鼠脑卒中及繁育能力的影响

本实验结果提示在饲料中适当增加蛋白质含量．既可保持卒中型自发性高血压大鼠（SHRsp）脑卒中的特性（脑卒中病理检出率为86．6％），又保持了大鼠正常的繁育能力及身体健康，显著延长了雌鼠的寿命，增加了雄鼠及仔鼠的体重。     

膳食添加剂对卒中易感型自发性高血压大鼠的影响

卒中易感型自发性高血压大鼠(SHRsp)具有较高的卒中发生率.研究结果表明,合理的营养膳食可改善SHRsp高血压卒中的发病率.     

海鱼鱼油和胆固醇对卒中型自发性高血压大鼠血压和脑卒中作用的比较

予高盐下卒中型自发性高血压大鼠 (SHRsp)饲料中分别补充海鱼鱼油 [含二十碳五烯酸 (EPA)和二十碳六烯酸 (DHA) ]和胆固醇 ,发现两种饲料能不同程度地降低血压和脑卒中发生率 ,延长寿命     

鱼油对卒中易感型自发性高血压大鼠高血压发展过程的影响

观察饮食鱼油或花生油对卒中易感型自发性高血压大鼠（ＳＨＲｓｐ）血压、血脂和心、脑、肾结构的影响。大鼠喂养标准实验室饮食（对照组）或含１２％花生油（花生油组）或１２％鱼油（鱼油组）的饮食１７周。结果表明饮食鱼油能够缓解ＳＨＲｓｐ高血压的发展；降低总胆固醇（ＴＣ）和甘油三酯（ＴＧ）水平，显著升高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬｃ）水平；饮食鱼油能够减缓左室肥厚的发展，减轻靶器官小血管的病理改变，对高血压靶器官具有明显的保护作用。与之相反，饮食花生油对ＳＨＲｓｐ的血压、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯无影响，饮食花生油升高总胆固醇水平，加剧高血压靶器官脑、心、肾的病变。     

缬沙坦对卒中易感型自发性高血压大鼠脑血管结构的影响

目的 :研究长期口服血管紧张素Ⅱ 1型受体拮抗剂———缬沙坦对卒中易感型自发性高血压大鼠(SHRsp)脑血管形态结构的影响 ,探讨其可能的脑保护机制。 方法 :6周龄雄性SHRsp2 6只随机分为 3组 ,以 8只 6周龄雄性正常血压大鼠 (WKY)作为正常对照 ,记录血压和脑卒中临床表现评分 ,18周后断头处死 ,镜下观察脑血管结构。结果 :① 18周后SHRsp组和小剂量缬沙坦 (2 0mg·kg-1·d-1)用药组 (SHRSP加V2 0 组 )血压均分别高于WKY组和大剂量缬沙坦 (4 0mg·kg-1·d-1)用药组 (SHRSP加V40 组 ) ,P <0 .0 5。②SHRsp组脑卒中临床表现评分明显高于SHRSP加V2 0 组和SHRSP加V40 组 ,SHRSP组死亡率为 33.33% ,SHRSP加V2 0 组和SHRSP加V40 组均无死亡。③SHRsp组脑动脉中膜厚度 /管腔半径的比值明显高于WKY组、SHRSP加V2 0 组和SHRSP加V40 组 ,P<0 .0 5 ;而后三者之间脑动脉中膜厚度 /管腔半径的比值差异均无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :缬沙坦可通过降低SHRsp脑动脉中膜厚度 /管腔半径的比值、干预血管重构发挥脑血管保护作用 ,此作用与血压无关。     

抗氧化剂PZ51对卒中易感型自发性高血压大鼠脑保护作用的探讨

目的探讨抗氧化剂PZ51对卒中易感型自发性高血压大鼠(SHRsp)高血压发展的慢性过程中的脑保护作用。方法22只SHRsp大鼠随机分为PZ51组和对照组,每组各11只,灌胃治疗6周。用分光光度计测大脑皮质匀浆丙二醛(MDA)、一氧化氮(NO)浓度;Westernblot检测大脑皮质内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)、神经元型一氧化氮合酶(nNOS)和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)的蛋白表达;光镜检测颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)。结果与对照组比较,PZ51组显著降低了大脑皮质匀浆MDA浓度[(2.09±0.62)nmolmg蛋白vs(4.11±0.45)nmolmg蛋白,P<0.001]和NO浓度[(0.82±0.19)μmolmg蛋白vs(1.24±0.28)μmolmg蛋白,P<0.001];PZ51抑制大脑皮质iNOS蛋白表达(P<0.01),对eNOS和nNOS无影响;光镜检查示PZ51组颈动脉IMT显著降低。结论PZ51显著降低了SHRsp大脑皮质MDA和NO浓度;抑制iNOS蛋白表达;降低了颈动脉IMT,从而发挥对SHRsp的脑保护作用。     

自发性高血压大鼠与WKY大鼠肠系膜动脉的左旋精氨酸舒张

应用微量生物测定法发现左旋精氨酸（L－arg）可使成年SHRsp与WKY肠系膜动脉的有无内皮肌条舒张，且SHRsp者均弱于WKY。在一定浓度下，L－arg可使SHRsp与WKY有内皮肌条的舒张显著强于去内皮者。但SHRsp有内皮肌条的L－arg舒张弱于WKY。SHRsp与WKY的去内皮肌条的L－arg舒张则无显著差异。主旋硝基精氨酸（L－NNA）使WKY的L－arg舒张显著减弱，对SHRsp则无显著影响，表明SHRsp与WKY肠系膜动脉的L－arg舒张具有内皮依赖的性质。SHRsp内皮细胞的L－arg－NO通路可能有功能变化，WKY的内皮则可能有较大的L－arg储备。同时SHRsp的肠系股动脉内皮及肌细胞受L－NNA抑制的影响不显著，提示其他机制的存在。     

艾地苯醌对卒中型自发性高血压大鼠脑卒中及急性脑缺血的影响

给卒中型自发性高血压大鼠 (SHRsp)预先口服艾地苯醌 ,可延缓用手术方式结扎大鼠双侧颈总动脉造成的急性脑缺血的痉挛发作出现时间及延长 36 h内存活时间。脑卒中发生后 ,用艾地苯醌治疗可明显减轻 SH Rsp神经系统的损害 ,增加体重 ,改善存活期。国产与日本产艾地苯醌抗脑缺血的作用相似     

高血压与卒中

高血压足卒中最重要的独立危险因素,不同血压水平与卒中的关系一直是人们关注的焦点。文章主要介绍了各种血压参数、不同高血压类型与卒中及其亚型之间的关系。     

葛根素（普乐林）对SHRsp脑卒中预防和治疗作用的研究

目的：研究普乐林注射液对卒中型自发性高血压大鼠（ＳＨＲｓｐ）脑卒中的预防和治疗作用。材料和方法：将８０只周龄（雌雄各半）ＳＨＲｓｐ随机分为普乐林２００ｍｇ／ｋｇ,１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ及对照组,饮１．０％～１．５％,ＮａＣｌ盐水。实验一,在高盐负荷开始即灌胃治疗,８周后断头处死,取颈动脉及脑组织做电镜检查。取脑组织光镜下检查脑卒中发生率。实验二;脑卒中发生后开始灌胃治疗,连续１０天,记录大鼠脑卒中临床表     

Predictors of Stroke in the Elderly

Abstract. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease and cigarette smoking have repeatedly been identified as risk factors for stroke in young and middle-aged individuals. In order to find predicting factors for stroke in the elderly we assessed health characteristics in 55 stroke victims in the age range 65–75 years (mean 70.7±2.7) allocated to our stroke unit at Östra University Hospital in Gothenburg. For comparison we used data from 2009 individuals participating in the ongoing longitudinal population study “70-year-old people in Gothenburg, Sweden”. Among the stroke victims we found a higher prevalence of hypertension (63.5% vs. 27.8%, p<0.001), diabetes mellitus (21.8% vs. 6.2%, p<0.001) and a history of previous myocardial infarction (12.7% vs. 4.8%, p<0.01), thus confirming previous findings. There was no difference with regard to smoking habits (32.7% vs. 27.5%, NS), which is at variance with findings in the young and middle-aged.     

Obesity,Hypertension and Stroke

Central fat distribution may be more closely associated with stroke risk than relative weight or body mass index, although both are associated with hypertension. Some of this association may reflect the fact that central obesity reflects adult weight gain, which may be more relevant to stroke risk than weight in old age. Three attributes associated with central obesity, hypertension and stroke risk deserve further exploration as a possible explanatory variables for the central obesity-stroke risk association. They are cigarette smoking, heavy alcohol intake and diabetes. Prevention of smoking and excess alcohol intake would be consistent with general public health guidelines and might be more relevant to stroke prevention than caloric reduction and management of general overweight.     

Characteristics of Delayed Admission to Stroke Unit

Early admission to stroke unit (SU) and factors that may cause admission delay represent relevant issues to obtain an optimal management of acute stroke. This study was aimed at recording timing from clinical onset to admission to our SU and to identify the reasons for delay. We prospectively examined acute stroke patients consecutively admitted to the Perugia SU. Baseline characteristics of stroke patients, stroke type and etiology, time from symptom onset to arrival in the SU were obtained from the Hospital-Based Perugia Stroke Registry. 60.8% of 2,213 consecutive stroke patients admitted to the SU arrived within 6 hrs and 39.2% after 6 hrs. Underestimation of symptoms was the cause of delay in 48.7% of cases. Younger age, especially for females, ischemic stroke, mild and/or unspecific symptoms and the underestimation of symptoms seem to be the main reasons for delayed arrival in the SU. To increase the proportion of stroke patients arriving in the SU within 3 hr of symptom onset, it is necessary to improve public and general practitioner awareness of stroke through educational programs.