Rescue catheter-based therapies for the treatment of acute massive pulmonary embolism after unsuccessful systemic thrombolysis

Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis - The management of acute massive pulmonary embolism (PE) patients who did not respond to systemic thrombolysis (ST) has not been well established. The...     

Derivation and validation of a prognostic model for pulmonary embolism

RATIONALE: An objective and simple prognostic model for patients with pulmonary embolism could be helpful in guiding initial intensity of treatment. OBJECTIVES: To develop a clinical prediction rule that accurately classifies patients with pulmonary embolism into categories of increasing risk of mortality and other adverse medical outcomes. METHODS: We randomly allocated 15,531 inpatient discharges with pulmonary embolism from 186 Pennsylvania hospitals to derivation (67%) and internal validation (33%) samples. We derived our prediction rule using logistic regression with 30-day mortality as the primary outcome, and patient demographic and clinical data routinely available at presentation as potential predictor variables. We externally validated the rule in 221 inpatients with pulmonary embolism from Switzerland and France. MEASUREMENTS: We compared mortality and nonfatal adverse medical outcomes across the derivation and two validation samples. MAIN RESULTS: The prediction rule is based on 11 simple patient characteristics that were independently associated with mortality and stratifies patients with pulmonary embolism into five severity classes, with 30-day mortality rates of 0-1.6% in class I, 1.7-3.5% in class II, 3.2-7.1% in class III, 4.0-11.4% in class IV, and 10.0-24.5% in class V across the derivation and validation samples. Inpatient death and nonfatal complications were 相似文献   

经皮肺静脉成形术治疗纤维纵隔炎所致肺静脉狭窄的短期疗效及安全性探讨

目的:探讨经皮肺静脉成形术治疗纤维纵隔炎所致肺静脉狭窄的短期疗效与安全性。方法:该研究为病例系列研究。回顾性纳入2018年1月至2020年6月在甘肃省人民医院诊断为纤维纵隔炎所致肺静脉狭窄并接受经皮肺静脉成形术治疗的患者。通过电子病历系统收集患者的临床资料,包括年龄、性别、合并症,术前右心导管测得的血流动力学指标、N末...     

Trends in management and outcomes of pulmonary embolism with a multidisciplinary response team

Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis - Multidisciplinary pulmonary embolism (PE) response teams have garnered widespread adoption given the complexities of managing acute PE and provide a...     

Right ventricular dysfunction is superior and sufficient for risk stratification by a pulmonary embolism response team

Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis - Several risk stratification tools are available to predict short-term mortality in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE). The presence of...     

Outcomes of catheter-directed thrombolysis versus systemic thrombolysis in the treatment of pulmonary embolism: a meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and efficacy of catheter-directed thrombolysis(CDT) versus systemic thrombolysis(ST) in the treatment of pulmonary embolism(PE).METHODS The Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Embase databases were searched to collect the literature on the comparison of the results of CDT and ST in the treatment of PE from the beginning of their records to May 2020, and meta-analysis was performed by STATA software(version 15.1). Using standardized data-collection forms, the authors sc...     

Validation of a clinical prognostic model to identify low-risk patients with pulmonary embolism

OBJECTIVE: To validate the Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (PESI), a clinical prognostic model which identifies low-risk patients with pulmonary embolism (PE). DESIGN: Validation study using prospectively collected data. SETTING: A total of 119 European hospitals. SUBJECTS: A total of 899 patients diagnosed with PE. INTERVENTION: The PESI uses 11 clinical factors to stratify patients with PE into five classes (I-V) of increasing risk of mortality. We calculated the PESI risk class for each patient and the proportion of patients classified as low-risk (classes I and II). The outcomes were overall and PE-specific mortality for low-risk patients at 3 months after presentation. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity and predictive values to predict overall and PE-specific mortality and the discriminatory power using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. RESULTS: Overall and PE-specific mortality was 6.5% (58/899) and 2.3% (21/899) respectively. Forty-seven per cent of patients (426/899) were classified as low-risk. Low-risk patients had an overall mortality of only 1.2% (5/426) and a PE-specific mortality of 0.7% (3/426). The sensitivity was 91 [95% confidence interval (CI): 81-97%] and the negative predictive value was 99% (95% CI: 97-100%) for overall mortality. The sensitivity was 86% (95% CI: 64-97%) and the negative predictive value was 99% (95% CI: 98-100%) for PE-specific mortality. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve for overall and PE-specific mortality were 0.80 (95% CI: 0.75-0.86) and 0.77 (95% CI: 0.68-0.86) respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This validation study confirms that the PESI reliably identifies low-risk patients with PE who are potential candidates for less costly outpatient treatment.     

Safety and efficacy of catheter-directed therapy versus anticoagulation alone in a higher-risk acute pulmonary embolism population

Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis - There is little data comparing safety and efficacy outcomes in patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) receiving catheter directed therapies (CDT) compared to...     

Changes in treatment and outcomes after creation of a pulmonary embolism response team (PERT), a 10-year analysis

Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis - Multidisciplinary pulmonary embolism response teams (PERTs) are being implemented to improve care of patients with life-threatening PE. We sought to...     

Correction to: Changes in treatment and outcomes after creation of a pulmonary embolism response team (PERT), a 10-year analysis

Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis - The original version of the article unfortunately contained an error in conflict of interest. This erratum is published with the correct conflict of interest.     

及时诊断和溶栓抗凝治疗对肺血栓栓塞疗效的影响

目的：探讨及时诊断和溶栓抗凝治疗对肺血栓栓塞（PTE）疗效的影响。方法：回顾性分析了46例PTE患者的临床诊断和溶栓抗凝治疗,并以诊断时间是否超过2周为界,观察其疗效。结果：46例患者均有基础疾病,其中,合并下肢深静脉血栓者33例（71．7％）,有心肺疾患者23例（50％）,外科手术后6例（13％）。有36例患者经放射性核素肺通气和灌注扫描确诊。有13例患者误诊为心肺疾病,误诊率为28．3％。诊断时间在2周以内的患者经溶栓抗凝治疗后总有效率为93．1％,超过2周的患者总有效率为52．9％,差异有显著性（P＜0．01）。结论：诊断时间在2周内疗效显著,超过2周,也有一定的效果。     

Efficacy and safety of tenecteplase in pulmonary embolism

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a relatively common life-threatening cardiovascular condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We present the efficacy and safety data of weight-adjusted tenecteplase in 30 consecutive patients of acute PE. 30 patients (22 male, 8 female) with acute PE were included in the study and divided into three groups: (1) Acute PE complicated by shock stage and/or persistent hypotension (12 patients). (2) RV dilatation and/or dysfunction without hypotension (14 patients). (3) Severe hypoxemia without hypotension and RV dysfunction (4 patients). Predominant symptoms were dyspnoea, cough, chest pain, syncope and haemoptysis, noted in 100 % (30), 40 % (12), 54 % (16), 32 % (9) and 10 % (3) of patients respectively. RV dilatation and dyskinesia were present in 86 %, septal paradoxical movement in 73 % and inferior venacava collapse absent in 53 % of patients respectively. 12 patients presented with acute PE and cardiogenic shock, 14 patients showed RV dilatation and dysfunction with systolic BP >90 mmHg and four patients were having RV dilation without dysfunction but severe hypoxemia. There was significant reduction in right ventricular systolic pressure and improvement in right ventricular dysfunction. Our study shows that tenecteplase is very effective and safe in the treatment of PE with minimal risk of bleeding in high risk group and intermediate risk and even in selective low risk category group of patients. However, in view of small number of patients in study group, a large multicentre randomized study would be required to draw a firm conclusion regarding the thrombolysis in low risk category patient.     

Exenatide once-weekly clinical development: safety and efficacy across a range of background therapies

In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the physiologic glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) response, which is involved in glucose regulation through several mechanisms, is dysfunctional. GLP-1 receptor agonists can fill an unmet therapeutic need in the treatment of T2DM: improving glycemic control without increasing the risk of hypoglycemia (except with concomitant sulfonylureas) and reducing weight in a substantial proportion of patients. GLP-1 receptor agonists have impacted established disease treatment algorithms for T2DM. For example, in 2009 the American Diabetes Association and European Association for the Study of Diabetes revised their consensus treatment algorithm to incorporate GLP-1 receptor agonists. GLP-1 receptor agonists were originally represented by exenatide BID (ExBID), a short-acting agent requiring twice-daily injections at mealtime. The longer-acting agent liraglutide, requiring once-daily injections, recently received regulatory approval. Several other long-acting agents are in clinical development, one of which is the once-weekly formulation of exenatide (exenatide once weekly [ExQW]). This article reviews the clinical development of ExQW in the DURATION program. Patients in theses clinical trials were receiving various background treatments, ranging from lifestyle therapy to combination oral therapy, although the majority (68%) received metformin monotherapy. Specifically, safety, glycemic control, and weight were compared in patients treated with ExQW versus ExBID, sitagliptin, pioglitazone, or insulin glargine. Moreover, measures of β-cell function, cardiovascular risk, inflammation, and hepatic health were investigated. During ExQW clinical development, consistent clinical efficacy (glycosylated hemoglobin, -1.5% to -1.9%; weight, -2?kg to -4?kg) and safety data were observed in patients with T2DM treated with ExQW.     

Efficacy and safety of high dose versus low dose streptokinase for treatment of submassive pulmonary embolism

Pulmonary embolism (PE) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the general population, the established treatment for PE is anticoagulation. It has previously been demonstrated that thrombolytic therapy can be lifesaving in patients with massive PE (haemodynamic instability and right heart failure). However, the use of thrombolytic therapy in patients with submassive PE (haemodynamically stable) remains a controversial topic. Recent clinical studies, however, support evidence that thrombolysis may favorably affect the outcomes in a wider spectrum of high risk PE patients presenting with right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) as evidenced by decreased right ventricular end diastolic diameter (RVEDD), disappearance of paradoxical septal motion (PSM), and tricuspid regurge (TR) as well as decrease in the pulmonary artery pressure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of high dose streptokinase (SK) in 1 h versus low dose SK in 24 h in patients with submassive PE and RVD (high risk PE). The study included 60 patients (28 males and 32 females, mean age 45.5 ± 13.6 years) with submassive PE (positive spiral CT chest) and RVD (proved by echocardiography). Those without contraindications to SK were randomly assigned to receive either high dose (group I) or low dose (group II) of SK. Those with contraindication(s) to SK received anticoagulation (group III). Echocardiography was done before and 72 h after treatment. Right ventricular dysfunction (RVEDD, PSM, and TR) and mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) improved significantly 72 h after treatment in groups I and II, while a slight improvement in PAP was observed after treatment in group III. No significant difference was noticed between groups I and II regarding the effect of treatment on RVD or PAP. Statistically nonsignificant difference was found between groups I and II regarding the complications of SK, however a slightly higher risk of bleeding was observed in group I (high dose SK). No significant difference was found between the three groups regarding the mortality. These data suggest that SK can rapidly and safely reverse the pulmonary hypertension and RVD in contrast to anticoagulation. Both protocols of SK are equieffective in rapid reversal of RVD and pulmonary hypertension. Both protocols were safe as proved by absence of difference in mortality over anticoagulant group.     

The role of obstructive sleep apnea on the prognosis of pulmonary embolism: a systemic review and meta-analysis

Sleep and Breathing - The relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and pulmonary embolism (PE) has been reported by some studies but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We aimed to...