德州市儿童碘营养水平调查

调查了德州市水样４１份，其中浅井水２９份，水碘均值１０７．３μｇ／Ｌ；深井水１２份，水碘均值为４７５．４μｇ／Ｌ。检查８～１０岁儿童２０４３名，饮用浅井水者１４５９名，甲状腺肿大率１２．７％；饮用深井水者５８４名，甲状腺肿大率为１４．７％。检测尿样５５８份，饮用浅井水者４０９份，尿碘中位数为２５５．８μｇ／Ｌ；饮用深井水者１４９份，尿碘中位数５１５．６μｇ／Ｌ。结果表明德州市大部分地区为碘适中地区，但有高碘地区和缺碘地区交错存在于其中，在防治工作中应注意采取不同对策。     

广东沿海及珠江三角洲地区人群碘营养状况

目的了解广东沿海及珠江三角洲地区人群碘营养状况。方法用人口比例概率抽样法对该地区抽取３０个调查点１２９３名８～１０岁在学儿童进行甲状腺肿大率、尿碘、盐碘调查;同时调查了儿童的智商水平和新生儿脐带血ＴＳＨ。结果Ｂ超法检查甲状腺肿大率１２．４５％,触诊法检查甲状腺肿大率１２．２２％;盐碘覆盖率５６．２％;尿碘中位数１２４．６０μｇ／Ｌ;平均智商为１０３．４,处于边缘状态和智力落后的儿童占６．８５％;ＴＳＨ＞５ｍＵ／Ｌ的占１０．２５％。结论广东沿海及珠江三角洲地区同样存在碘摄入不足的公共卫生问题,但多属轻度缺碘     

1997年新疆碘缺乏病防治监测报告

按照全国统一的“ＰＰＳ”方法进行碘缺乏病的抽样调查，共抽检８￣１０岁儿童１２０２人，甲状腺触诊检查肿大率为２２．１％，Ｂ超检查为１３．５％，采集儿童随机尿样３４９份，尿碘中位数为１８８．２μｇ／Ｌ，其中≥１００μｇ／Ｌ的２７０份，占７７．４％，检测居民户用盐样１１２４份，其中碘盐９８６份，占８７．７％，合格碘盐８７３份，占碘盐的８８．５％，非碘盐和土盐１３８份，占１２．３％；盐碘中位数为３６．９ｍ     

克拉玛依市特殊人群碘缺乏病监测结果分析

采用放射免疫法对克拉玛依市区５１０例新生儿脐带血ＴＳＨ和１２２例２～４岁儿童的ＴＳＨ及１２７例８～１０岁儿童尿碘进行测定,市区新生儿ＴＳＨ值〉５μＩＵ／ｍｌ 占２２．９％;２～４岁儿童ＴＳＨ值大〉５μＩＵ／ｍｌ占１．７％,８～１０岁儿童尿碘〉１００μｇ／Ｌ占９８．４％,〈１００μｇ／Ｌ 占１．６％。甲状腺肿大率为１６．６７％（触诊法）。调查结果表明克拉玛依市还存在着碘缺乏。     

杭州市区补碘前后儿童碘营养状况调查分析

对杭州市区环境碘和１０２５８人次８～１０岁儿童补碘前后及防治二年后碘营养状况进行对比调查分析。结果显示：饮水碘为１．４８μｇ／Ｌ，膳食碘共计６０．５μｇ／ｄ，盐碘０．５２ｍｇ／ｋｇ，防治前儿童触诊甲肿率１０．０２％，Ｂ超甲肿率１４．９８％，尿碘中位数７０．０１μｇ／Ｌ，大于１００μｇ／Ｌ仅占３０．２０％，儿童平均智商为１１２．１４，其中郊区儿童为１０４．４５。经过落实以食盐加碘为主的综合防治措施二年后，儿童甲肿率下降至５．１６％。尿碘中位数上升到２４３．１５μｇ／Ｌ，儿童平均智商为１１４．３７。表明防治前杭州市区外环境和人群机体内环境同样存在碘缺乏，碘干预措施是我市防治碘缺乏病的积极有效方法。     

延安市285名小学生尿碘检测结果分析

人体的碘营养状况和尿碘含量高度相关，群体的尿碘水平完全可以反映该地区人群的碘营养水平。本文对延安市８～１０岁２８５名小学生尿碘进行了检测，旨在描述我市的人群碘营养状况，为我市碘缺乏病（ＩＤＤ）防治工作措施的制订提供依据。 结果表明，尿碘在 １００－４００μｇ／Ｌ之间的比重较大，５００μｇ／Ｌ以上者只占１０．２％。按ＩＤＤ防治要求，＞１００μｇ／Ｌ者为正常值，仅占总体的８６．７％，也就是说，还有１３．３％没有达到ＩＤＤ防治标准，说明我市儿童碘营养状况不容乐观。 从不同县区尿碘统计结果看，各县区儿童尿…     

孕妇和乳母及0～6岁儿童碘营养状况调查

目的 了解孕妇、乳母、儿童和婴幼儿碘营养状况,评估综合补碘干预的效果。方法 整群抽样法,主要检测其尿碘水平,进行有关影响碘营养状况分析。结果 孕妇２６９人,尿碘中位数（Ｍ）为２６０．０μｇ／Ｌ,〈１００ｇ／Ｌ者占４．８％,乳母８４人,Ｍ为１８３．０μｇ／Ｌ,〈１００μｇ／Ｌ者占１５．５％,儿童１９５２人,同２２６．０μ／ｌ,〈１００μｇ／Ｌ者占１０．１％,其尿碘水平高于普碘盐前的儿童尿碘水平调查资     

天津市学龄儿童碘营养状况调查分析

按不同地区的不同地理位置随机抽取８１所小学校８～１０岁学龄儿童计８５６０名，进行了碘营养状况调查，触诊法的甲肿率为３２．６％，Ｂ超对比甲肿率为２７％。尿碘中位数为９６．０６μｇ／Ｌ，其中最高的郊区、县达１３２．２μｇ／Ｌ，滨海区为１１８．３μｇ／Ｌ，而市中心六个区尿碘中位数仅为５８．４７μｇ／Ｌ。饮用水含碘量平均为３９．８μｇ／Ｌ，市区饮用水仅为５．６μｇ／Ｌ。同时对７９７名学生进行了瑞文氏智力测定，平均智商（ＩＱ）值为１０６．１８±１４．０６，其中极优秀者为３９人，占总数的４．９％，优秀人数为１１２，占１４．１％，二者合计占总调查人数的１８．９％。智力落后儿童１４人占１．７％。ＩＱ频数分布向中上水平偏移，市区、郊区、县与滨海地区的智力落后分布无明显差别（μ＝１．７６Ｐ＞０．０５）。调查的病情指标和生化指标均表明天津市属碘缺乏重病区，拟实施全民补碘措施。     

碘缺乏与学龄儿童听力和语言智商的研究

为研究儿童尿碘水平与听力和语言智商的关系。随机拉机昆明春城小学１５０名８～１０岁学童收集其尿液进行尿碘测定。并将其中６０名学童分为两组（低尿碘组和正常尿磺对照组，每组各３０名）进行双耳纯音气导听力测定，用韦克斯勒学龄儿童智力测验量表（ＷＩＳＣ－ＣＲ）测试语言智商，结果表明，尿碘中位数为１７１．４μｇ／Ｌ尿碘值在１００μｇ／Ｌ以下的共４０例，占２６．７％，低尿碘组学童平均听阈显著高于正常尿碘对照组（     

新疆阿勒泰地区儿童碘营养状况调查

１９９０年以来我们采用随机抽样对新疆阿勒泰地区六县一市所辖部分小学的儿童状腺肿大率，尿碘，碘盐进行了检测。调查８－１０岁学生６７９４名，甲肿率为２０．１５％；查尿１６２１份，尿碘中位数９２．５μｇ／ｌ，，尿碘值〈１００μｇ／Ｌ者占５７．８０％；水碘均值４．９６μｇ／Ｌ，水碘值〈５μｇ／Ｌ者占８２．９％；碘越界 经５３．３３％，以上结果表明我区人群仍处于碘营养不良状态，应及时采取以供应碘盐为主的综合     

Glucose and insulin concentration in amniotic fluid and in maternal blood in early and in late pregnancy

Glucose concentration in the amniotic fluid decreases towards the end of gestation, whereas the insulin concentration increases. The ratio between fetal (amniotic fluid) glucose to maternal glucose is reduced by about 50% at the end of pregnancy, whereas the ratio of C peptide is increased four times. The higher glucose concentration in amniotic fluid in early pregnancy could be explained by a lower fetal metabolic rate in the early stage of development and a low insulin activity of the fetus.     

Differentiation pathways in carcinogenesis and in chemo- and radioresistance

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) share many features with embryonic stem cells (ESCs) such as the ability for self-renewal and differentiation. Signaling pathways that are involved in these processes are also involved in chemo- and radioresistance (e.g. Wnt, Notch and Hedgehog pathways). This review is focused on the influence of three important differentiation pathways on carcinogenesis and on chemo- and radioresistance in ESCs and CSCs.     

Patterns of compartment involvement in tibiofemoral osteoarthritis in men and women and in whites and African Americans

Objective

We conducted a cross‐sectional study to describe the prevalence of tibiofemoral joint space narrowing (JSN) in medial and lateral compartments and assess whether it differs by sex and ethnic groups, and, if it does, to what extent such a difference is accounted for by knee malalignment.

Methods

The Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study is an observational study of persons ages 50–79 years with either symptomatic knee osteoarthritis or high risk of disease. Knee radiographs were assessed for JSN in each tibiofemoral compartment. Mechanical axis angle was measured using full‐extremity films. We compared the proportion of knees with medial compartment JSN and with lateral JSN between men and women, as well as between whites and African Americans, using a logistic regression model adjusting for covariates (race or sex and body mass index, age, education, and clinic site). We used generalized estimating equations to account for correlation between 2 knees within a person.

Results

Of 5,202 knees (2,652 subjects), 1,532 (29.5%) had medial JSN and 427 (8.2%) had lateral JSN. Lateral JSN was more prevalent in the knees of women than in men (odds ratio [OR] 1.9, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.5–2.4) and was also higher in the knees of African Americans than in whites (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.7–3.3). Further adjustment for malalignment attenuated the OR for sex but not the OR for race.

Conclusion

Women and African Americans are more likely to have lateral JSN than men and whites, respectively. Valgus malalignment may contribute to the higher prevalence in women.     

Nitrite and thiocyanate in the fasting and secreting stomach and in saliva.

The concentrations of nitrite and thiocyanate in fasting and pentagastrin stimulated gastric juice and in saliva have been examined. Nitrite was found in all of 17 samples of fasting gastric juice, mean 4-9 +/- 1-1 muM. Stimulation of gastric secretion with pentagastrin caused no significant change in nitrite concentration. Thiocyanate was detected in all of 21 samples of fasting gastric juice and the difference in concentration between smokers and non-smokers probably reflects similar differences in saliva. In contrast to the nitrite data there was a significant drop in thiocyanate concentration of gastric juice after pentagastrin from 0-9 +/- 0-1 mM to 0-3 +/- 0-04 mM, suggesting a salivary origin for the thiocyanate in gastric juice. Thiocyanate is a powerful catalyst of nitrosation, which, together with small amounts of nitrite and naturally occurring amines could lead to the intragastric formation of carcinogenic nitrosamines and in certain circumstances be a factor in the aetiology of gastric cancer.