高龄老年高血压患者动态血压特点

目的探讨80岁以上老年高血压患者治疗中24h动态血压的特点。方法入选高血压患者按年龄分为三组:高龄老年组(≥80岁,n=88)、老年对照组(60～79岁,n=80)及中年对照组(60岁,n=25),回顾性分析三组患者治疗状态下动态血压参数、动态血压昼夜异常发生率及舒张压60mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)的发生率。结果三组患者服药情况差异无统计学意义(P0.05);全天、日间、夜间平均收缩压差别无统计学意义;平均舒张压高龄老年组均低于老年组及中年组(P均0.01);全天、日间、夜间平均脉压差高龄老年组均高于老年组、中年组(P均0.01);高龄老年组24h动态血压昼夜节律异常的发生率明显高于老年组、中年组(P均0.05);舒张压60mmHg的发生率高龄老年组明显高于老年组及中年组(P均0.01)。结论高龄老年高血压患者治疗状态下有舒张压过低及血压昼夜节律异常。     

高龄老年高血压患者动态血压和动态心电图特点及临床分析

目的分析高血压患者的24h动态血压、心电图的特点，并结合临床分析，为临床高龄老年高血压防治提供可参考依据。方法共入选老年高血压患者214例，按年龄分为两组，A组：高龄老年组（≥80岁）96例；B组：低龄老年组（60～79岁）118例。采用24h动态血压和24h动态心电图同步监测技术，记录血压和心电图变化，同时采集多次住院病历，观察高血压患者治疗过程中血压控制情况，心律失常以及靶器官损害发生情况。结果高龄老年组的大部分患者血压控制良好。24h动态血压水平两组之间仍有明显差异，高龄老年组心律失常、心脑血管事件次数、糖尿病、体重指数、左心室重量指数等均显著高于低龄老年组。结论与低龄老年组相比，80岁以上的高龄老年高血压患者肾损害明显，其24h动态血压水平与动态心电图改变及肾损害之间密切相关。     

老年高血压合并冠心病患者动态血压特点分析

目的：观察老年高血压合并冠心病患者动态血压特点,探讨动态血压异常与冠状动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法：220例年龄大于60岁的老年高血压病患者根据冠状动脉造影结果分为高血压合并冠心病组（124例）和单纯高血压组（96例）,对两组患者行动态血压监测,记录24h血压水平、血压变异性、脉压及血压昼夜节律。结果：与单纯高血压组比较,高血压合并冠心病组患者24h、白昼、夜间平均收缩压,收缩压变异性[白昼（14.01±4.26）比（17.54±5.51）,夜间（15.05±4.01）比（19.32±3.71）]及脉压[白昼（56.66±7.43）mmHg比（66.32±13.62）mmHg,夜间（55.71±6.62）mmHg比（63.86±7.52）mmHg]均显著升高（P均＜0.05）,非杓型节律比例明显增大（60.32％比82.45％,P＜0.01）。结论：老年高血压合并冠心病患者收缩压、脉压水平高,血压变异性大,昼夜节律异常者比例大,这些异常可能与冠状动脉粥样硬化的发生发展有关系。     

中国男性老老年高血压患者24h动态血压与脑小血管疾病的关系

目的探讨中国老老年原发性高血压患者24h动态血压与脑小血管疾病(SVD)的关系。方法选择原发性高血压患者106例,进行24h动态血压监测。SVD包括腔隙性脑梗死(LI)和脑白质病变(WML)。根据WML级别分为低级别WML组52例和高级别WML组54例。根据LI数目分为非LI组22例,单发LI组22例,多发LI组62例。根据血压类型分为杓型血压组10例,非杓型血压组96例。结果与低级别WML组比较,高级别WML组夜间收缩压、昼间舒张压、夜间舒张压、24h舒张压明显升高(P0.05,P0.01)。多发LI组夜间收缩压、夜间舒张压较非LI组和单发LI组明显升高[(135.5±13.5)mm Hg vs(125.6±9.0)mm Hg,(129.1±19.6)mm Hg,(67.0±8.7)mm Hg vs(61.8±5.8)mm Hg,(59.9±7.9)mm Hg,1mm Hg=0.133kPa,P0.05],夜间血压下降幅度较非LI组和单发LI组明显减小[(-3.8±6.9)%vs(3.1±6.5)%,(1.7±8.2)%,P0.01]。非杓型血压组多发LI发生率显著高于杓型血压组(62.5%vs 20.0%,P=0.024)。结论中国男性老老年原发性高血压患者异常的血压昼夜节律可能是SVD的一种危险因素。     

动态血压参数与原发性高血压患者靶器官损害的关系

目的探讨24h动态血压参数与原发性高血压患者靶器官损害的关系。方法对140例原发性高血压患者进行24h动态血压监测,根据血压昼夜节律变化消失与否将其分为两组,对两组患者靶器官损害的情况进行对比分析,并对心、脑、肾各靶器官损害的危险因素进行Logistic回顾分析。结果两组脑卒中、左室肥厚、心力衰竭和肾功能损害的发生率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),24h动态血压参数与各种靶器官损害的相关性不同。结论24h动态血压各参数对高血压患者靶器官损害的影响不同,血压负荷、昼夜血压曲线消失和血压波动幅度与靶器官损害显著相关。     

高血压患者血压变异性临床研究进展

<正>血压变异性(blood pressure variability,BPV)指的是机体在一定时间段内的血压波动情况,是机体内环境动态调节的一种体现,也是人体最基本的生理特征[1]。BPV的概念最早在20世纪80年代被提出,随着近年来高血压发生机制相关研究的不断深入,发现BPV与高血压的发生发展有着密切的相关性,大量的文献研究证实,BPV可作为高血压的诊疗指标,目前,BPV已经成为高血压研究领域的热点之     

老年原发性高血压患者动态血压指标与靶器官损害的关系

目的:探讨老年原发性高血压(EH)患者动态血压各指标与靶器官损害的关系。方法:选择200例老年EH患者进行24h动态血压监测,其中45例无靶器官损害为EH对照组,155例并发心、脑、肾及多器官损害分别为心损害组(48例)、脑损害组(35例)、肾损害组(38例)、多器官损害组(34例),分析各组24h、白昼、夜间血压负荷值、血压昼夜节律、血压变异性。结果:与EH对照组比较,心损害、脑损害、肾损害、多器官损害组的24h、白昼、夜间血压负荷值明显升高[24h(64±13/53±12)%比(73±13/73±14)%比(77±12/74±11)%比(79±13/78±13)%比(85±12/86±13)%,P<0.01],夜间血压下降率明显降低[(10.6±0.6/10.7±0.6)%比(5.5±0.5/7.8±0.6)%比(5.4±0.5/7.6±0.5)%比(4.3±0.5/6.9±0.4)%比(1.8±0.5/3.0±0.5)%%,P<0.01或P<0.001],血压变异性明显增大[24h血压变异性(9.2±2.1)mmHg比(12.2±2.3)mmHg比(12.5±2.4)mmHg比(12.9±2.1)mmHg比(13.2±2.9)mmHg,P<0.05或P<0.01)];多器官损害组24h、白昼、夜间血压负荷值较心、脑、肾损害组明显升高(P<0.05),夜间血压下降率明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),血压变异性明显增大(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:老年原发性高血压伴靶器官损害者的血压负荷值明显升高,夜间血压下降率明显降低,血压变异性明显增大。     

老年高血压患者动态血压负荷和脉搏波传导速度的相关性研究

目的探讨老年高血压患者24 h动态血压负荷与颈桡动脉脉搏波传导速度(crPWV)的相关性。方法选取60～79岁的老年原发性高血压患者187例,对所有入选对象进行24 h动态血压监测,根据获取的24 h动态血压监测参数分为杓型组90例与非杓型组97例,选择同期体检人群82例为正常对照组。所有受试者行24 h动态血压监测,应用脉搏波速度测定仪测定crPWV,并进行分析。结果杓型组及非杓型组24 h、昼间及夜间收缩压、舒张压负荷均显著高于正常对照组(P<0.01)。非杓型组夜间血压负荷较杓型组升高(P<0.05)。杓型组及非杓型组crPWV均较正常对照组升高(P<0.05)。控制性别、年龄因素后,老年高血压患者24 h收缩压、夜间收缩压负荷、昼间舒张压负荷是crPWV影响的主要因素。结论老年高血压患者动态血压负荷升高,大动脉顺应性降低,其中24 h收缩压、夜间收缩压负荷、昼间舒张压负荷是影响大动脉顺应性的主要危险因素。     

老年高血压患者收缩压晨峰与脑白质损害的相关性

目的探讨老年高血压患者收缩压晨峰与脑白质损害的相关性。方法选择2015年10月~2016年10月山东省章丘地区筛选的老年原发性高血压患者337例。所有患者进行24h动态血压监测,根据收缩压晨峰现象分为晨峰组150例和非晨峰组187例。采用头颅MRI评估脑白质高信号(white matter hyperintensities,WMH)水平。结果晨峰组总WMH、脑室周围WMH、深部WMH明显高于非晨峰组[(9.05±2.71)ml vs(6.31±2.33)ml,(6.89±2.32)ml vs(4.48±2.02)ml,(2.17±0.89)ml vs(1.83±0.72)ml,P0.01]。收缩压晨峰与总WMH、脑室周围WMH、深部WMH呈正相关(r=0.561,r=0.563,r=0.283,P0.01)。校正混杂因素后,收缩压晨峰是总WMH、脑室周围WMH、深部WMH的独立影响因素(r=0.479,r=0.486,r=0.208,P0.01)。结论收缩压晨峰为脑白质高信号的独立危险因素。     

中老年原发性高血压患者动态血压临床研究

目的探讨老年原发性高血压患者24h动态血压的波动规律。方法选择我院原发性高血压患者100例，分为老年组50例和中青年组50例，运用无创袖带式动态血压监测仪检测两组患者各项动态血压参数并进行比较分析。结果两组患者的24h平均收缩压（24hSBP）：日间收缩压（dSBP），夜间收缩压（nSBP），收缩压负荷（SBP负荷）差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05），24h平均舒张压（24hDBP），日间舒张压（dDBP），夜间舒张压（nDBP），舒张压负荷（DBP负荷）间差异无显著性意义（P〉0.05），两组患者血压趋势形态间差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。两组患者SBP、DBP深杓型、杓型、反杓型比例间差异均有显著性意义（p〈0．05）。结论随着年龄的增长，老年原发性高血压患者以SBP升高为主，血压昼夜节律消失，且较中青年患者更具易变性和不稳定性。     

高原高血压患者的动态血压变化

目的　观察高原高血压患者的昼夜血压变化。方法　采用无创性携带式动态血压监测仪对 51例高原高血压患者及 2 5例正常人进行 2 4 h血压检测 ,分析两组的动态血压变化规律。结果　高原高血压患者中 82 .4 %血压昼夜节律消失或减少 ;其中高血压 2级为 6 9% ,高血压 3级为 96 % ;而正常人仅 8%血压昼夜节律减弱 ( P<0 .0 5)。结论　高原高血压患者血压昼夜节律有明显变化     

动态血压监测指导依那普利抗原发性高血压治疗临床观察

目的根据原发性高血压患者24h血压变化规律决定依那普利给药时间,观察降压疗效。方法对于临床确诊的1~2级原发性高血压患者,服用安慰剂2周后,根据24h动态血压监测夜间血压与白昼相比是否下降≥10%或10mmHg,分为勺型高血压及非勺型高血压,对勺型高血压者6:00及下午血压最高值前3h分别给予依那普利5mg,非勺型者6:00及18:00分别给予依那普利5mg,2周后,若患者坐位舒张压≥90mmHg,依那普利加量至10mg,每日2次。8周后复查24h动态血压。结果完成研究的80例原发性高血压患者中勺型58例,占72.5%,非勺型22例,占27.5%。依那普利对勺型组和非勺型组患者有效率分别为(52/58)89.7%,(19/22)86.4%,勺型组24h平均血压、白昼(6:00~22:00)血压、夜间(22:00~6:00)血压分别下降9.9/6.6mmHg,9.0/6.8mmHg,2.8/2.6mmHg,非勺型组分别下降13.9/7.6mmHg,11.9/6.6mmHg,13.8/10.4mmHg。两组白昼及夜间血压负荷均显著下降。勺型组收缩压与舒张压谷峰比值分别为66.6%,63.5%,非勺型组70.6%,66.5%。结论在时间治疗学理论指导下,依那普利每日给药两次能24h平稳降压,是一种价廉物美的降压药物,值得推广应用。     

Noninvasive ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in patients with recently detected systemic hypertension

Noninvasive ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and Doppler echocardiography were used in a recent study evaluating persons aged 18 to 50 years who were initially found to have mild hypertension by casual blood pressure determination. Ambulatory blood pressure recordings were performed on a day of usual activity in 54 subjects; a subgroup of 24 patients had evaluation of left ventricular dimensions and diastolic filling patterns by Doppler echocardiography. Average ambulatory systolic pressures of 42% of subjects were greater than or equal to 130 mm Hg. Only 35% had average diastolic pressures greater than or equal to 85 mm Hg, and 57% had either systolic or diastolic pressures greater than or equal to 130/85 mm Hg. Correlation between casual and ambulatory pressures was not significant. No subject had left ventricular hypertrophy determined by echocardiography. Abnormal left ventricular diastolic filling was noted in 38% of those patients with average ambulatory pressures greater than or equal to 130/85 mm Hg, but in no patients with average pressures less than 130/85 mm Hg (p less than 0.05). These results suggest that ambulatory blood pressure monitoring may be a specific method for detecting those patients with mild hypertension who may have early and potentially reversible cardiac abnormalities.     

动态脉压对高龄高血压病患者早期肾功能损害的影响

目的探讨高龄高血压病患者动态脉压（APP）对早期肾功能损害的影响。方法应用24h动态血压监测仪监测68例年龄≥80岁、常规尿蛋白（UP）、血清肌酐（SCr）、尿素氮（BUN）水平在正常范围的高血压病患者的APP水平，根据APP将患者分为两组，〈60mmHg为A组，≥60mmHg为B组。测定两组患者UP、血清／尿肌酐（S／UCr）、BUN、尿微量白蛋白（UMA）、尿β2-微球蛋白（Uβ2-MG）水平。结果两组UP、SCr、BUN、Uβ2-MG差异均无显著性意义；B组UMA比A组明显增加[（9．15±12．54）mg／mmol UCr vs （2．87±2．35）mg／mmol UCr]，差异有显著性意义（P〈0．01）；UMA与APP呈显著性正相关（r=0．39，P〈0．01）。结论APP高的高龄高血压病患者较APP低者的早期肾小球滤过功能损害更明显；APP越高，肾小球滤过功能损害越明显。     

Transcranial doppler sonography and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in patients with hypertension.

To appraise the value of transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) for assessment of hypertensive cerebrovascular damage, the relationship between ambulatory blood pressure (BP) and indices of cerebral circulation determined by TCD was investigated. Subjects were 55 inpatients with or without hypertension, including 13 patients with histories of cerebrovascular attacks. Mean flow velocity (MFV) in the middle cerebral artery was measured by TCD, then the cerebrovascular resistance index (CVRI; mean BP/MFV) and the Fourier PI1 (pulsatility index of the first Fourier harmonic of the flow-velocity waveform) were determined as indices of cerebrovascular resistance. CO2 reactivity of MFV was estimated as an index of cerebrovascular flow reserve. CVRI positively correlated with both daytime and nighttime BP as well as with age (p<0.01). Fourier PI1 positively correlated with nighttime BP and age (p<0.01). CO2 reactivity did not correlate with any of the ambulatory BP parameters, but negatively correlated with age (p<0.01). LV mass index significantly correlated with ambulatory BP parameters, CVRI, and Fourier PI1 but did not correlate with CO2 reactivity. Multiple regression analyses showed that nighttime systolic BP was a significant correlate for CVRI and Fourier PI1, but not for CO2 reactivity, and that history of cerebrovascular attack was significant for CVRI and CO2 reactivity. We conclude that cerebrovascular resistance determined by TCD accords with the results of ambulatory BP and LVMI, and thus could be successfully used to detect the early stage of hypertensive cerebrovascular change. Cerebrovascular flow reserve would be relatively preserved in hypertensive patients without cerebrovascular diseases.     

Canadian hypertension society guidelines for ambulatory blood pressure monitoring

The Canadian Hypertension Society has developed guidelines for the use of ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring in clinical practice. Published articles with the best available levels of evidence were used to support the following recommendations:Physicians should only use ambulatory BP monitoring devices that have been validated independently using established protocols.A decision to withhold drug therapy based upon the ambulatory BP should take into account normal values for 24-h and awake ambulatory BP.Based upon studies on prognosis and a clinical trial based upon BP control as an outcome, ambulatory BP monitoring should be considered for untreated patients whenever an office-induced increase in BP is suspected.Ambulatory BP monitoring should be considered for treated patients suspected of having an office-induced increase in BP, including individuals with apparent resistance to drug therapy, symptoms suggestive of hypotension, and fluctuating office BP readings.Based upon studies on prognosis, changes in nocturnal BP should be taken into account in any decision to withhold drug therapy based upon the ambulatory BP.Further studies are required to determine whether the clinical benefit of antihypertensive therapy is more closely related to ambulatory or office BP.     

老老年H型高血压患者动态血压参数特点分析

目的：研究老老年H型高血压患者动态血压特征。方法：根据纳入患者血浆Hcy水平,分H型高血压组为1组,共147例;非H型高血压组为2组,共50例;均行动态血压监测,比较两组患者动态血压参数的差异。结果：两组患者比较,谷丙转氨酶：1组（24.70±8.10）＞2组（20.14±12.55）;夜间脉压：1组（67.02±15.90）＞2组（60.26±13.45）;夜间平均动脉压：1组（85.91±11.27）＞2组（79.64±11.55）;夜间收缩压负荷：1组（33.46±33.28）＞2组（22.32±30.76）;夜间收缩压下降率：1组（-1.89±10.88）＜2组（4.25±8.98）;夜间舒张压下降率：1组（0.25±11.39）＜2组（6.21±10.77）;均P＜0.05,差异有统计学意义。Spearman相关性分析显示,谷丙转氨酶（r=-0.209 ,p=0.041）夜间脉压(r=0.223,P=0.03)、夜间平均动脉(r=0.252,p=.014)、夜间 收缩压负荷（r=0.311,p=0.002）、夜间收缩压下降率（r=-0.28,p=0.008）、夜间舒张压下降率（r=-0.244,p=0.022）与H型高血压存在相关性。经二元logistic回归分析显示,夜间APP、夜间收缩压下降率为老老年H型高血压的独立影响因素。结论：老老年H型高血压患者与非H型高血压患者动态血压参数之间存在差异,其中夜间平均动脉压、夜间收缩压下降率与H型高血压关系最密切,两者或许可以作为老老年H型高血压的指征之一,同时提示在临床实践中应重视老老年夜间血压的监测,从而有效的进行诊疗,改善心脑血管病预后及生活质量。     

Experience with 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in hypertension

Traditional sphygmomanometric blood pressure measurements may lead to errors in the diagnosis of arterial hypertension due to a number of factors, among which are the alerting reaction and pressor response induced in patients by the doctor's visit. This phenomenon, as quantified in our laboratory by continuous intraarterial recordings, is responsible for an average rise in systolic and diastolic blood pressure of 27/15 mm Hg, a rise that does not seem to be reduced by simply desensitizing the patient by means of more frequent physician visits. Twenty-four hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring may theoretically improve the diagnostic approach to hypertensive patients by overcoming some limitations of isolated cuff measurements. In recording intraarterial blood pressure in 108 ambulant hypertensive subjects, we have found that 24-hour blood pressure values are able to discriminate among patients with different degrees of target organ damage better than isolated sphygmomanometric readings. Moreover, these studies have indicated that 24-hour blood pressure variability may be as important as blood pressure mean values in the assessment of cardiovascular complications. In clinical practice, however, intraarterial blood pressure monitoring is not feasible, and only noninvasive recorders can be used. Use of these devices does not induce any alerting reaction in the patients and does not interfere with day-night blood pressure changes. Although it is characterized by intermittent readings, this approach is not incompatible with a precise estimate of 24-hour blood pressure mean values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)