人重组骨形成蛋白-7对高糖诱导的肾系膜细胞转化生长因子-β1及结缔组织生长因子表达的影响

目的 探讨人重组骨形成蛋白-7(rhBMP-7)对高糖诱导的大鼠肾小球系膜细胞转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)基因表达及细胞外基质(ECM)成分Ⅳ型胶原(ColⅣ)和纤维黏连蛋白(FN)分泌的影响.方法 体外培养大鼠肾小球系膜细胞,分为四组:正常对照组(DMEM培养基含1 000 mg/L葡萄糖)、高糖组(DMEM培养基含4 500 mg/L葡萄糖)、rhBMP-7低剂量组(DMEM培养基含4 500 mg/L葡萄糖+50 nmol/L rhBMP-7)、rhBMP-7高剂量组(DMEM培养基含4 500 mg/L葡萄糖+100 nmol/L rhBMP-7).RT-PCR技术检测TGF-β1和CTGF基因表达水平,ELISA技术检测上清液中TGFβ1、ColⅣ、FN含量.结果 高糖组系膜细胞TGF-β1和CTGF mRNA水平明显高于正常对照组(P<0.01),TGF-β1、ColⅣ和FN分泌增多,与正常对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与高糖组比较,rhBMP-7不同剂量(50、100 ng/ml)TGF-β1和CTGF mRNA表达明显降低,培养上清中TGF-β1、ColⅣ及FN分泌量亦明显减少,且差异显著(P<0.05).结论 RhBMP-7通过抑制高糖诱导的大鼠肾小球系膜细胞TGF-β1、CTGF基因表达和ECM的分泌可能起到抗纤维化作用.     

氯沙坦抑制环孢素A诱导的系膜细胞增生和细胞外基质形成

目的：观察免疫抑制剂环孢素A(CsA)对系膜细胞(MC)增生及细胞外基质(ECM)分泌的影响以及氯沙坦的干预作用，初步探讨环孢素致肾小球硬化的机制。方法：体外培养大鼠肾小球MC，用氚标胸腺密暖核苦(^3H-TdR)掺入法测定CsA对MC增生的影响，用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)测定细胞上清液中转化生长因子β1(TGF—β1)及ECM成份纤维连接蛋白(fibronectin,Fn)的分泌，用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT—PCR)方法测定TGF—β1、I型前胶原、基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP—2)的基因表达。结果：CsA对MC的增生有明显的抑制作用，并呈现时间和剂量依赖效应，氯沙坦对细胞的增生无明显作用；环孢素能明显促进TGF—β1及Fn的分泌，并能促进TGF—β1、I型前胶原mRNA的表达，下调MMP—2 mRNA的表达，氯沙坦能下调环孢素诱导的TGF—β1及Fn的表达。结论：环孢素影响MC增生和ECM分泌从而引起肾小球硬化，肾素—血管紧张素—醛固酮系统可能部分参与了这一过程。     

高糖高溶血磷脂胆碱对系膜细胞产生纤维连接蛋白、Ⅳ型胶原及转化生长因子-β1的影响

目的探讨高糖高溶血磷脂胆碱环境对人肾小球系膜细胞(HMCs)产生纤维连接蛋白(Fn)、Ⅳ型胶原(ColⅣ)及转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)的影响。方法将HMCs分为对照组、TGF-β1中和性抗体组、高糖高脂组、高糖高脂+TGF-β1中和性抗体组,采用qRT-PCR检测TGF-β1mRNA的表达,ELISA检测细胞上清液中ColⅣ及Fn含量。结果 (1)高糖高脂组TGF-β1mRNA表达水平较对照组升高(P0.05);(2)高糖高脂组细胞上清液TGF-β1、ColⅣ和Fn含量较对照组增加(P0.05),而这种作用可被TGF-β1中和性抗体所抑制(P0.05)。结论高糖高脂可通过促进系膜细胞TGF-β1表达从而诱导ECM的分泌,增加肾纤维化发生的风险。     

TGFβ1信号与肝纤维化

肝星状细胞(HSC)是肝纤维化发生的关键细胞，转化生长因子β1(TGFβ1)是活化HSC、促进细胞外基质(ECM)分泌的重要细胞因子，其在肝纤维化的发生发展中有重要的调节作用，文章通过TGFβ1信号转导对HSC的作用来阐述TGFβ1信号与肝纤维化的关系。     

波动性葡萄糖对胰岛β细胞INS-1的影响

目的 探讨波动性葡萄糖对培养的胰岛β细胞株INS-1细胞的损伤机制.方法 实验分5组.对照组:葡萄糖浓度为5.5 mmol/L;持续高糖组:葡萄糖浓度为16.7 mmol/L;波动性高糖组:16.7mmo/L葡萄糖培养2 h后更换葡萄糖浓度为5.5 mmo/L,继续培养3 h,每天重复3次,夜间9 h维持在5.5 mmo/L匍萄糖的培养基中;N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC,1.0 mmo/L)+高糖组;NAC+波动性高糖组.流式细胞仪检测活性氧簇(ROS)的水平;四氮唑蓝定量检测细胞内葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G6PD)的活性;同时检测还原型辅酶Ⅱ(NADPH)的含量.结果 干预72 h后,对照组、高糖组、波动性高糖组、NAC+高糖组和NAC+波动性高糖组细胞的ROS活性分别为37.77±2.31、86.97±7.97、124.27±10.04、60.92±2.61和51.47±3.36;G6PD活性分别为1.25±0.03、1.09±0.02、1.03±0.01、1.12±0.02和1.21±0.01;NADPH含量分别为(0.123±0.003)mmoVmg prot、(0.112±0.004)mmol/mg prot、(0.099±0.002)mmol/mg prot、(0.116±0.005)mmol/mg prot和(0.120±0.002)mmol/mg prot.波动性高糖组细胞ROS活性较单纯高糖组显著增加(P＜0.01),G6PD活性和NADPH含量较单纯高糖组显著减少(P＜0.01);加NAC共孵育使细胞的变化程度减小.结论 波动性高浓度葡萄糖使培养的INS-1细胞氧化应激水平增高,其机制可能是由于抗氧化酶G6PD活性降低导致了氧化还原的失衡.     

环氧化酶-2抑制剂对人腹膜间皮细胞转化生长因子-β1表达的影响

目的:研究环氧化酶-2(COX-2)抑制剂对人腹膜间皮细胞(HPMC)转化生长因子-1(TGF-1)表达的影响。 方法:采用胰蛋白酶消化法从人腹膜组织中分离间皮细胞,建立稳定的体外培养模型。用COX-2抑制剂干预高糖(4.25%D-葡萄糖)和细菌脂多糖(LPS)刺激下的HPMC。采用逆转录多聚酶链式反应(RT-PCR)半定量分析HPMC中TGF-1 mRNA的表达。采用双抗夹心法酶联免疫吸附实验检测HPMC培养液中TGF-1蛋白质水平。 结果:HPMC在高糖和LPS的刺激下可明显上调TGF-1的表达(P<0.01),COX-2抑制剂干预组(20nmol/L,40nmol/L, 60nmol/L)明显下调TGF-1的表达(P<0.05)。 结论:COX-2抑制剂能够明显抑制在高糖和LPS的刺激下的HPMC TGF-1的基因表达,为临床用COX-2抑制剂防治腹膜透析患者的腹膜纤维化提供实验和理论依据。     

高糖高溶血磷脂胆碱环境下血小板活化因子在内皮细胞与系膜细胞相互关系中的作用

目的 探讨高糖高溶血磷脂胆碱环境下内皮细胞与系膜细胞相互作用对细胞外基质(ECM)积聚的影响及血小板活化因子(PAF)在其中的作用.方法 人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)与人肾小球系膜细胞(HMC)共培养和HMC单独培养,将两种培养模型分别分为对照组、甘露醇组、高糖高脂组、PAF受体拮抗剂BN52021组,比较各组细胞上清液人纤维连接蛋白(Fn)、人Ⅳ型胶原(Col IV)、PAF含量及HMC中PAF受体(PAF-R)mRNA的表达水平.结果 (1)高糖高脂促进单培养和共培养细胞Fn、 Col IV和PAF含量的升高,且共培养组Fn、 Col IV和PAF水平均高于单培养组,BN52021可抑制高糖高脂刺激的Fn和Col IV升高(P均<0.05).(2)高糖高脂上调HMC中PAF-R mRNA的表达水平(P<0.05).结论 高糖高脂环境下,系膜细胞和内皮细胞存在异常的相互作用,促进Fn、Col IV、PAF的产生,高糖高脂刺激的ECM分泌增加可能与PAF有关.     

尾加压素Ⅱ对体外高糖培养大鼠肾小球系膜细胞细胞外基质分泌的影响

目的观察尾加压素Ⅱ（UⅡ）对体外高糖培养大鼠肾小球系膜细胞（MC）细胞外基质（ECM）纤连蛋白（FN）、Ⅳ型胶原（ColⅣ）及转化生长因子（TGF）β分泌的影响。方法体外高糖培养大鼠MC,加入不同浓度UⅡ（终浓度10-7、10-8、10-9、10-10mol/L）,并设立UⅡ抑制组,37℃孵育24h,留取上清,应用ELISA法测定上清中FN、ColⅣ及TGFβ含量。结果10-8mol/LUⅡ作用下的大鼠MC培养上清中,FN、ColⅣ及TGFβ含量同对照组相比有显著升高（P〈0.05）;UⅡ10-8mol/L＋Ca2＋阻断剂尼卡地平组、UⅡ10-8mol/L＋Ca2＋螯合剂EDTA组及UⅡ10-8mol/L＋抗UⅡ抗体组同UⅡ10-8mol/L组相比较,细胞培养上清中FN、ColⅣ及TGFβ含量显著减少（P〈0.05）。结论一定浓度尾加压素Ⅱ能促进体外高糖培养的大鼠MC分泌ECMFN、ColⅣ及TGFβ。     

糖肾安煎剂对DM大鼠尿MA、TGF-β1的影响

雄性Wistar大鼠用链脲佐菌素诱导DM模型，将成模大鼠随机分为模型组、糖肾安组、厄贝沙坦组，并设置正常对照组。灌胃8周。结果模型组大鼠尿TGF—β1、UMA高于正常组（104．3±12．5／76．1±6．3，102．4±13．7／72．2±8．2，P〈0．01），糖肾安组与厄贝沙坦组大鼠尿TGF—β1、UMA水平较模型组降低（86．3±13．1、81．8±16．5／104．3±12．5，83．3±11．5、81．4±9．4／102．4±13．7，P〈0．01），各组大鼠尿TGF—β1、UMA均呈正相关（r=0．842，0．848，0．904，0．885．均P〈0．01）。结论通过下调TGF—β1可能是糖肾安煎剂防治DN的机制之一。     

氟伐他汀对糖尿病肾病患者血清Ⅳ型胶原与转化生长因子β1水平的影响及意义

近年研究表明，多种细胞因子分泌增多和细胞外基质(ECM)蛋白代谢异常在糖尿病肾病(DN)发病的各个环节中起重要作用。本研究观察氟伐他汀对DN患者血清Ⅳ型胶原(CⅣ)、转化生长因子β1(TGF—β1)水平的影响，探讨其治疗作用和机制。     

1-Naphthyl isocyanate and 1-naphthylamine as metabolites of 1-naphthylisothiocyanate

Abstract: The importance of the bioactivation of 1-naphthylisothiocyanate was studied. Forty minutes after 1-naphthylisothiocyanate administration to rats, bile was collected over a 2.5-h period; the liver was then excised and homogenized. 1-naphthylisothiocyanate and its metabolites in bile and liver of rats were identified and quantified using coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Three main compounds were found in all 1-naphthylisothiocyanate-treated animals. They were identified as 1-naphthyl isocyanate, 1-naphthylamine and the parent compound, 1-naphthylisothiocyanate. When rats were given cycloheximide, which attenuates 1-naphthylisothiocyanate toxicity, 30 min before 1-naphthylisothiocyanate (300 mg/kg), 1-naphthyl isocyanate concentration was significantly lower than in rats receiving only 1-naphthylisothiocyanate. The appearance of 1-naphthylamine was also inhibited by cycloheximide, although not to the same extent as 1-naphthyl isocyanate. On the other hand, phenobarbital, which potentiates 1-naphthylisothiocyanate hepatotoxicity, enhanced 1-naphthyl isocyanate and 1-naphthylamine formation. It is suggested that 1-naphthyl isocyanate, 1-naphthylamine and the highly reactive sulfur released from 1-naphthylisothiocyanate might be involved in the hepatotoxic effect of 1-naphthylisothiocyanate.     

Cytochrome 1A1 and 1B1 gene diversity in the Zanzibar islands

Amodiaquine (AQ) is a 4‐aminoquinoline widely used in the treatment of malaria as part of the artemisinin combination therapy (ACT). AQ is metabolised towards its main metabolite desethylamodiaquine mainly by cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8). CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 play a minor role in the metabolism but they seem to be significantly involved in the formation of the short‐lived quinine‐imine. To complete the genetic variation picture of the main genes involved in AQ metabolism in the Zanzibar population, previously characterised for CYP2C8, we analysed in this study CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 main genetic polymorphisms. The results obtained show a low frequency of the CYP1A1*2B/C allele (2.4%) and a high frequency of CYP1B1*6 (approximately 42%) followed by CYP1B1*2 (approximately 27%) in Zanzibar islands. Genotype data for CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 show a low incidence of fast metabolisers, revealing a relatively safe genetic background in Zanzibar’s population regarding the appearance of adverse effects.     

Genetic link with cholelithiasis among pediatric SCA Tunisian patients: Examples of UGT1A1, SLCO1A2 and SLCO1B1

Aims and background: Hyperbilirubinemia is often observed in chronic hemolysis and results in the formation of pigment cholelithiasis that could be increased by the presence of defected enzymes involved in the bilirubin metabolism. Indeed, this is the first report that interested in the study of polymorphisms in genes encoded for enzymes involved in the bilirubin metabolism: rs 4149056 of SLCO1B1 and rs4149000 of SLCO1A2 in combination with rs8175347 and rs887829 of UGT1A1 in order to find a correlation between the polymorphisms studied and the presence of gallstones in a population of sickle cell anemia (SCA) pediatric Tunisians.

Material and methods: Our study involved 102 unrelated Tunisian subjects. All SCA patients are children (less than 16 years old) and were characterized by hyperbilirubinemia and 52 of them have cholelithiasis. The polymorphisms of the candidate genes were analyzed for all subjects by PCR/sequencing. Genotype and allele frequencies between cases and controls were compared using Pearson's chi-square test with a significance threshold of P?<?0.05 (compare 2, version 1.02).

Results: The novelty of this report is that children carrying the combined genotype of the rs studied: (TA7TA7)/TT/TC/GA have a higher risk to develop gallstones (P?=?0.0027, RR?=?18.27 (20.0061–915.28)).

Conclusion: Altogether our data provide the implication of UGT1A1 and SLCO1A2 in sickle cell anemia-related cholelithiasis.     

PD-1/PD-L1抑制途径与自身免疫性糖尿病

PD-1(CD279)是一种负性协同刺激分子,属于CD28超家族成员,呈诱导性表达于活化的T、B和自然杀伤细胞表面.PD-L1(B7-H1,CD274)和PD-L2(B7-DC,CD273)是PD-1的两个配体.PD-1和PD-L1相互作用可以使活化的自身反应性T细胞获得负性信号,抑制其对自身抗原持续的免疫应答.若PD...     

Pandemic H1N1 influenza

The 2009 H1N1 influenza A virus that has targeted not only those with chronic medical illness, the very young and old, but also a large segment of the patient population that has previously been afforded relative protection - those who are young, generally healthy, and immune naive. The illness is mild in most, but results in hospitalization and severe ARDS in an important minority. Among those who become critically ill, 20-40% will die, predominantly of severe hypoxic respiratory failure. However, and potentially in part due to the young age of those affected, intensive care with aggressive oxygenation support will allow most people to recover. The volume of patients infected and with critical illness placed substantial strain on the capacity of the health care system and critical care most specifically. Despite this, the 2009 pandemic has engaged our specialty and highlighted its importance like no other. Thus far, the national and global critical care response has been brisk, collaborative and helpful - not only for this pandemic, but for subsequent challenges in years ahead.     

甲型H1N1流感合并肺炎的临床特点分析

目的通过对甲型H1N1流感合并肺炎的临床特点的分析。方法分析2009年月10月-2010年3月在我院入住的29例甲型H1N1流感合并肺炎患者的临床表现、实验室检查及胸部CT等资料。结果本组病例男性16例,女性13例。3例妊娠,13例合并有基础疾病。所有病例均有流感样前驱症状,呼吸道主要症状为发热、干咳少痰,严重者气短、呼吸困难、咯血。合并细菌感染时咯脓痰。肺部听诊无啰音或少啰音,合并哮喘时有哮鸣音,合并细菌感染时可有湿啰音。实验室检查65%白细胞不高或降低,41%心肌酶升高,58.6%存在低氧血症,35%呼吸衰竭。影像学表现多种多样：65.5%主要为单侧或双侧棉团样、团片样边界模糊高密度渗出影伴肺实变,其内见充气支气管征,病变沿支气管血管束分布。轻症及早期较局限,重症者及晚期病变融合呈双肺多发弥漫性改变。少数呈大叶及小叶性肺炎表现。预后大多良好,病死率6.9%。主要死亡原因为呼吸衰竭及大咯血。结论甲型H1N1流感合并肺炎是以甲型H1N1流感病毒肺炎为主要疾病的多种肺炎构成。甲型H1N1流感病毒肺炎临床表现具有流感病毒肺炎共性特点,其影像学表现有一定特征性。     

Inhibition of procarcinogen-bioactivating human CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1 enzymes by melatonin

Abstract:  Administration of melatonin to rodents decreases the incidence of tumorigenesis initiated by benzo[ a ]pyrene or 7,12-dimethylbenz[ a ]anthracene, which requires bioactivation by cytochrome P450 enzymes, such as CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1, to produce carcinogenic metabolites. The present study tested the hypothesis that melatonin is a modulator of human CYP1 catalytic activity and gene expression. As a comparison, we also investigated the effect of melatonin on the catalytic activity of CYP2A6, which is also a procarcinogen-bioactivating enzyme. Melatonin (3–300 μ m ) decreased 7-ethoxyresorufin O -dealkylation catalyzed by human hepatic microsomes and recombinant CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1, whereas it did not affect coumarin 7-hydroxylation catalyzed by hepatic microsomes or recombinant CYP2A6. Melatonin inhibited CYP1 enzymes by mixed inhibition, with apparent K _i values (mean ± S.E.M.) of 59 ± 1 (CYP1A1), 12 ± 1 (CYP1A2), 14 ± 2 (CYP1B1) and 46 ± 8 μ m (hepatic microsomes). Additional experiments indicated that melatonin decreased benzo[ a ]pyrene hydroxylation catalyzed by hepatic microsomes and CYP1A2 but not by CYP1A1 or CYP1B1. Treatment of MCF-10A human mammary epithelial cells with melatonin (up to 300 μ m ) did not affect basal or benzo[ a ]pyrene-inducible CYP1A1 or CYP1B1 gene expression. Consistent with this finding, melatonin did not influence reporter activity in aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent pGudluc6.1-transfected MCF-10A cells treated with or without benzo[ a ]pyrene, as assessed in an in vitro cell-based luciferase reporter gene assay. Overall, melatonin is an in vitro inhibitor of human CYP1 catalytic activity, and it may be useful to develop potent analogues of melatonin as potential cancer chemopreventive agents that block CYP1-mediated chemical carcinogenesis.     

p21~(WAF1/CIP1/SDI1)在大鼠肾脏组织的增龄性变化及意义

目的 研究p21野生型p53活化片段1/细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶影响蛋白1/衰老细胞衍生抑制剂1(p21WAF1/CIP1/SDI1)在大鼠肾脏中随年龄增长的表达变化规律. 方法 取3月龄、12月龄及24月龄健康雄性Wistar大鼠肾组织进行衰老相关β-半乳糖苷酶(SA-β-gal)活性染色,TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡,采用逆转录多聚酶链反应(RT-PCR)和Western印迹法(Western blot assay)分别在基因及蛋白质表达水平上检测肾脏组织中p21WAF1/CIP1/SDI1的表达变化,并用免疫组化法检测p21WAF1/CIP1/SDI1在肾脏组织中的表达与定位. 结果 大鼠肾脏组织SA-β-gal活性随年龄增长逐渐增强,凋亡细胞也随年龄增长逐渐增加(P＜0.05);p21WAF1/CIP1/SDI1 mRNA表达随年龄增长逐渐增强,不同月龄比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).Western印迹亦显示p21WAF1/CIP1/SDI1蛋白表达随鼠龄增加逐渐增强(P＜0.05).免疫组化结果显示,p21WAF1/CIP1/SDI1蛋白表达于大鼠肾小球足细胞,其在肾小管与间质细胞中也有表达,且随年龄增长表达增加(P＜0.05). 结论 p21WAF1/CIP1/SDI1在大鼠肾脏组织中的表达随年龄增加而增强,可作为肾脏组织中重要的衰老指标.