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1.
HIV感染者心理咨询前后焦虑状况比较   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
目的 探讨心理咨询对艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者焦虑情况的影响。方法 采用焦虑自评量表对94例HIV感染者进行问卷调查分析。结果 HIV感染者心理咨询后焦虑情况有了一定的改善。男性的焦虑总分(EA)由咨询前的48.38降为咨询后的36.94,女性则由咨询前的47.82降为咨询后的35.82;男性的焦虑标准分(EAT)由咨询前的60.52降为46.29,女性则由咨询前的59.86降为44.85。结论 对HIV感染者进行心理咨询可以减轻他们的心理焦虑程度。  相似文献   

2.
李娟  周健  袁飞 《中国艾滋病性病》2014,(4):254-256,277
目的分析贵阳市908名艾滋病自愿咨询检测(VCT)者的相关情况、艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染情况、VCT求询者抑郁状况,为艾滋病预防和干预提供科学依据。方法对贵阳市疾病预防控制中心VCT门诊2010-2012年908名VCT求询者的基本信息及HIV感染率进行分析,运用抑郁自评量表(SDS)对2012年237名VCT求询者进行调查,了解其心理抑郁状况。结果 908名VCT求询者中,HIV感染者160人,感染率17.62%;性接触为主要传播途径。男女比例为3.2∶1,青壮年是接受VCT的主体人群,文化程度低的人群感染率较高。HIV感染率较高的求询者分别是有注射吸毒史者(36.84%)、配偶/固定性伴阳性史者(33.77%)和男男性行为人群(MSM)(26.84%)。237名求询者中,有67.51%的人有抑郁症状,女性和文化程度低的人群抑郁症状较明显。结论 VCT门诊在发现HIV感染者、宣传和干预中起到重要作用。应加强对有注射吸毒史、男男性行为史和配偶/固定性伴阳性史者的干预。可在VCT服务中开展心理咨询及疏导。  相似文献   

3.
目的了解在台山市疾病预防控制中心艾滋病自愿咨询检测(VCT)室求询的人群及艾滋病病毒(HIV)抗体阳性者的情况,为进一步开展VCT服务,阻断HIV传播提供依据。方法用统一的VCT表格记录咨询个案,对咨询个案和阳性个案进行分析。结果在有完整记录的166个求询者中,15~49岁青壮年占84.9%,求询者类型主要为异性性接触、静脉吸毒和HIV感染者的家属。126人接受免费检测共发现HIV抗体阳性者32人,阳性率25.4%。HIV感染者主要是静脉吸毒者和感染者的配偶。结论台山市疾控中心在高危人群中推行VCT对发现HIV感染者或AIDS病人效率较高。青壮年吸毒人群和HIV感染者家属是艾滋病高危人群,也是开展VCT,实施行为干预的重点人群。  相似文献   

4.
目的了解目前深圳地区艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染人群焦虑和抑郁的患病情况,初步探索影响焦虑和抑郁的相关因素。方法 2016年1-3月对深圳市第三人民医院艾滋病门诊就诊的594例HIV感染者开展横断面研究,通过医院焦虑抑郁量表调查研究对象焦虑和抑郁的患病情况,并用SPSS软件分析相关的影响因素。结果594例患者中有焦虑症状者233例(39.2%),抑郁症状者240例(40.4%)。多因素分析显示,离异或丧偶[比值比(OR)=2.11,95%可信区间(CI):1.13~3.93]是焦虑产生的危险因素,抗病毒治疗(OR=0.66,95%CI:0.47~0.94)是保护因素;对于抑郁的形成,高中及以上文化程度(OR=0.58,95%CI:0.39~0.88)、家庭或社会支持(OR=0.44,95%CI:0.31~0.62)是保护性因素。结论深圳地区HIV感染者焦虑和抑郁的患病率较高,应该引起临床医生关注。对于新发现的HIV感染者应当进行常规心理健康问题的筛查,早期给予社会支持和心理关怀。  相似文献   

5.
郑州市结核病人群中HIV感染调查   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
目的了解郑州地区结核病人群中HIV感染情况,为TB/HIV双重感染防治工作提供依据。方法采用连续抽样和关联保密的方法,对郑州地区7个结防机构2007年8月11日—11月31日就诊的活动性结核病人,用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)进行HIV初筛,初筛阳性者做免疫印迹(western-blot)确认试验,并进行问卷调查。结果调查新登记结核病1583例,HIV阳性者9例,感染率0.6%; HIV感染病人年龄在13~60岁,男性组HIV感染率0.6%,女性组感染率为0.2%; 不同年龄活动性结核病人中HIV感染者主要集中在青壮年,占88.9%;农村户口结核病人HIV感染率0.6%,城镇户口结核病人HIV感染率0.4%。固定人口HIV感染率0.7%,流动人口HIV感染率0.4%;HIV感染途径,采血浆、输入血液传播4例 (44.4%),异性传播2例(22.2%);HIV阳性以新病人为多。涂片阳性。结论郑州地区结核病人群中HIV感染率0.6%;HIV阳性以新病人为主;结核病人群中HIV感染者主要集中在青壮年。  相似文献   

6.
绝大多数艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者,被告知其血清学检测阳性结果后,表现出情绪低落、紧张、恐惧和孤独,他们心里极其脆弱,对生活缺乏信心。开展检测后咨询服务可为HIV感染者提供紧迫的心理治疗,帮助他们在最初阶段减轻巨大心理压力,增强生活信心。对2004年8月~2005年12月参加艾滋病自愿咨询检验(VCT)服务效果进行评价。  相似文献   

7.
HIV感染者和AIDS病人的咨询需求   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
目的 对艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者和艾滋病(AIDS)病人的AIDS咨询需求进行调查。方法 对111名HIV感染者和AIDS病人进行流行病学问卷调查和个人深入访谈。结果 90%以上的第1次咨询是在感染以后。对于期望的咨询方式,HIV感染者最希望获得面对面咨询,占81.98%。结论 在今后的工作中需要加强咨询人员面对面的咨询能力。  相似文献   

8.
<正>随着艾滋病或人类免疫缺陷病毒(AIDS或HIV)感染者人数逐渐增加,由于感染HIV导致的多方面压力,患者普遍存在焦虑和抑郁等不良情绪。研究显示,HIV感染者出现焦虑和抑郁的比例明显高于普通人群。因此,了解AIDS或HIV感染者的心理健康状况及危险因素对于干预措施的提出具有重要价值。1对象与方法1.1对象选择2014年2月~2015年2月我院接受  相似文献   

9.
对劳教人员实行艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者血清学检测阳性结果告知,是预防和控制艾滋病的传播,为HIV感染者提供关怀的重要环节。为探索劳教所HIV感染者阳性告知工作的健康有序开展,建立切实可行的心理咨询与行为矫治措施。对劳教所的32名HIV确认阳性感染者,按照告知时机、内容、技巧、注意事项等程序,在解教前1个月内实施阳性告知。掌握阳性告知的原则、相关知识和心理咨询技巧,是成功实施阳性告知的关键。提高干警知识和管理水平,消除恐惧和歧视,对劳教人员实施有效的行为矫治措施,对预防HIV在所内的传播流行,也为降低劳教人员解教出所后对社会的潜在威胁,具有十分重要的意义。  相似文献   

10.
由于在低收入国家获得HIV抗逆转录病毒(antiretroviralARV)制剂可能性的提高,目前,许多临床医生需要ARV应用方面的培训。现在临床医生在治疗结核病(TB)时,还要进一步考虑到HIV/AIDS的情况。本文概要介绍医生处置HIV感染者时需要解决的关键问题,尤其是HIV/TB双重感染者。初级卫生保健医生要对所有提示HIV感染的症状、体征者和所有结核病患者进行HIV快速检测诊断。本文主要内容为:对HIV检测前和检测后的咨询问题进行探讨。对HIV感染者进行评估,确定临床分期;通过某些实验室检查判断免疫抑制的程度,以便确定应用ARV治疗和结核病预防性治疗的最佳时机。ARV治疗需要良好的依从性,建议劝导和加强依从性。介绍ARV治疗方案和患者随访要求。优先治疗结核病。不管是否合并HIV感染,治疗结核病的原则是相同的。对合并结核病的患者应用ARV提出了建议。必须建立标准化和不断充实的信息系统,以便监控HIV与结核病双重感染者的处置及结核病和HIV联合防治的执行情况。通过对结核病患者进行HIV感染的筛查,发现HIV感染病例,并对其进行诊断和处置,医生能为减少HIV负担做出贡献,同样也为减少结核病负担做出贡献。  相似文献   

11.
Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.  相似文献   

12.
Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm2) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.  相似文献   

13.
The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin   总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19  
Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.  相似文献   

14.
Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.  相似文献   

15.
16.
Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.  相似文献   

17.
Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease   总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0  
PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.  相似文献   

18.
Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.  相似文献   

19.
Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.  相似文献   

20.
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