连续性肾脏替代治疗在重症急性肾功能衰竭救治中的应用

目的：回顾性分析连续性肾脏替代治疗（ＣＲＲＴ）技术在重症急性肾功能衰竭（ＡＲＦ）救治中的应用及对预后的影响。 方法：１９８６年５月￣１９９７年６月用ＣＲＲＴ治疗重症急性肾功能衰竭患者６３例，并对ＣＲＲＴ装置、置换液配制和控制输入以及血滤器的重复使用方面作了一系列改进。 结果：６３例患者存活３５例，存活率５５．６％，分析了存活及死亡两组患者人口统计学资料、ＡＲＦ的特点、疾病严重程度（ＡＰＡＣＨＥⅡ）     

连续性肾脏替代治疗与间歇性血液透析治疗重症急性肾衰的比较研究

目的：回顾性研究连续性肾脏替代治疗（ＣＲＲＴ）与间歇性血液透析（ＩＨＤ）治疗重症急性肾衰的疗效及影响预后的因素。方法：收集１９７８年１２月～１９９８年１２月住院的重症ＡＲＦ患者１９３例,其中１０１例行ＣＲＲＴ（ＣＲＲＴ组）,９２例行ＩＨＤ（ＩＨＤ组）,回顾性对比分析两组患者的临床资料、疗效和预后。结果：ＣＲＲＴ组６０例（５９４％）存活,４１例（４０６％）死亡,ＩＨＤ组５９例（６４１％）存活,３３例（３５９％）死亡,两组无差异,但ＣＲＲＴ组病情明显重于ＩＨＤ组：患者年龄更大,平均动脉压低,ＡＰＡＣＨＥⅡ积分高,衰竭器官数目多,需要机械通气和升压药物的患者数高于ＩＨＤ组（Ｐ＜００５）,ＣＲＲＴ组中存活者平均ＡＰＡＣＨＥⅡ积分与ＩＨＤ组死亡者相似。ＣＲＲＴ组血流动力学稳定,容量状态精确平衡,氮质血症控制更佳,ＡＲＦ持续时间缩短。结论：①重症ＡＲＦ的预后受年龄的影响,与原发病因和疾病严重程度有关;②ＣＲＲＴ治疗重症ＡＲＦ的疗效优于ＩＨＤ,能改善重症ＡＲＦ的预后。     

连续性肾脏替代治疗与间歇性血液透析治疗重症急性？…

目的：回顾性研究连续性肾脏替代治疗（ＣＲＲＴ）与间歇性血液透析（ＩＨＤ）治疗重症急性肾衰的疗效及影响预后的因素。方法：收集１９７８年１２月￣１９９８年１２月住院的重症ＡＲＦ患者１９３例,其中１０１例行ＣＲＲＴ（ＣＲＲＴ组）,９２例行ＩＤＨ（ＩＤＨ组）,回顾性对比分析两组患者的临床资料、疗效和预后。结果：ＣＲＲＴ组６０例（５９．４％）存活,４１例（４０．６％）死亡,ＩＨＤ组５９例（６４．１％）存活,     

连续性肾脏替代疗法的进展及其临床应用

连续性肾脏替代疗法与间歇性透析的区别在间歇性透析（ＩＨＤ）的基础上发展了连续性肾脏替代疗法（ＣＲＲＴ），但ＣＲＲＴ显示出比ＩＨＤ明显的优越性，ＣＲＲＴ被广泛地应用于治疗急性肾功能衰竭（ＡＲＦ）和并发的多器官功能衰竭综合征（ＭＯＤＳ）。１．１ＣＲＲＴ血...     

连续性肾脏替代治疗在急性肾功能衰竭中的应用

连续性肾替代治疗(ＣＲＲＴ)是近年来急救医学的一个重要进展,不仅在重症急性肾功能衰竭(ＡＲＦ)的救治中得到了广泛应用,而且在一些非肾脏器官衰竭,如成人呼吸窘迫综合征(ＡＲＤＳ)、多脏器功能障碍综合征(ＭＯＤＳ)以及败血症等的治疗中也越来越多的使用。在重症ＡＲＦ患者,传统的血液透析可加重脏器的损害,尤其当需要清除体内大量水份时,这种损害更加明显。目前已普遍认为ＡＲＦ合并心血管系统不稳定、严重容量负荷过多、脑水肿、高分解代谢以及需要大量补充液体时应选用ＣＲＲＴ。下面将ＣＲＲＴ在ＡＲＦ治疗中的应用加以阐述。应用ＣＲ…     

连续性肾脏替代疗法治疗脓毒血症

连续性肾脏替代治疗 (ｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｏｕｓｒｅｎａｌｒｅｐｌａｃｅｍｅｎｔｔｈｅｒａｐｙ ,ＣＲＲＴ)与传统的肾脏替代疗法相比 ,具有连续、缓慢清除溶质和血流动力学状态稳定等显著特点 ,已成为急性肾功能衰竭 (ＡＲＦ)、脓毒血症 (ｓｅｐｓｉｓ)和多脏器功能障碍综合征 (ＭＯＤＳ)等疾病的重要治疗措施之一。目前已有大量的临床试验 ,对ＣＲＲＴ不同方式的疗效、清除的溶质和毒素及其透析充分性的评价进行深入研究。本文主要就ＣＲＲＴ治疗剂量与脓毒血症等危重病患者预后的关系作一简述。1　肾脏替代治疗对危急重症患者的意义ＡＲＦ…     

急性肾功能衰竭误漏诊原因分析及肾活检的意义

目的 探讨急性肾功能衰竭（ＡＲＦ）误漏诊原因,提高ＡＲＦ诊断水平。方法 分析入院前诊断与最终诊断的事率寻找误漏诊原因,总结 活检后诊断和治疗的修正率及早期治疗对预后的影响。结果 １１１例ＡＲ守前确诊断ＡＲＦ者７５例（６７．６％）;１６例（１４．４％）误诊为慢性肾功能衰竭（ＣＲＦ）;２０例（１８．０％）误漏诊为肾脏肿瘤、泌尿系统结石、血尿／蛋白尿原因待查等其他两列肾活检病理检查纠正了１５例（２１．７     

连续性床旁血液滤过治疗老年人急性肾功能衰竭(附8例报告)

对８例老年人急性肾功能衰竭（ＡＲＦ）采用连续性动静脉血液滤过（ＣＡＶＨ）或连续静脉血液滤过（ＣＶＶＨ）治疗，取得了较好的治疗效果，现报告如下。１临床资料８例老年ＡＲＦ患者，男６例，女２例，年龄６７～８５岁，平均７９．２±４．７岁。其中长期应用多种抗生...     

82例急性肾功能衰竭血透治疗和预后分析

８２例急性肾功能衰竭血透治疗和预后分析刁秀竹石天凯沈发林陈友辉许敏关键词急性肾衰血液透析死亡率中图法分类号Ｒ４５９．５我院自１９８７年至１９９５年采用血液透析治疗急性肾功能衰竭（ＡＲＦ）８２例，分析如下。１对象和方法１．１对象８２例患者平均年龄３５...     

慢性肾功能衰竭的非透析治疗

慢性肾功能衰竭的非透析治疗中国医科大学第一临床学院（１１０００１）阎祝三慢性肾功能衰竭（ＣＲＦ）是指原发性或继发性肾脏疾病所致的肾功能损害而出现的一系列症状和代谢紊乱组成的临床综合征。ＣＲＦ尽管病程进展缓慢，但其病情一般是不可逆的，预后严重。不论何种...     

两种评价急性肾衰竭患者预后及肾脏转归积分模型的比较

目的　比较急性生理和平素健康评估Ⅱ (APACHEⅡ )与急性肾小管坏死 个体严重程度指数 (ATN ISI)两种积分模型对急性肾衰竭 (ARF)患者的预后和肾脏转归的预示效果。方法　回顾性分析了近 1 0年的 42 2例ARF患者资料 ,比较两种积分模型对患者病死率及肾脏转归的预测效果 ,并采用两种积分评定方式对ARF发生 30、45、60d后的肾脏转归进行了判别分析。结果　随着两种模型积分值的增加 ,患者的病死率升高 ,当ATN ISI积分≥ 0 85、APACHEⅡ积分≥ 35时病死率为 1 0 0 % ;APACHEⅡ和ATN ISI模型的ROC曲线下的面积分别为 0 81 7± 0 0 2 1和 0 880± 0 0 1 8,表明两种模型对ARF患者病死率的判别均有意义。对肾脏转归的判别 ,ATN ISI在各评定时间的判别符合率均高于APACHEⅡ ;ATN ISI积分≥ 0 75时 ,均需依赖透析治疗 ;<0 75但≥ 0 58时 ,肾功能未恢复正常 ;肾功能完全恢复者积分值均在 0 58以内。APACHEⅡ积分≥ 2 6时 ,均需依赖透析治疗 ;<2 6时 ,肾功能完全恢复和肾功能不全病人之间无明显积分界限 ;但≤ 2 2时 ,上述二者所占比例分别为 80 4%和1 9 6 %。结论　两种积分模型对ARF患者的病死率及肾脏转归均有较好的预示效果 ,但ATN ISI积分模型对肾脏转归的预示价值更优于APACHEⅡ。     

End-stage renal failure patients requiring renal replacement therapy in the intensive care unit: incidence,clinical features,and outcome

AIMS: To study incidence, clinical features, and outcome of critically ill patients with end-stage renal failure (ESRF) requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) in the intensive care unit (ICU) and to test the validity of severity scoring systems for these patients. METHODS: Data for ESRF patients treated with RRT were collected from 81 Australian adult ICUs providing RRT. They were compared with matched controls with acute renal failure. RESULTS: Thirty-eight ESRF patients received RRT in the ICU over 3 months. The mean APACHE II score was 21.8 (predicted mortality: 37%) and the SAPS II score 44.7 (predicted mortality: 37%). The hospital mortality was 34%. Receiver operating characteristic curves showed good discrimination ability for hospital mortality for these two scores (AUC: 0.81 for APACHE II and 0.84 for SAPS II). Using admission diagnosis and SAPS II scores, 32 ESRF patients treated with continuous RRT (CRRT) were matched to 32 acute renal failure patients also treated with CRRT. ICU mortality (22 vs. 38%) and hospital mortality (38 vs. 38%) were comparable between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: ESRF patients requiring RRT in the ICU were relatively frequent. Severity scores could be used to predict the hospital outcome for these patients. Their mortality, when treated with CRRT, was similar to that of diagnosis- and severity-score-matched patients with acute renal failure.     

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??Abstract??Objective To investigate the optimal timing of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) for patients with septic acute kidney injury (AKI).Methods We retrospectively analyzed 118 patients admitted to surgical intensive care unit (SICU).The hospital information of these patients was complete??and conformed to the 2012 KDIGO stage 2 and above at the same time.All these patients were divided into 4 groups??the stage 2 CRRT group??the stage 2 control group??the stage 3 early CRRT group and the stage 3 late CRRT group.The monitoring indicators before and after 48-hour therapy include serum creatinine??serum urea nitrogen??potassium??mean arterial pressure (MAP)??oxygenation index (OI)??serum lactic acid level??urine output (UO)??acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE ??) score??sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score??duration of mechanical ventilation??length of ICU stay??and the 28-day and 90-day mortality.Results After 48-hour treatment??the levels of serum creatinine??blood urea nitrogen and serum potassium in the three groups of patients treated with CRRT were improved obviously.As compared with those in the stage 3 late CRRT group??the above indexes were decreased significantly in the stage 3 early CRRT group.The values of MAP??OI??lactate??UO??APACHE II score and SOFA score in the stage 2 control group??the stage 2 CRRT group and the stage 3 early CRRT group were improved obviously.As compared those in with the stage 3 late CRRT group??the values of MAP??OI??lactate and UO in the stage 3 early CRRT group were improved obviously.As compared with those in the stage 3 late CRRT group??the duration of mechanical ventilation and length of ICU stay in the stage 3 early CRRT group reduced significantly.The 28-day and 90-day mortality were significantly higher in the stage 3 late CRRT group than those in the stage 3 early CRRT group.Conclusion CRRT is an effective method for treatment of patients with septic AKI.For the stage 2 patients??CRRT treatment has little effect on the prognosis of patients.For the stage 3 patients??CRRT treatment should be performed as soon as possible.     

老年内科危重症患者急性肾衰竭的临床分析

目的 了解老年内科危重症患者发生急性肾衰竭(ARF)的致病因素及转归.方法 对我院内科近10年老年(≥60岁)ARF患者的临床资料进行回顾分析,将老年患者分为院外获得性ARF(院外ARF)组和院内获得性ARF(院内ARF)组,并与同期内科非老年ARF患者进行比较.结果 (1)老年内科ARF患者381例,院外获得性ARF为218例(57.2%),医院获得性ARF为163例(42.8%),其中来自内科重症监护室153例(93.9%);(2)与院外ARF组比较,院内ARF组患者年龄较高.慢性基础疾病较多,伴发感染和/或心力衰竭的比率和病死率较高,ARF的程度较重;(3)院内ARF组的致病因素以感染及心力衰竭或心肌缺血为主;(4)院内ARF组死亡147例,死亡组伴慢性基础疾病、合并严重感染及心力衰竭、伴发老年多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)者均多于存活组,危霞症程度(APACHEⅡ评分)更高,肾衰竭程度更重;(5)与非老年组比较,老年组院内ARF构成比、伴发MODS、APACHEⅡ评分及病死率均显著增高. 结论 老年危重症患者更易发生ARF,医院获得性ARF的主要诱因为感染,心力衰竭或严重心肌缺血,病死率较高.     

早期连续性血液净化治疗重症急性胰腺炎14例

目的:探讨早期连续性血液净化(continuous blood purification,CBP)治疗重症急性胰腺炎(severe acute pancreatitis,SAP)的临床疗效.方法:选取符合SAP诊断且年龄18-65岁的住院患者,自愿行早期(起病48h内)CBP治疗的患者纳入试验组,其余患者纳入对照组.所有患者均按指征接受机械辅助呼吸、肠外营养、抗感染、血管活性药物、生长抑素、抗弥漫性血管内凝血等治疗.试验组病例在确诊SAP后8h内开始连续性血液净化治疗.比较2组患者在治疗前、治疗后1、3、5d的APACHEⅡ评分、血浆TNF-α检测值逐渐变化的差异性.在同一组患者中,比较相邻2d的APACHEⅡ评分值的差异性.结果:试验组病例在CBP治疗后,患者症状体征明显改善,治疗后1、3、5d APACHEⅡ评分、血浆TNF-α检测值与对照组比较,差异有显著性意义(APACHEⅡ评分:15.93±4.81vs18.50±4.77,13.71±4.01vs18.08±4.83,10.79±2.39vs15.17±4.59;TNF-α:60.00±15.27vs89.08±25.56,42.14±6.94vs89.83±23.19,39.00±6.04vs80.00±23.02,均P<0.05);试验组病例治疗后1、3、5d APACHEⅡ评分、血浆TNF-α检测值较治疗前显著下降,差异有显著性(P<0.05).结论:早期CBP治疗可显著改善SAP患者的临床症状,保护器官功能,改善预后,降低病死率.     

连续性血液净化在ICU多器官功能障碍综合征合并急性肾衰竭患者的应用及预后分析

目的探讨连续性血液净化治疗（CBPT）在ICU多器官功能障碍综合征（MODS）合并急性肾衰竭（APF）患者的疗效及影响预后的相关因素。方法回顾性分析2004年1月至2008年2月该院ICU中行连续性静-静脉血液滤过（CVVH）治疗的245例MODS合并ARF患者一般资料、血液生化检查、疾病严重程度评分等，对比分析CVVH治疗前后临床参数的变化及影响预后的因素。结果CVVH对容量负荷、溶质清除效果明显；反映疾病严重程度如氧合指数、APACHEⅡ评分、MODS评分、SOFA评分CVVH治疗前后比较无明显差异；全部患者死亡率为64．9％，病死率随着衰竭器官数目的增加而显著升高。多因素回归分析显示，患者CVVH治疗前衰竭器官数、医院获得性ARF、CVVH前APACHEⅡ评分、平均动脉压是独立危险因素。结论对于MODS合并ARF患者，CVVH治疗前患者疾病的严重程度是影响预后的重要因素，依据患者临床病情早期积极CBPT可能改善MODS合并ARF患者的预后。     

合并肾功能衰竭的肝移植患者接受肾脏替代治疗的价值

目的 回顾性分析合并急性肾功能衰竭的肝移植受体移植术前的危险因素,并探讨肾脏替代治疗(RRT)作为其移植前过渡治疗措施的价值. 方法收集2001年1月-2008年1月在卫生部移植医学工程技术研究中心由于急性肾功能衰竭而接受RRT的肝移植受体患者,依据不同预后对肝移植受体的临床特征进行分组对比分析;按接受不同RRT种类对肝移植受体的临床特征进行分组对比分析.用逻辑回归法分析能预测合并肾功能衰竭肝移植受体病死率的指标.对数据进行f检验、χ2检验、Logistic回归分析.结果 在接受RRT的患者中,有31.25%的患者因为肝移植而生存或者出院,68.75%的患者在等待移植期间死亡.死亡组患者与移植组相比,有更高的多器官功能障碍评分(4.98±2.32与4.45±2.02,P=0.008)、更低的平均动脉压[(56.5±7.1)mm Hg与(65.4±12.9)mm HgP=0.040;1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa].RRT的平均治疗天数在连续性肾脏替代治疗组和间歇血液透析组之间的差异没有统计学意义.与间歇血液透析组相比,连续性肾脏替代治疗组有更高的多器官功能障碍评分(4.82±2.12与3.45±1.91,P=0.040)、更低的平均动脉压[(56.0±14.2)mm Hg与(68.5±15.3)mm Hg,P=0.002]、更低的血清肌酐浓度[(320.12±185.15)μmol/L与(420.55±158.32)μmol/L,JP=0.008].肾功能衰竭受体术前平均动脉压越低,则死亡风险越高. 结论对患有急性肾功能衰竭的肝移植受体应用RRT是可取的.尽管病死率仍高,但可使部分患者得以肝移植而生存.     

连续性肾脏替代联合血液灌流治疗高脂血症性急性重症胰腺炎的临床观察

目的 比较单纯连续性肾脏替代治疗（CRRT）与CRRT联合血液灌流（HP）治疗高脂血症性急性重症胰腺炎（HLSAP）的效果.方法 将97例HLSAP患者随机分为CRRT、CRRT＋HP两组,均予急性胰腺炎常规治疗及CRRT,CRRT＋ HP组另外加用HP治疗.比较治疗前与治疗72小时后两组患者APACHEⅡ评分、血清三酰甘油（TG）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、血、尿淀粉酶及主要脏器功能等指标变化;观察治疗前与治疗1周后CT严重程度指数（CTSI）变化;记录治疗1周内主要并发症发生率、平均住院天数及病死率.结果 治疗72小时后两组患者上述指标均较治疗前明显改善（P＜0.05）.治疗72小时后两组APACHEⅡ评分、血淀粉酶、尿淀粉酶比较差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;CRRT＋ HP组其余实验室指标改善更明显（P＜0.05）.治疗1周后两组患者CTSI较治疗前均下降（P＜0.05）;且CRRT＋HP组改善更明显（P＜0.05）.CRRT＋HP组主要并发症发生率、病死率更低（P＜0.05）,住院时间缩短（P＜0.05）.结论 CRRT联合HP治疗较单纯CRRT治疗能够更快降低患者血TG水平,改善临床症状,可有效防止SIRS及MODS/MOF发生,降低病死率.     

Predictors of mortality in a cohort of intensive care unit patients with acute renal failure receiving continuous renal replacement therapy

BACKGROUND: Despite the frequent use of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in the management of acute renal failure (ARF) in the critically ill, predictors of mortality remain unclear. METHODS: A registry of all patients initiated on CRRT at a single institution was assembled over an 18-month period, and a subsequent cross-sectional analysis of selected variables was conducted for associations with mortality. Predictors evaluated were age, gender, diagnosis of sepsis, Apache II score, days between ARF diagnosis and initiation of CRRT, creatinine at initiation of CRRT, change in creatinine from baseline and admission to initiation of CRRT, setting of ARF, and prescribed CRRT dose. The principal outcome was mortality at 30 days. RESULTS: Eighty-one individuals met inclusion criteria. Overall mortality for the study was 50.2%. The mean elevation in creatinine from admission to initiation of CRRT was 1.6 mg/dL (141.4 micromol/L) in those who lived and 2.6 mg/dL (229.8 micromol/L) in those who died (P = 0.023). Patients admitted with normal renal function who developed ARF while in the hospital had mortality of 56.3%. When available, patients with abnormal renal function at presentation were further classified by either abnormal or normal preadmission creatinine. These patients had mortality of 31.3% and 83.3%, respectively. These differences in mortality were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Increased mortality was significantly associated with the magnitude of change in serum creatinine between admission and initiation of CRRT. Also, patient ARF classification was significantly associated with mortality.     

A prospective, multicenter study of the epidemiology, management, and outcome of severe acute renal failure in a "closed" ICU system

The safety and effectiveness of "closed" intensive care units (ICUs) are highly controversial. The epidemiology and outcome of acute renal failure (ARF) requiring replacement therapy (severe ARF) within a "closed" ICU system are unknown. Accordingly, we performed a prospective 3-mo multicenter observational study of all Nephrology Units and ICUs in the State of Victoria (all "closed" ICUs), Australia, and focused on the epidemiology, treatment, and outcome of patients with severe ARF. We collected demographic, clinical, and outcome data using standardized case report forms. Nineteen ward patients and 116 adult ICU patients had severe ARF (13.4 cases/100, 000 adults/yr). Among the ICU patients with severe ARF, 37 had impaired baseline renal function, 91 needed ventilation, and 95 needed vasoactive drugs. Intensivists controlled patient care in all cases. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) was used in 111 of the ICU patients. Nephrological opinion was sought in only 30 cases. Predicted mortality was 59.6%. Actual mortality was 49.2%. Only 11 ICU survivors were dialysis dependent at hospital discharge. In the state of Victoria, Australia, intensivists manage severe ARF within a "closed" ICU system. Renal replacement is typically continuous and outcomes compare favorably with those predicted by illness severity scores. Our findings support the safety and efficacy of a "closed" ICU model of care.